Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isijalimane?
Isijalimane siwulimi olusemthethweni Ejalimane, e-Austria, Eswitzerland, Eliechtenstein, Eluxembourg Naseningizimu tyrol e-Italy. Futhi ulimi olusemthethweni Ebelgium (Esifundeni Saseflemish), Enorth rhine-westphalia, nakwezinye izingxenye Zasejalimane. Isijalimane sikhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasempumalanga Yurophu, Njenge-Alsace Nelorraine Efrance, ezifundazweni ezithile Epoland, Eningizimu Jutland Edenmark, Esilesia eczech Republic, nakwezinye izindawo ezisemngceleni Enetherlands Nasehungary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isijalimane siwulimi oluncane olwaziwayo ezingxenyeni Ezithile Zase-Italy, Eromania, Ekazakhstan Nasenamibia.
Uyini umlando wolimi lwesijalimane?
Ulimi lwesijalimane luyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Indo-European futhi lungolunye lwezilimi ezindala Kunazo Zonke Eyurophu. Kukholakala ukuthi livela Olimini Lwesijalimane sokuqala, ulimi lwasendulo olwalukhulunywa abantu Basejalimane Basenyakatho Yurophu. Ngekhulu lesi-2 ad, lase likhule laba izilimi eziningana ezihlukene, ezaqhubeka ziguquka phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Ekhulwini lesi-9, izizwe Zamajalimane zahlanganiswa Ngaphansi Kukacharlemagne futhi ulimi lwazo lwaqala ukuvela njengendlela evamile yokuxhumana. Ngekhulu le-11, izinhlobo ezimbili zesijalimane Esidala Esiphakeme zavela njengolimi oluyinhloko lwezincwadi, izincwadi, namasiko; isijalimane Esiphakeme Esiphakathi ezifundeni eziphezulu Zaserhine Nase-Upper saxony, nesijalimane Esiphakeme Ebavariya nase-Austria.
Ekhulwini le-14, ukusungulwa kokunyathelisa nokwanda komshini wokunyathelisa kwasiza ekuvumelaniseni ulimi futhi kwaholela ekushicilelweni kwemisebenzi efana ne – “Grimm’ s law”, eyasungula imithetho yokubhala nokukhuluma ulimi.
Phakathi nenkathi yokuhlola nokukhanyiselwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwesijalimane sanamuhla kwaqala ngokwethula amagama amasha nohlelo lolimi olwenziwe lula. Ekhulwini le-19, ulimi lwesijalimane lwahlanganiswa, izilimi zesijalimane Esiphakathi nesiphezulu zaba ulimi olusemthethweni kuleli zwe. Lolu limi luyaqhubeka lukhula futhi lukhula nanamuhla futhi lungolunye lwezilimi ezikhulunywa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesijalimane?
1. Umartin luther (14831546): Umartin luther wayephethe ukudala isisekelo solimi lwesijalimane lwanamuhla ngokuhumushela Ibhayibheli olimini lwesijalimane nokuthuthukisa uhlobo olusha lokubhala olwalusebenzisa izilimi ezimbili eziyinhloko zesijalimane ngaleso sikhathi: isijalimane Esiphakeme Nesisaxon Esiphansi. Ithonya lakhe lisazwakala nanamuhla ekwakhiweni nasekubhalweni kolimi lwesijalimane.
2. Ujohann wolfgang Von Goethe (17491832): Ugoethe wayengumbongi odumile, umbhali wemidlalo yaseshashalazini, nombhali wamanoveli owasebenza ukuhlanganisa izilimi ezihlukahlukene zesijalimane zibe ulimi olulodwa olujwayelekile. Wabuye wasungula amagama amaningi esijalimane “engokuthi “schadenfreude”, “weltschmerz”, nelithi “landsknecht”. Kuze kube namuhla, imisebenzi yakhe isafundwa abantu abakhuluma isijalimane emhlabeni wonke.
3. Uheinrich himmler (19001945): Uhimmler wayeyisikhulu esinamandla Samanazi esaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesijalimane. Wayedume ngokuqamba amagama amasha nokunikeza amadala izincazelo ezintsha ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi ayavumelana nemibono Yamanazi, ngaleyo ndlela eqinisekisa ukuthi yayiyohlala isikhathi eside ngisho nangemva kokuwa kombuso.
4. U-Ulrich Ammon (1937-2006): U-Ammon wayengusosayensi wezilimi owafunda ukuthuthukiswa kolimi lwesijalimane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Wabhala izincwadi zohlelo lolimi nezincwadi, wasungula inhlangano Ideutsche Sprache E. V., futhi wakhonza njengomongameli Wenhlangano Yokucwaninga Kwezesayensi Nokubhalwa Kolimi lwesijalimane kusukela ngo-1982-2006.
5. Ufritz (Frederic) kempe (1945 -): Kempe uyisazi sezilimi sasejalimane esenze iminikelo ebalulekile olimini lwesijalimane, ikakhulukazi ngokuya nge-syntax. Ubhale izincwadi eziningi nge-syntax yesijalimane futhi imibono yakhe ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekutheni ulimi lwesijalimane lufundiswa kanjani ezikoleni.
Isakhiwo solimi lwesijalimane sinjani?
Isakhiwo solimi lwesijalimane singachazwa njengolimi lokuhlanganiswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isebenzisa izakhi zezilimi zokuhlaziya nezokwenziwa, okuholela ekuhlanganisweni kwayo, ubuningi, nokwehla okwakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningi zamagama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isijalimane sinezimo ezine eziyinhloko (isimelabizo, isimelabizo, isimelabizo, nesimelabizo), futhi izenzi zihlanganiswa ngokomuntu, inombolo, nesimo sengqondo.
Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesijalimane ngendlela efanele kakhulu?
1. Gxila: indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda isijalimane ukucwilisa wena kuyo ngangokunokwenzeka. Yenza umzamo wokuxhumana nabantu ngesijalimane, ubuke ithelevishini namafilimu asejalimane, futhi ulalele umsakazo wasejalimane. Chitha isikhathi nabantu abakhuluma isijalimane futhi baxoxe nabo ngesijalimane.
2. Thola Incwadi Enhle German: incwadi enhle angakusiza nge lolimi kanye silulumagama, futhi angakunika umzimba ukuzijayeza lokho ufunda.
3. Prakthiza Pronunciation Yakho: Pronunciation kuyisihluthulelo ukuba baqonde. Njengoba ufunda amagama amasha nemishwana ,ureiseka ukuzijayeza pronunciation yakho uze uzizwe uzethemba nalo.
4. Sebenzisa Imithombo Online: Kukhona eziningi amathuluzi ezinkulu online ukukusiza ufunde isijalimane. Bheka amawebhusayithi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinikeza izivivinyo ezisebenzisanayo, ukuqoshwa komsindo kwabakhuluma isijalimane bomdabu, nezinye izinsiza zokukusiza ufunde futhi usebenze.
5. Sebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe: kukhona zonke izinhlobo zokusebenza, ama-podcast, nezinye izinsiza ezisekelwe kwezobuchwepheshe ukukusiza uthuthukise amakhono akho olimi. Zama ukusebenzisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu zalezi njalo, ukunikeza izifundo zakho zolimi umfutho kwezobuchwepheshe.
6. Joyina Uhlelo Language Exchange: izinhlelo language exchange kukhona amathuba amahle kakhulu ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma nge bomdabu izikhulumi German futhi ngcono pronunciation yakho.
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