Malunga Nolwimi Lwesitatar

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwesitatar?

Ulwimi lwesitatar luthethwa kakhulu Erashiya, kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6. Ikwathethwa kwamanye amazwe afana Neazerbaijan, Ikazakhstan, Ikyrgyzstan, Iturkey Neturkmenistan.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesitatar?

Ulwimi lwesitatar, ekwabizwa ngokuba Yikazan Tatar, lulwimi Lwaseturkey lweqela Lasekipchak elithethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasetatarstan, ummandla waserussia Federation. Ikwathethwa nakwezinye iindawo Zaserussia, Uzbekistan Nasekazakhstan. Imbali yolwimi lwesitatar ibuyele kwinkulungwane ye-10 xa Ivolga Bulgars yamkela Amasilamsi kwaye yaba Ngamatatar anamhlanje. Ebudeni bexesha Legolden Horde (ngenkulungwane ye-13 ukusa kweye-15), Amatatar ayephantsi kolawulo lwasemongolia yaye ulwimi lwesitatar lwaqalisa ukuphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi zesimongolia nezesipersi. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, olu lwimi luye lwenziwa utshintsho olukhulu ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwalo nezinye iziyelelane Zaseturkey, kwakunye namagama abolekiweyo esiarabhu nasepersi. Ngenxa yoko, iye yaba lulwimi olwahlukileyo olwahlukileyo kwizalamane zayo ezisondeleyo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeelwimi zommandla ziye zavela. Incwadi yokuqala eyabhalwa ngolwimi lwesitatar yapapashwa ngowe-1584, eyayinomxholo othi “Divân-i Lügatitut-Türk”. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19, ulwimi lwesitatar luye lwaqatshelwa ngokwamanqanaba awahlukahlukeneyo Bubukhosi baserashiya nasemva Kwesoviet Union. Wanikwa isikhundla esisemthethweni Etatarstan ngexesha Lesoviet, kodwa wajamelana nokucinezelwa ngexesha Likastalin. Ngo-1989, ialfabhethi yesitatar yatshintshwa ukusuka Kwisicyrillic ukuya Kwisilatinized kwaye ngo-1998, Iriphabhlikhi Yasetatarstan yabhengeza ulwimi lwesitatar njengolwimi olusemthethweni. Namhlanje, olu lwimi lusathethwa zizithethi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-8 Erashiya, ubukhulu becala phakathi koluntu lwamatatar.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesitatar?

1. Ugabdulla Tukay (1850-1913): imbongi yesitatar kunye nombhali wemidlalo obhala ngeelwimi zesiuzbek, isirashiya, kunye nesitatar kwaye waba negalelo ekudumiseni ulwimi lwesitatar kunye noncwadi.
2. I-tatar (inkulungwane ye-17): umbhali we-tatar owabhala igrama ebalulekileyo yolwimi lwesitatar kwaye ubizwa ngokuba nokuphuhlisa uhlobo olukhethekileyo lokubhala imibongo.
3. I-Tegähirä Askänavi (1885-1951): umphengululi wesitatar kunye nolwimi oluphando ngolwimi lwesitatar lwalubalulekile kuphuhliso lwayo.
4. Mäxämmädiar Zarnäkäev (ngenkulungwane ye-19): umbhali nembongi yesitatar eyabhala isichazi-magama sokuqala sale mihla sesitatar yaza yanceda ekumiseleni ulwimi lwesitatar.
5. Ildär Faizi (1926-2007): umbhali wetatar kunye nentatheli eyabhala amabali amaninzi kunye neencwadi ngesitatar kwaye yanegalelo elikhulu ekuvuseleleni ulwimi lokubhala lwesitatar.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwesitatar?

Isakhiwo solwimi lwesitatar sinobuchule, kunye ne-agglutinative morphology. Inamatyala amane (ukutyunjwa, i-genitive, accusative and locative) kunye namadoda amathathu (ubudoda, ubufazi, kunye ne-neuter). Izenzi zidibanisa ngomntu, inani, kunye nomoya, kunye nezibizo zincipha ngetyala, isini, kunye nenani. Ulwimi lunenkqubo entsonkothileyo yezikhundla kunye namasuntswana anokubonisa izinto ezinje ngomba, ulwalathiso kunye nendlela yokuziphatha.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesitatar ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qiniseka ukuba unokufikelela kwizinto ezisemgangathweni – kukho inani lezixhobo zokufunda ulwimi lwesitatar ezifumaneka kwi-intanethi nakwiivenkile zeencwadi, ke qiniseka ukuba unokufikelela kwezona zinto zilungileyo.
2. Ziqhelanise nealfabhethi-Ekubeni isitatar sibhalwe ngesicyrillic script, qiniseka ukuba uqhelene nealfabhethi ekhethekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ulwimi.
3. Funda ukubiza kunye noxinzelelo-i-Tatar isebenzisa inkqubo enzima yokutshintsha kwezikhamiso kunye noxinzelelo kwiisilabhasi, ngoko uqhelise ukubiza kwakho kwaye ufunde ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezikhamiso ezixinzelelekileyo nezingaxinzelelekanga.
4. Ukuqhelana nemithetho yegrama esisiseko kunye nesakhiwo-ukuqonda kakuhle igrama esisiseko kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi kubalulekile xa kuziwa ekufundeni naluphi na ulwimi.
5. Mamela, ubukele kwaye ufunde-Ukumamela, ukubukela nokufunda ngesitatar kuya kukunceda ukuba uqhelane nesandi solwimi, kunye nokukunika ukuziqhelanisa nesigama kunye namabinzana.
6. Yiba neencoko-Ukuncokola rhoqo nomntu othetha isitatar yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi. Zama ukuthetha kancinci kwaye ngokucacileyo ekuqaleni kwaye ungoyiki ukwenza iimpazamo.