Isigrike Uzbek Guqulela

Njengenye yeelwimi zamandulo, inguqulelo yesigrike ibiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonxibelelwano kangangeenkulungwane. Ulwimi lwesigrike lunembali ende kunye nefuthe elikhulu kwiilwimi zanamhlanje, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Abaguquleli bamagrike badlala indima ephambili ekuvaleni umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko kunye nokubonelela ngokuchanekileyo kwentsingiselo yesicatshulwa.

Inguqulelo Yesigrike idla ngokwenziwa ukusuka kwisigrike Sale Mihla ukuya kolunye ulwimi. Ikwayenye yeelwimi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa Kwizizwe ezimanyeneyo nakwimibutho yezizwe ngezizwe. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yabaguquleli bamagrike iya isanda.

Isigrike lulwimi oluphucukileyo, oluneenguqu ezininzi zengingqi kunye nembali. Ngenxa yoko, abaguquleli abaziingcali kufuneka bakwazi ukuchonga amagama afanelekileyo ukudlulisela ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo okanye intsingiselo yesicatshulwa. Ngaphezu koko, bamele bahlale besexesheni ekuguquleleni kolwimi lwesigrike, ukuze baqinisekise ukuba iinguqulelo zabo zihlala zibalulekile yaye zinentsingiselo.

Ukongezelela ekuqondeni izinto ezintsonkothileyo zolwimi ngokwalo, abaguquleli bamele baqhelane nemibandela eyahlukahlukeneyo yenkcubeko – enjengesilamsi nezicatshulwa – ukuze bakwazi ukudlulisela kakuhle ithoni nendlela eqondwa ngayo imibhalo yantlandlolo. Ngokuxhomekeke kumongo, amanye amagama anokuba nentsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ngolwimi olunye kunolunye.

Ngokubanzi, umguquleli olungileyo wesigrike unokuwenza wonke umahluko phakathi kweprojekthi ephumelelayo yamazwe ngamazwe nokungaqondani okubiza imali eninzi. Xa uqesha umguquleli, amashishini kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba asebenza nengcali enamava eqonda izinto zolwimi lwesigrike kunye nazo naziphi na iziyelelane zommandla.

Ekugqibeleni, inguqulelo yesigrike-xa yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo-isisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu sempumelelo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngeqabane elifanelekileyo, amashishini anokuqiniseka ukuba umyalezo wabo uya kudluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo, ebavumela ukuba bavale ukwahlukana kwenkcubeko kwaye baxhamle kwintsebenziswano esebenzayo yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isigrike?

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Egrisi Nasecyprus. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci Ealbania, Ebulgaria, Emantla Emakedoni, Eromania, Eturkey Nase-Ukraine. Isigrike sikwathethwa linani elikhulu labaphambukeli kunye nabaphambukeli kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya Iunited States, Iostreliya Nasekhanada.

Yintoni isigrike sembali?

Ulwimi lwesigrike lunembali ende kwaye ityebile, luqala ngexesha Le-Mycenaean (1600-1100 BC), xa kwakuyindlela yokuqala Yesigrike. Isigrike samandulo yayilisebe losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Indo-European kwaye ithathwa njengesiseko sazo zonke iilwimi zanamhlanje Zaseyurophu. Iincwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ezibhalwe ngesigrike samandulo zaqala ukubonakala malunga ne-776 BC ngohlobo lwemibongo kunye namabali. Ngexesha Leklasikhi (i-5th ukuya kwi-4th century BC), ulwimi lwesigrike lwacokiswa lwaza lwavuthwa lwaba luhlobo lwalo lwakudala, olusisiseko sesigrike sanamhlanje.
Isigrike sathethwa ngendlela ethile okanye enye kude kube yinkulungwane ye-5 AD, xa yatshintshela ngokugqithiseleyo kwifom ye-demotic, ehlala isetyenziswa namhlanje njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwasegrisi. Ngexesha le-byzantine era (400-1453 AD), ulwimi oluphambili Kwi-Empuma Yamaroma yayilulwimi lwesigrike. Emva Kokuwa Kobukhosi Basebyzantium, isigrike sadlula ixesha lokuwa. Ngowe-1976, isigrike saba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni. Namhlanje, isigrike sesinye sezona lwimi zithethwa Kakhulu Eyurophu, ezinezithethi ezimalunga nezigidi ezili-15 zomthonyama.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesigrike?

1. Uhomer-uthathwa njengoyise wolwimi lwesigrike kunye noncwadi, ogama lakhe, I-Iliad Kunye Ne-Odyssey, yimisebenzi esisiseko yoncwadi Lwasentshona.
2. Uplato-isithandi sobulumko samandulo kuthiwa sazisa iingcamango ezintsha, amagama namabinzana kulwimi lwesigrike.
3. U-Aristotle-Akazange abhale ngokubanzi malunga nefilosofi kunye nesayensi kwisigrike sakhe somthonyama, kodwa abanye bakholelwa ukuba wayengowokuqala ukuguqula ulwimi.
4. Uhippocrates-Owaziwa Ngokuba Nguyise Wezamayeza, wabhala kakhulu ngesigrike, enempembelelo enkulu kwisigama sezonyango.
5. Demosthenes - esi sithethi sikhulu sabhala ngenkuthalo ngolwimi, kuquka iintetho ezininzi, amazwi neminye imisebenzi.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwesigrike?

Ubume bolwimi lwesigrike buchaphazeleka kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom ngokwendima yabo kwisivakalisi. Umzekelo, izibizo, izichazi, kunye nezimelabizo kufuneka zincitshiswe ukuze zibonise inani, isini, kunye netyala. Izenzi zidibaniswa ukubonisa ukuqina, ilizwi kunye nomoya. Ukongeza, amagama angaphakathi adla ngokutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kumongo afumaneka kuwo.

Indlela yokufunda isigrike ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thenga ikhosi elungileyo esisiseko ngesigrike: ikhosi elungileyo yokwazisa ngolwimi lwesigrike iya kukunika isishwankathelo solwimi kwaye ikufundise iziseko ezinje ngegrama, ukubiza, kunye nesigama.
2. Ukufunda ialfabhethi yesigrike linyathelo lokuqala lokuqonda amagama esigrike kunye namabinzana. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda oonobumba abakhulu nabasezantsi kwaye usebenzise ukubiza kwakho.
3. Funda amagama aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana: zama ukukhetha amanye amabinzana aqhelekileyo esigrike kunye namagama. Oku kubandakanya imibuliso kunye namagama aluncedo such ngo" molo", "sala kakuhle", "nceda", "enkosi", " ewe "kunye no "hayi".
4. Mamela umculo wesigrike: Ukumamela umculo wesigrike kunokukunceda ekukhetheni ukubizwa, isingqisho kunye nentetho yolwimi. Ikwakunika indlela ephilayo yokufunda ulwimi, njengoko ikuveza kwiingxoxo zobomi bokwenyani kunye neemeko.
5. Ukuziqhelanisa nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuba unokufikelela kwisithethi somthonyama sesigrike, ukuziqhelanisa nolwimi kunye nabo kubalulekile. Ukuthetha ngokuvakalayo kunye nokuncokola ngesigrike kukuvumela ukuba ufunde ngokukhawuleza ulwimi kwaye ulungise naziphi na iimpazamo ozenzayo.
6. Bhalisela iklasi yolwimi: Ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwisithethi sesigrike somthonyama, ukubhalisela iklasi yolwimi yindlela enhle yokufunda ulwimi. Uya kungqongwa ngabantu abakwisikhephe esinye njengawe kwaye oku kuya kukunika ithuba lokuziqhelanisa kwaye ubuze imibuzo malunga nolwimi.
7. Funda uncwadi lwesigrike: Ukufunda uncwadi lwakudala nolwanamhlanje lwesigrike kuya kukunika ukuqonda kulwimi kwaye kukuvumele ukuba ufumane ukuqonda okunzulu kwezinto zalo.
8. Bukela iimovie ZESIGRIKE KUNYE nemiboniso YETV: Ukubukela iimovie ZESIGRIKE kunye nemiboniso YETV kuya kukuvumela ukuba ubonakale kulwimi kwincoko yemihla ngemihla ukuze uqale ukuqonda ukuba kuthethwa njani.
9. Thatha Uhambo Oluya Egrisi: indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kukuntywila kwinkcubeko nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Ukuthatha Uhambo Oluya Egrisi kuya kukunika ithuba lokuziqhelanisa nolwimi kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye uthathe iziyelelane zommandla.

Inguqulelo yesiuzbek yinkqubo yokuguqulela amaxwebhu abhaliweyo, ukugqitha ilizwi, imultimedia, iiwebhusayithi, iifayile zomsindo, kunye nezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano kulwimi lwesiuzbek. Eyona njongo iphambili yokuguqulela isiuzbek ngabantu abathetha isiuzbek njengolwimi lwabo lokuqala, kuquka nabo bahlala Euzbekistan, Eafghanistan, Ekazakhstan nakwamanye Amazwe Akumbindi Asiya.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni kwe-Uzbek, umgangatho ubalulekile. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule ziya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziguqulelweyo zizandi zendalo kwaye azinazimpazamo. Abaguquleli kufuneka babe nokuqonda okubanzi kolwimi lwesiuzbek kunye nenkcubeko yenkcubeko, kunye nobuchule kwisigama esikhethekileyo esisetyenziswe kwisicatshulwa ekujoliswe kuso. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka nokufundeka, ingcali yeelwimi kufuneka iqhelane nesiuzbek kunye nolwimi lomthombo.

Kumashishini afuna ukufikelela kwimarike yaseuzbek, iprojekthi yokuguqulela eyenziwe kakuhle inokwenza wonke umahluko. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zokuthengisa, imiyalelo yemveliso, iiwebhusayithi, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zeshishini ziguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo, iinkampani zinokufikelela kwaye zisebenzisane nabaphulaphuli ngokubanzi. Ngaphezu koko, iinguqulelo zasekuhlaleni zinceda ekwakheni ukuthembana phakathi kweenkampani kunye nabathengi bazo ngokubonisa ukuba bathathe ixesha lokuhlangabezana neemfuno zolwimi zabaphulaphuli babo ekujoliswe kubo.

Kwiinguqulelo zoncwadi, ezinjengeencwadi, iimagazini, neeblogi, abaguquleli baseuzbek kufuneka babe nokuqonda okunzulu komthombo womthombo ukuze babambe intsingiselo yoqobo kwaye banike abafundi ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kwesicatshulwa. abaguquleli kufuneka baqaphele iimpembelelo zembali, ezopolitiko kunye nenkcubeko yamagama athile kunye namabinzana. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli aqhelane nealfabhethi yesiuzbek neendibano zawo zokubhala ezinxulumene noko.

Inguqulelo yesiuzbek yinzame entsonkothileyo nenesidima, efuna iingcali ezinobuchule kakhulu eziqonda ukubaluleka kokuchaneka nokucaca. Nokuba ujonge ukuguqulela iwebhusayithi, uxwebhu, ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo, okanye olunye uhlobo lonxibelelwano, ukuqesha inkonzo yokuguqulela yaseuzbek yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa isiphumo esiphumeleleyo.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiuzbek?

Uzbek uthetha E-Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Kwaye China.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesiuzbek?

Ulwimi lwesiuzbek lulwimi Lwasempuma Lwesiturkic olukwisebe Lasekarluk losapho lolwimi Lwesiturkic. Ithethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-25 abafumaneka ikakhulu Euzbekistan, Etajikistan, Ekyrgyzstan, Ekazakhstan nakwezinye iindawo Zeasia Ekumbindi Naserashiya.
Ifom yanamhlanje yolwimi lwesiuzbek yaqala ukukhula ngenkulungwane ye-18 ngexesha lokusekwa kwakhona kwelizwe Lasekhanate lasebukhara, eliyinxalenye yommandla othetha isiuzbek. Ngeli xesha, iqondo eliphezulu lempembelelo yamapersi longezwa kulwimi lwesiuzbek, oluye lwahlala luyinto ebalulekileyo unanamhla.
Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19, iinguqulelo ezazikhokelwa Nguemir Wasebukhara, Unasrullah Khan, zanceda ekusasazeni ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi zesiuzbek E-Emirate. Oku ikakhulu kungenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wokukhuthaza ukufunda nokubhala kwamapersi namaarabhu phakathi kwezifundo zakhe ukudala ubukhosi obumanyeneyo ngakumbi.
Ngowe-1924, ulwimi lwesiuzbek lwabhengezwa njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Esoviet Kumbindi Asia, yaye oonobumba Besicyrillic baqaliswa njengesiseko senkqubo yalo yokubhala. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa Kwesoviet Union ngo-1991, I-Uzbekistan yafumana inkululeko, eyenza i-Uzbek ulwimi lwayo lwaseburhulumenteni. Ukususela kwinkululeko, iinguqu ezininzi ziye zenziwa kulwimi nakwifomu yalo ebhaliweyo, kuquka ukuqaliswa kweskripthi sokubhala esisekelwe kwisilatini kunye nokusekwa Kwe-Uzbek Language Academy Ngo-1992.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiuzbek?

1. U-Alisher Navoi (1441-1501): I-Navoi yazisa ulwimi lwesiuzbek kwihlabathi elibhaliweyo. Indlela yakhe yokubhala kunye nokubhala yayimodeli yeembongi kunye nababhali bexesha elizayo.
2. U-abdurashid Ibrahimov (1922-2011): U-Ibrahimov wayeyingcali yeelwimi eyaziwayo yaseuzbek eyayinegalelo ekuphuhliseni i-orthography yanamhlanje kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni kwesipelingi kunye negrama.
3. Uzebunisa Jamalova (1928-2015): Ujamalova wayengomnye wabasetyhini bokuqala ukubhala ngolwimi lwesiuzbek kwaye imisebenzi yakhe ihlala inempembelelo namhlanje.
4. U-Muhandislar qulamov (1926-2002): U-Qulamov wayenoxanduva lokuphuhlisa i-alfabhethi yolwimi lwesiuzbek, esele yamkelwe ngamanye iilwimi ezininzi.
5. Usharof Rashidov (1904-1983): Urashidov ubizwa ngokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiuzbek ngexesha Lesoviet kwaye ayenze ibe yinxalenye yekharityhulam ezikolweni. Ukwathe ukhuthaze ukusetyenziswa koncwadi nenkcubeko yaseuzbek.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesiuzbek?

Ulwimi lwesiuzbek lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluyinxalenye yosapho Lwealtaic, oluquka isiturkish nesimongolia. Kubhalwe kwialfabhethi yesilatini kwaye inezinto ezithile zesiarabhu, isipersi nesirashiya. Ulwimi lunezandi ezisibhozo zezikhamiso, izandi ezingamashumi amabini anesibini, amadoda amathathu (indoda, ibhinqa, kunye ne-neuter), iimeko ezine (ukutyunjwa, ukutyhola, i-dative, kunye ne-genitive), izenzi ezine (ezikhoyo, ezidlulileyo, ezizayo kunye nexesha elidlulileyo), kunye nemiba emibini (ephelele kwaye engafezekanga). Umyalelo wegama ngokuyinhloko-Into-Isenzi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesiuzbek ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana utitshala ofanelekileyo okanye umhlohli ukuze ufunde ulwimi lwesiuzbek. Ukuba notitshala oqeqeshiweyo okanye umhlohli kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ufunda ulwimi ngokuchanekileyo nangesantya sakho.
2. Zinike ixesha lokufunda. Zama ukubekela bucala ixesha suku ngalunye ukuze uziqhelise uze uhlolisise umbandela owufundayo.
3. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi. Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi kunye neeapps zeselfowuni ezibonelela ngezifundo kunye nokuzilolonga ekufundeni ulwimi lwesiuzbek.
4. Funda amabinzana ancokolayo kuqala. Kubalulekile ukuba ugxile ekufundeni amabinzana asisiseko okuncokola ngaphambi kokuba uye kwizihloko ezinzima zegrama.
5. Mamela umculo waseuzbek kwaye ubukele iifilimu zase-Uzbek KUNYE nemiboniso YETV. Ukumamela umculo, iividiyo, kunye neefilimu yindlela entle yokuzifaka kulwimi nakwinkcubeko.
6. Nxibelelana nezithethi zomthonyama. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, zama ukufumana isithethi somthonyama saseuzbek esinokukunceda uziqhelanise nokuthetha nokubhala ngolwimi.