Isigrike Welsh Guqulela

Njengenye yeelwimi zamandulo, inguqulelo yesigrike ibiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonxibelelwano kangangeenkulungwane. Ulwimi lwesigrike lunembali ende kunye nefuthe elikhulu kwiilwimi zanamhlanje, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Abaguquleli bamagrike badlala indima ephambili ekuvaleni umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko kunye nokubonelela ngokuchanekileyo kwentsingiselo yesicatshulwa.

Inguqulelo Yesigrike idla ngokwenziwa ukusuka kwisigrike Sale Mihla ukuya kolunye ulwimi. Ikwayenye yeelwimi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa Kwizizwe ezimanyeneyo nakwimibutho yezizwe ngezizwe. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yabaguquleli bamagrike iya isanda.

Isigrike lulwimi oluphucukileyo, oluneenguqu ezininzi zengingqi kunye nembali. Ngenxa yoko, abaguquleli abaziingcali kufuneka bakwazi ukuchonga amagama afanelekileyo ukudlulisela ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo okanye intsingiselo yesicatshulwa. Ngaphezu koko, bamele bahlale besexesheni ekuguquleleni kolwimi lwesigrike, ukuze baqinisekise ukuba iinguqulelo zabo zihlala zibalulekile yaye zinentsingiselo.

Ukongezelela ekuqondeni izinto ezintsonkothileyo zolwimi ngokwalo, abaguquleli bamele baqhelane nemibandela eyahlukahlukeneyo yenkcubeko – enjengesilamsi nezicatshulwa – ukuze bakwazi ukudlulisela kakuhle ithoni nendlela eqondwa ngayo imibhalo yantlandlolo. Ngokuxhomekeke kumongo, amanye amagama anokuba nentsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ngolwimi olunye kunolunye.

Ngokubanzi, umguquleli olungileyo wesigrike unokuwenza wonke umahluko phakathi kweprojekthi ephumelelayo yamazwe ngamazwe nokungaqondani okubiza imali eninzi. Xa uqesha umguquleli, amashishini kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba asebenza nengcali enamava eqonda izinto zolwimi lwesigrike kunye nazo naziphi na iziyelelane zommandla.

Ekugqibeleni, inguqulelo yesigrike-xa yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo-isisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu sempumelelo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngeqabane elifanelekileyo, amashishini anokuqiniseka ukuba umyalezo wabo uya kudluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo, ebavumela ukuba bavale ukwahlukana kwenkcubeko kwaye baxhamle kwintsebenziswano esebenzayo yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isigrike?

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Egrisi Nasecyprus. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci Ealbania, Ebulgaria, Emantla Emakedoni, Eromania, Eturkey Nase-Ukraine. Isigrike sikwathethwa linani elikhulu labaphambukeli kunye nabaphambukeli kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya Iunited States, Iostreliya Nasekhanada.

Yintoni isigrike sembali?

Ulwimi lwesigrike lunembali ende kwaye ityebile, luqala ngexesha Le-Mycenaean (1600-1100 BC), xa kwakuyindlela yokuqala Yesigrike. Isigrike samandulo yayilisebe losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Indo-European kwaye ithathwa njengesiseko sazo zonke iilwimi zanamhlanje Zaseyurophu. Iincwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ezibhalwe ngesigrike samandulo zaqala ukubonakala malunga ne-776 BC ngohlobo lwemibongo kunye namabali. Ngexesha Leklasikhi (i-5th ukuya kwi-4th century BC), ulwimi lwesigrike lwacokiswa lwaza lwavuthwa lwaba luhlobo lwalo lwakudala, olusisiseko sesigrike sanamhlanje.
Isigrike sathethwa ngendlela ethile okanye enye kude kube yinkulungwane ye-5 AD, xa yatshintshela ngokugqithiseleyo kwifom ye-demotic, ehlala isetyenziswa namhlanje njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwasegrisi. Ngexesha le-byzantine era (400-1453 AD), ulwimi oluphambili Kwi-Empuma Yamaroma yayilulwimi lwesigrike. Emva Kokuwa Kobukhosi Basebyzantium, isigrike sadlula ixesha lokuwa. Ngowe-1976, isigrike saba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni. Namhlanje, isigrike sesinye sezona lwimi zithethwa Kakhulu Eyurophu, ezinezithethi ezimalunga nezigidi ezili-15 zomthonyama.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesigrike?

1. Uhomer-uthathwa njengoyise wolwimi lwesigrike kunye noncwadi, ogama lakhe, I-Iliad Kunye Ne-Odyssey, yimisebenzi esisiseko yoncwadi Lwasentshona.
2. Uplato-isithandi sobulumko samandulo kuthiwa sazisa iingcamango ezintsha, amagama namabinzana kulwimi lwesigrike.
3. U-Aristotle-Akazange abhale ngokubanzi malunga nefilosofi kunye nesayensi kwisigrike sakhe somthonyama, kodwa abanye bakholelwa ukuba wayengowokuqala ukuguqula ulwimi.
4. Uhippocrates-Owaziwa Ngokuba Nguyise Wezamayeza, wabhala kakhulu ngesigrike, enempembelelo enkulu kwisigama sezonyango.
5. Demosthenes - esi sithethi sikhulu sabhala ngenkuthalo ngolwimi, kuquka iintetho ezininzi, amazwi neminye imisebenzi.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwesigrike?

Ubume bolwimi lwesigrike buchaphazeleka kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom ngokwendima yabo kwisivakalisi. Umzekelo, izibizo, izichazi, kunye nezimelabizo kufuneka zincitshiswe ukuze zibonise inani, isini, kunye netyala. Izenzi zidibaniswa ukubonisa ukuqina, ilizwi kunye nomoya. Ukongeza, amagama angaphakathi adla ngokutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kumongo afumaneka kuwo.

Indlela yokufunda isigrike ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thenga ikhosi elungileyo esisiseko ngesigrike: ikhosi elungileyo yokwazisa ngolwimi lwesigrike iya kukunika isishwankathelo solwimi kwaye ikufundise iziseko ezinje ngegrama, ukubiza, kunye nesigama.
2. Ukufunda ialfabhethi yesigrike linyathelo lokuqala lokuqonda amagama esigrike kunye namabinzana. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda oonobumba abakhulu nabasezantsi kwaye usebenzise ukubiza kwakho.
3. Funda amagama aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana: zama ukukhetha amanye amabinzana aqhelekileyo esigrike kunye namagama. Oku kubandakanya imibuliso kunye namagama aluncedo such ngo" molo", "sala kakuhle", "nceda", "enkosi", " ewe "kunye no "hayi".
4. Mamela umculo wesigrike: Ukumamela umculo wesigrike kunokukunceda ekukhetheni ukubizwa, isingqisho kunye nentetho yolwimi. Ikwakunika indlela ephilayo yokufunda ulwimi, njengoko ikuveza kwiingxoxo zobomi bokwenyani kunye neemeko.
5. Ukuziqhelanisa nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuba unokufikelela kwisithethi somthonyama sesigrike, ukuziqhelanisa nolwimi kunye nabo kubalulekile. Ukuthetha ngokuvakalayo kunye nokuncokola ngesigrike kukuvumela ukuba ufunde ngokukhawuleza ulwimi kwaye ulungise naziphi na iimpazamo ozenzayo.
6. Bhalisela iklasi yolwimi: Ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwisithethi sesigrike somthonyama, ukubhalisela iklasi yolwimi yindlela enhle yokufunda ulwimi. Uya kungqongwa ngabantu abakwisikhephe esinye njengawe kwaye oku kuya kukunika ithuba lokuziqhelanisa kwaye ubuze imibuzo malunga nolwimi.
7. Funda uncwadi lwesigrike: Ukufunda uncwadi lwakudala nolwanamhlanje lwesigrike kuya kukunika ukuqonda kulwimi kwaye kukuvumele ukuba ufumane ukuqonda okunzulu kwezinto zalo.
8. Bukela iimovie ZESIGRIKE KUNYE nemiboniso YETV: Ukubukela iimovie ZESIGRIKE kunye nemiboniso YETV kuya kukuvumela ukuba ubonakale kulwimi kwincoko yemihla ngemihla ukuze uqale ukuqonda ukuba kuthethwa njani.
9. Thatha Uhambo Oluya Egrisi: indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kukuntywila kwinkcubeko nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Ukuthatha Uhambo Oluya Egrisi kuya kukunika ithuba lokuziqhelanisa nolwimi kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye uthathe iziyelelane zommandla.

Inguqulelo yesiwelsh yinkonzo ebalulekileyo kubemi Basewelsh, enika unxibelelwano ngaphakathi nangaphandle kolwimi Lwesiwelsh. Le yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomphakathi wolwimi Lwesixhosa, Kunye Newales xa zizonke.

Njengenye yeelwimi ezindala eziphilayo Eyurophu, Iwelsh inelifa elityebileyo ekufuneka ligcinwe kwaye lihlonitshwe. Ngokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle Kweelwimi, izithethi zomthonyama Zasewelsh zinokuhlala ziyinxalenye yabantu behlabathi, ngelixa zifumana ukufikelela kulwazi kunye nezixhobo ezingafumanekiyo ngolwimi lwazo lweenkobe.

Xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela Yasewales, kubalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba inkampani oyikhethayo inamava kwiinguqulelo Zesiwelsh. Kwangaxeshanye, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba nawuphi na umguquleli ubhalisiwe nequmrhu elilawulayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wokuguqulela uphezulu.

Ngokuchaneka, kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba umguquleli Wasewelsh uneziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo kunye namava ekuguquleleni ukusuka Kwisingesi ukuya kolunye ulwimi, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Oku kuyakuqinisekisa ukuba nakuphi na ukungangqinelani okanye iimpazamo kuyathintelwa, ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukuba inkonzo yokuguqulela ichanekile kwaye ihlaziyiwe ngesigama samva Nje Sasewelsh.

Xa kuziwa ekufumaneni umguquleli Wasewales, zininzi iinkampani kunye neenkonzo ezikhoyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uthenge ngeenxa zonke kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ufumana ixabiso elifanelekileyo lemali, kunye nokujonga iziqinisekiso kunye nodumo lwawo nawuphi na umguquleli.

Ukongeza kwiinguqulelo, kufanelekile ukuqwalasela naziphi na iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo ezinokubonelelwa yinkampani yokuguqulela Yasewales. Umzekelo, iinkampani ezininzi zibonelela ngokufunda, ukuhlela kunye nokufomatha iinkonzo, ezinokuthi zibonakalise ukuba zixabisekile ukuba ungenisa amaxwebhu kudliwanondlebe lomsebenzi obalulekileyo okanye imbalelwano yeshishini.

Ekugqibeleni, i-Welsh translation yinkonzo exabisekileyo evumela izithethi zase-Welsh ukuba zibandakanyeke ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi elibanzi, ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho wolwimi lwazo. Umguquleli othembekileyo nonamava uya kuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu Asewelsh anikwa intlonipho ayifaneleyo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isijamani?

Ulwimi Lwesiwelsh luthethwa ikakhulu Ewales, nangona kukho ezinye izithethi Zesiwelsh Engilani, Escotland, Eireland nakwamanye amazwe.

Yintoni Imbali Yesingesi?

Kukholelwa ukuba ulwimi Lwase-Welsh luye lwavela Kwi-Brythonic, ulwimi oluthethwa Ebrithani Ngaphambi Kokuhlasela Kwamaroma ngo-ad 43. Ngenkulungwane ye-6, yayisele ikhule Yaba Yi-Old Welsh, eyayisetyenziswa kwimibongo kunye noncwadi kude kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-11. I-Middle Welsh yavela kwinkulungwane ye-12th, ilandelwa Yi-Modern Welsh ngenkulungwane ye-15 neye-16th. Umthetho wolwimi Lwesiwelsh 1993 wanika iwelsh language status Ewales kwaye namhlanje ngaphezu kwe-20% yezithethi Zesiwelsh zisebenzisa ekhaya.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesixhosa?

1. Usanta David (malunga no-500 AD): umxhasi ongcwele Wasewales kunye nomsunguli wee-monasteries ezininzi, ubizwa ngokuba unceda ekusasazeni ulwimi Lwesiwelsh kunye noncwadi lwayo.
2. Uwilliam Salesbury (1520– 1584): wapapasha esinye sezichazi-magama zokuqala Zesiwelsh, Isichazi-Magama Ngesingesi Nesiwelshe (1547), kwaye sasingumntu onegalelo ekudaleni nasekukhuthazeni uhlobo oluqhelekileyo Lwesiwelsh.
3. Udafydd Nanmor (1700-1766): imbongi enempembelelo, wancedisa ekusekeni uncwadi Lwasewales ngokuguqulela imisebenzi yababhali abadumileyo besingesi Kwisiles.
4. I-Lady Charlotte Guest (1812– 1895): uyaziwa kakhulu ngeenguqulelo zakhe zokuqokelelwa kwamabali Asewelsh aziwa ngokuba Yi-Mabinogion.
5. Usaunders Lewis (1893– 1985): imbongi edumileyo yolwimi Lwasewelsh, umbhali wemidlalo, kunye netshantliziyo lezopolitiko, wayengumxhasi ophambili wokwandisa ubume bolwimi Lwasewelsh kunye nenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu Basewelsh.

Ulwakhiwo Njani ulwimi Welsh?

Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni luvela kwisebe Le-Brythonic leelwimi Zesiceltic. Lulwimi oluchaphazeleke kakhulu, ikakhulu luneendlela ezimbini zokudibanisa isenzi kunye nesibizo. Izibizo ze-Welsh ziphawulwe ngesini (ubudoda, ubufazi, kunye ne-neuter) kunye nenani (isinye kunye nesininzi). Izenzi E-Welsh zinamaxesha asibhozo kunye nemiba emine, kwaye zineefom zangaphambili nangaphambili.

Indlela yokufunda Isingesi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngekhosi yolwimi-Nokuba yikhosi ekwi-intanethi, incwadi okanye iklasi kwikholeji yasekuhlaleni okanye iqela loluntu, ukuthatha ikhosi kunokuba yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokufunda I-Welsh ngendlela eyakhiweyo nechanekileyo.
2. Fumana abahlobo abathetha imveli-Ukuba nezithethi zomthonyama Zasewales onokuziqhelanisa nazo kubaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo.
3. Mamela umculo Wasewales kwaye ubukele I-Tv Yasewales-Ukumamela kunye nokubukela izithethi zomthonyama Zasewales ziya kukunceda uthathe ubizo oluchanekileyo kunye namagama amatsha!
4. Ukufunda iincwadi kunye namaphephandaba Kwi-Welsh-Ukufunda kuyindlela enhle yokwakha isigama kunye nokufumana ukuqonda okungcono kwendlela I-Welsh isebenza ngayo.
5. Ntywiliselwa kwinkcubeko-ulwimi Lwasewelsh lufakwe ngokuqinileyo kwinkcubeko, ke qiniseka ukuba undwendwela Iwales kwaye wonwabele umculo wayo owodwa, iminyhadala, ukutya kunye nemisebenzi.