Bashkir Isijapanese Guqulela

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi Lwakudala Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ngabantu basebashkir Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan, Erashiya. Lilungu leqela le-Kipchak leelwimi Zaseturkey, kwaye lithetha ngabantu abamalunga ne-1.5 yezigidi.

I-Bashkir lulwimi olwahlukeneyo, kunye neelwimi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezithethwa Kwiriphabhlikhi. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuguqulela ukusuka nokuya ebashkir kube ngumsebenzi onzima ngokwentelekiso. Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweelwimi ezinokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuguqulela, njengokuphela kwamagama ahlukeneyo kunye notshintsho kubizo.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuguqulelwa okuchanileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ube nezithethi zomthonyama zasebashkir eziqonda izinto zolwimi. Aba baguquleli bafanele baziqonde kakuhle iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye bakwazi ukuthabatha kwanezona zahlukahlukano zifihlakeleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto abaguquleli abaziingcali behlala bethandwa xa kufikwa kwinguqulelo yebashkir.

Xa ujonga umguquleli webashkir, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Amava ngundoqo; umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi lomthombo kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo, kunye nokuqonda imeko yenkcubeko. Kukwabalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli unolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo lwesigama esisetyenziswa kulwimi, njengoko oku kunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngokubanzi, uguqulelo lwebashkir lufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nobuchule, kunye nokuqonda iilwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Kubalulekile ukuqesha umguquleli onamava kwaye onolwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba intsingiselo ekujoliswe kuyo idluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasebashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir ngokuyinhloko luthethwa Erashiya, nangona kukho inani elincinci lezithethi Ekazakhstan, Eukraine Naseuzbekistan.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesibashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan, ekwingingqi Yeentaba Zeural yaserashiya. Olu lolona lwimi lusemthethweni Kwiriphabliki kwaye lukwathethwa ngamanye amalungu e-Udmurt minority ekufuphi. Olu lwimi luye lwasetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezindala Zaseturkey ezisathethwayo namhlanje.
Iirekhodi zokuqala ezibhaliweyo zolwimi lwesibashkir zibuyela emva kwekhulu le-16. Ngeli xesha, i-Arabic ne-persia yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, ibashkir yaba lulwimi olubhaliweyo lwabancinci abahlukeneyo kulo mmandla. Yayisetyenziswa nakwimisebenzi yesayensi, eyanceda ukuba isasazeke kuwo wonke ummandla.
Ngexesha Lesoviet, ulwimi lwasebashkir lwachaphazeleka kakhulu yimpembelelo yaserussia. Amagama amaninzi asebashkir athatyathelw ' indawo ngamagama abo aserashiya. Ulwimi lwafundiswa nasezikolweni kwaye kwakukho umzamo wokudala i-alfabhethi yebashkir edibeneyo.
Kwixesha Lasemva Kwesoviet, ibashkir ibone ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye kubekho umzamo owandisiweyo wokugcina ulwimi. Abantu abaninzi ngoku bafunda ibashkir njengolwimi lwesibini, kwaye urhulumente Weriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan wenza iinzame ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa ukusinda kolwimi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesibashkir?

1. U-Ildar Gabdrafikov-imbongi, umshicileli, kunye nombhali weskripthi, wayengumntu obalulekileyo kuncwadi lwesibashkir kunye nokuvuselelwa kolwimi lwesibashkir.
2. Unikolay Galikhanov-umphengululi wasebashkir kunye nembongi, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ebashkir kwaye uthathwa njengomseki wesayensi yanamhlanje yasebashkir.
3. Udamir Ismagilov - isifundiswa, ifilosofi kunye neelwimi, wasebenza ngokubanzi ukwandisa izinga lokufunda phakathi kwezithethi zasebashkir kwaye waqulunqa imisebenzi emininzi ebhaliweyo ngolwimi lwasebashkir.
4. Asker Aimbetov-imbongi yasebashkir, umbhali kunye nezifundo, wayengomnye wamanani aphambili kulwimi lwesibashkir kunye noncwadi, kwaye wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi.
5. I-Irek Yakhina-umbhali odumileyo wasebashkir kunye nomdlali wokudlala, imisebenzi yakhe ayaziwa Kuphela Erashiya kodwa kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye wenze okuninzi ukwenza ulwimi lwasebashkir lufikeleleke ngakumbi kubafundi.

Njani ulwimi lwesibashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi oluguqukayo lwesebe Lasekipchak losapho Lweelwimi Zaseturkey. Ibonakaliswa kukusetyenziswa kwezimamva kunye nezandi ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa imisebenzi yegrama. I-Bashkir nayo inenkqubo etyebileyo ye-consonants kunye nezikhamiso, kunye nezakhiwo ze-syllabic kunye ne-adverbial ezenza isakhiwo sayo sonke.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasebashkir ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Ziqhelanise ne-Bashkir alfabhethi kunye nokubiza. Eli linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ukuba uqala ukufunda ibashkir. Qala ngokufunda ezinye iitekisi ezisisiseko kwibashkir kwaye uziqhelanise nokubiza unobumba ngamnye ngokuchanekileyo.
2. Zama ukufumana umhlohli okanye ikhosi. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kukufumana umyalelo omnye kunye nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, jonga kwizifundo zendawo, okanye izifundo zomsindo kunye nevidiyo, ukukunceda ufunde ulwimi.
3. Funda, mamela kwaye ubukele izinto ezininzi ebashkir. Njengoko ufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya ngolwimi, qhubeka ufunda kwaye umamele amajelo eendaba ebashkir. Zama ukufumana ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo, uncwadi, iifilimu kunye neengoma ngesibashkir kwaye uzicwilise ngolwimi.
4. Fumana ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha ibashkir. Fumana iqabane onokuziqhelanisa nalo, okanye ujoyine iforum ekwi-intanethi apho abantu bathetha khona ibashkir. Ungesabi ukwenza iimpazamo - oku kukufunda!
5. Qhubeka ufunda. Nokuba uziva ukhululekile kwiziseko, kuhlala kukho into entsha onokuyifunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Qhubeka ufunda, mamela kwaye ubukele izinto ezininzi ebashkir kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Inguqulelo yasejapan yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi kunye nemibutho, kokubini Ejapan nakwamanye amazwe. Ngabemi bebonke abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-128, Ijapan lolona qoqosho lweshumi ngobukhulu emhlabeni kwaye yenye yezona ntengiso zinobunkunkqele kwihlabathi, isenza ukuba ibe ngumdlali obalulekileyo kwishishini lehlabathi.

Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani ezininzi ezifuna ukwenza ishishini Ejapan zixhomekeke kwiinkonzo zabaguquleli abanezakhono ukuze badlulisele imiyalezo yabo kubaphulaphuli bomthonyama. Kuxhomekeka kwiprojekthi, oku kunokubandakanya ukuguqulela amaxwebhu afana nezivumelwano zeshishini, iincwadi, izinto zentengiso, okanye umxholo wewebhusayithi.

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni umguquleli, kukho izinto ezimbalwa eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Okokuqala, uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba batyibilika Ngokutyibilikayo kokubini Isijapan kunye nesingesi, lolona lwimi lweshishini lamanye amazwe eliqhutywa kulo. Ukongeza, uguqulelo Lwasejapan lufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kweenkcubeko zombini kunye nokukwazi ukudlulisa ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu zolwimi ngalunye. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela amava omguquleli kunye nolwazi malunga nomxholo okhoyo.

Ukongeza ekuziqhelaniseni neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulela kunye nokukhetha umguquleli, kubalulekile ukumisela ubungakanani bexesha kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukugqiba umsebenzi. Ukuba ixesha elibekiweyo liyakhula okanye kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziguqulelwe, kunokuba ngcono ukukhupha le projekthi kwiqela lezithethi zasejapan zomthonyama. Ayizukunceda kuphela ukonga ixesha kunye nemali, kodwa umgangatho wemveliso uya kuba phezulu kakhulu.

Nangona Kunjalo, Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba Igama Lesijapane alikho nje amagama. Iinguqulelo eziyimpumelelo zifuna ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo iinkcubeko ezimbini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka nokuchaneka. Amashishini ajonge ukwandisa kwimarike Yasejapan kufuneka ke atyale imali kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela ezithenjiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo yabo ivakala nabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isijapanese?

Isijapanese kuthethwa Ikakhulu Kwi-Japan, kodwa kanjalo kuthethwa kwamanye amazwe kwaye territories kuquka I-Taiwan, I-South Korea, I-Philippines, Palau, I-Northern Mariana Islands, Micronesia, Hawaii, Hong Kong, Singapore, Macau, East Timor, Brunei, kwaye iindawo i-United states ezifana California Kwaye Hawaii.

Yintoni Isijapanese ulwimi?

Imbali yolwimi Lwasejapan intsonkothile kwaye inobubanzi obahlukeneyo. Ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokuqala bolwimi Olufana nolwimi Lwangoku Lwasejapan lubuyela kwikhulu le-8 AD. Nangona kunjalo, kukholelwa Ukuba Ulwimi Lukhona Ejapan ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, mhlawumbi luvela kulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu Basejōmon.
Ulwimi Lwasejapan lwaphenjelelwa Kakhulu Ngamatshayina ngexesha elaziwa njengexesha Le-Heian (794-1185), eyabona ukuqaliswa kwesigama Sesitshayina, inkqubo yokubhala, kunye nokunye. Ngexesha Le-Edo (1603-1868), ulwimi Lwasejapan lwaluphuhlise ifom yalo ekhethekileyo, kunye neseti eyahlukileyo yegrama kunye nenkqubo yokubhala.
Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-19, urhulumente wamkela umgaqo-nkqubo wokungenisa amagama Asentshona kunye nokuguqula amagama asejapan akhoyo abe yimali mboleko, ngelixa ephucula ulwimi Lwasejapan ngamagama emali - mboleko avela kwisingesi. Le nkqubo iqhubekile kwinkulungwane yama-21, ikhokelela kuhlobo Lwesijapan olwahluke kakhulu ngokwesigama kunye neempawu zolwimi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasejapan?

1. I-Kojiki-enye yamaxwebhu amadala abhaliweyo Ngesijapan, I-Kojiki ukuhlanganiswa kweentsomi kunye neentsomi ezivela kwiintsomi zasejapan. Yaqulunqwa Yi-Oum No Yasumaro ngekhulu le-7 kwaye ngumthombo oxabisekileyo wokuqonda ukuphuhliswa kolwimi Lwasejapan.
2. I-Prince Shoutoku Taishi (574-622) ikhuthazwa ngokukhuthaza ukusasazeka Kobubuddha Ejapan, ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yokuqala yokubhala Ngesijapan, kunye nokwazisa abalinganiswa Basetshayina kulwimi.
3. Abaphengululi be – Nara-ngexesha Le-Nara (710-784) inani labaphengululi laqulunqa izichazi-magama kunye negrama ezanceda ukuguqula ulwimi Lwasejapan kwaye lusete njengolwimi olubhaliweyo.
4. Umurasaki Shikibu-Murasaki Shikibu wayengumlobi owaziwayo Wexesha Le-Heian (794-1185) kwaye imibhalo yakhe ibizwa ngokunceda ukupapasha Isijapane soncwadi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiincwadi.
5. I-Hakuun Ryoko (1199-1286) yaziwa ngokuzisa inkqubo yokubhala Yasetshayina esetyenziswa kakhulu ngexesha Lekamakura (1185-1333). Le nkqubo ibe nefuthe ekuguqukeni kolwimi Lwasejapan, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kweempawu zesilabhasi zesijapane.

Njani Ulwimi Lwasejapan lwasejapan?

Ulwimi Lwasejapan lulwimi oludumileyo olusebenzisa inkqubo yamasuntswana, ancanyathiselwe kumagama kunye namabinzana, ukubonisa ubudlelwane begrama. Lulwimi lwe-agglutinative, okuthetha ukuba ludibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya izibizo, izichazi, izenzi kunye nezenzi ezincedisayo ukwenza amagama anzima kunye namabinzana. Ukongeza, inenkqubo ye-pitch-accent apho i-pitch ye-syllables inokutshintsha intsingiselo yegama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwasejapan ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni: Qala ngokuzibekela usukelo onokulufikelela, njengokufunda ukuzazisa, ukubala ukuya kwishumi, nokubhala ialfabhethi esisiseko yehiragana nekatakana.
2. Funda inkqubo yokubhala: ukuze ukwazi ukufunda, ukubhala nokunxibelelana Ngesijapan, kufuneka ufunde i-alphabets ezimbini zefonetiki, i-hiragana kunye ne-katakana, uze uqhubekele kubalinganiswa Be-Kanji.
3. Mamela kwaye uphinde: Ziqhelise ukumamela nokuphinda amabinzana Asejapan, ukuqala ngamagama alula kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ukwandisa ukuntsonkotha. Zama ukuxelisa isingqisho nesingqisho sesithethi.
4. Sebenzisa Isijapanese kangangoko kunokwenzeka: Thatha lonke ithuba lokusebenzisa Isijapan kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla ukuze uzithembe ngakumbi ngolwimi oluthethwayo.
5. Funda amaphephandaba Asejapan kunye neemagazini: Zama ukufunda amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini Ngesijapan ukuze uqhelane nendlela ebhalwe ngayo kunye nesigama esiqhelekileyo esisetyenziswayo.
6. Sebenzisa itekhnoloji: sebenzisa iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi ukukunceda ufunde ulwimi, Njengo-Anki okanye Uwanikani.
7. Yazi inkcubeko: Ukuqonda inkcubeko kunceda ukuqonda ulwimi, ngoko zama ukubukela iifilimu Zasejapan, mamela umculo Wasejapan kwaye, ukuba unako, visit Ijapan.
8. Thetha nezithethi zomthonyama: Ukuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama kunceda ukuphucula ukubizwa kwakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi.