Bashkir Mari Guqulela

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi Lwakudala Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ngabantu basebashkir Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan, Erashiya. Lilungu leqela le-Kipchak leelwimi Zaseturkey, kwaye lithetha ngabantu abamalunga ne-1.5 yezigidi.

I-Bashkir lulwimi olwahlukeneyo, kunye neelwimi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezithethwa Kwiriphabhlikhi. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuguqulela ukusuka nokuya ebashkir kube ngumsebenzi onzima ngokwentelekiso. Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweelwimi ezinokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuguqulela, njengokuphela kwamagama ahlukeneyo kunye notshintsho kubizo.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuguqulelwa okuchanileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ube nezithethi zomthonyama zasebashkir eziqonda izinto zolwimi. Aba baguquleli bafanele baziqonde kakuhle iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye bakwazi ukuthabatha kwanezona zahlukahlukano zifihlakeleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto abaguquleli abaziingcali behlala bethandwa xa kufikwa kwinguqulelo yebashkir.

Xa ujonga umguquleli webashkir, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Amava ngundoqo; umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi lomthombo kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo, kunye nokuqonda imeko yenkcubeko. Kukwabalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli unolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo lwesigama esisetyenziswa kulwimi, njengoko oku kunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngokubanzi, uguqulelo lwebashkir lufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nobuchule, kunye nokuqonda iilwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Kubalulekile ukuqesha umguquleli onamava kwaye onolwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba intsingiselo ekujoliswe kuyo idluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasebashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir ngokuyinhloko luthethwa Erashiya, nangona kukho inani elincinci lezithethi Ekazakhstan, Eukraine Naseuzbekistan.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesibashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan, ekwingingqi Yeentaba Zeural yaserashiya. Olu lolona lwimi lusemthethweni Kwiriphabliki kwaye lukwathethwa ngamanye amalungu e-Udmurt minority ekufuphi. Olu lwimi luye lwasetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezindala Zaseturkey ezisathethwayo namhlanje.
Iirekhodi zokuqala ezibhaliweyo zolwimi lwesibashkir zibuyela emva kwekhulu le-16. Ngeli xesha, i-Arabic ne-persia yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, ibashkir yaba lulwimi olubhaliweyo lwabancinci abahlukeneyo kulo mmandla. Yayisetyenziswa nakwimisebenzi yesayensi, eyanceda ukuba isasazeke kuwo wonke ummandla.
Ngexesha Lesoviet, ulwimi lwasebashkir lwachaphazeleka kakhulu yimpembelelo yaserussia. Amagama amaninzi asebashkir athatyathelw ' indawo ngamagama abo aserashiya. Ulwimi lwafundiswa nasezikolweni kwaye kwakukho umzamo wokudala i-alfabhethi yebashkir edibeneyo.
Kwixesha Lasemva Kwesoviet, ibashkir ibone ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye kubekho umzamo owandisiweyo wokugcina ulwimi. Abantu abaninzi ngoku bafunda ibashkir njengolwimi lwesibini, kwaye urhulumente Weriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan wenza iinzame ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa ukusinda kolwimi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesibashkir?

1. U-Ildar Gabdrafikov-imbongi, umshicileli, kunye nombhali weskripthi, wayengumntu obalulekileyo kuncwadi lwesibashkir kunye nokuvuselelwa kolwimi lwesibashkir.
2. Unikolay Galikhanov-umphengululi wasebashkir kunye nembongi, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ebashkir kwaye uthathwa njengomseki wesayensi yanamhlanje yasebashkir.
3. Udamir Ismagilov - isifundiswa, ifilosofi kunye neelwimi, wasebenza ngokubanzi ukwandisa izinga lokufunda phakathi kwezithethi zasebashkir kwaye waqulunqa imisebenzi emininzi ebhaliweyo ngolwimi lwasebashkir.
4. Asker Aimbetov-imbongi yasebashkir, umbhali kunye nezifundo, wayengomnye wamanani aphambili kulwimi lwesibashkir kunye noncwadi, kwaye wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi.
5. I-Irek Yakhina-umbhali odumileyo wasebashkir kunye nomdlali wokudlala, imisebenzi yakhe ayaziwa Kuphela Erashiya kodwa kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye wenze okuninzi ukwenza ulwimi lwasebashkir lufikeleleke ngakumbi kubafundi.

Njani ulwimi lwesibashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi oluguqukayo lwesebe Lasekipchak losapho Lweelwimi Zaseturkey. Ibonakaliswa kukusetyenziswa kwezimamva kunye nezandi ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa imisebenzi yegrama. I-Bashkir nayo inenkqubo etyebileyo ye-consonants kunye nezikhamiso, kunye nezakhiwo ze-syllabic kunye ne-adverbial ezenza isakhiwo sayo sonke.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasebashkir ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Ziqhelanise ne-Bashkir alfabhethi kunye nokubiza. Eli linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ukuba uqala ukufunda ibashkir. Qala ngokufunda ezinye iitekisi ezisisiseko kwibashkir kwaye uziqhelanise nokubiza unobumba ngamnye ngokuchanekileyo.
2. Zama ukufumana umhlohli okanye ikhosi. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kukufumana umyalelo omnye kunye nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, jonga kwizifundo zendawo, okanye izifundo zomsindo kunye nevidiyo, ukukunceda ufunde ulwimi.
3. Funda, mamela kwaye ubukele izinto ezininzi ebashkir. Njengoko ufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya ngolwimi, qhubeka ufunda kwaye umamele amajelo eendaba ebashkir. Zama ukufumana ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo, uncwadi, iifilimu kunye neengoma ngesibashkir kwaye uzicwilise ngolwimi.
4. Fumana ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha ibashkir. Fumana iqabane onokuziqhelanisa nalo, okanye ujoyine iforum ekwi-intanethi apho abantu bathetha khona ibashkir. Ungesabi ukwenza iimpazamo - oku kukufunda!
5. Qhubeka ufunda. Nokuba uziva ukhululekile kwiziseko, kuhlala kukho into entsha onokuyifunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Qhubeka ufunda, mamela kwaye ubukele izinto ezininzi ebashkir kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Translation: Ukuguqulela Iilwimi Ukuqonda Yenkcubeko

I-Mari Translation yinkonzo yokuguqulela yamazwe ngamazwe ekhusela izikhewu zenkcubeko ngokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo, ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiilwimi ezininzi. Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-2012, I-Mari Translation izenzele njengenkokeli kwiinkonzo zeelwimi kwaye ibonelela ngoluhlu lweenguqulelo, kubandakanya nezo zinxulumene nezonyango, ezomthetho, ezobuchwephesha kunye neeprojekthi zentengiso.

Ukuzibophelela kwenkampani ekwenzeni izithintelo zolwimi yinto yexesha elidlulileyo kuyenze ukuba ibe yenye yeenkonzo zokuguqulela ezinokuthenjwa. Iqela layo leengcali liquka izithethi zomthonyama ezigxile kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngespanish, isifrentshi, isijamani, isitaliyane, isirashiya, Isitshayina Kunye Nesijapan. Zonke iinguqulelo zamagama zihlolwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zilungelelaniswe ngokwemigaqo yolwimi olujoliswe kuyo, ngokuqwalasela amasiko asekuhlaleni, imimandla kunye neelwimi.

I-Mari Translation ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zendawo. Olu hlobo lokuguqulela luhlengahlengisa isicatshulwa ukuze sihambelane nolindelo lwenkcubeko kunye nokukhethwa kwabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo. Ngothungelwano lwayo olubanzi lwee-localizers kunye nabaguquleli, Inguqulelo Ye-Mari inokubonelela ngezisombululo ezibanzi zendawo, ukusuka kwiintlelo ezithile zeshishini ukuya kulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwenkcubeko.

Ukongeza, inkampani ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezinye iinkonzo, ezinje ngeetoliki zeentlanganiso zeshishini,inguqulelo yeaudio / yevidiyo,ukukhutshelwa, kunye nokubhaliweyo. Iqela lethu leengcali liyafumaneka 24/7 ukubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezikhawulezayo nezichanekileyo ngelixa ugcina uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwabathengi engqondweni.

Kwi-Mari Translation, kugxilwe ekuboneleleni ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni ngokusebenza okuphezulu. Inkampani iyazingca ngokulandela amanyathelo angqongqo olawulo lomgangatho kunye nokuzinikela ekuhambiseni iziphumo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ikwayilwela ukwakha ubudlelwane obuqinileyo babathengi kunye nokubonelela ngenkonzo eyenzelwe wena.

Ukuguqulelwa kwe-Mari lukhetho olukhulu kuye nabani na ojonge ukuvala izithintelo zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngeqela layo elizinikeleyo leengcali, iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ezisemgangathweni, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo, inkampani iqinisekile ukwenza unxibelelwano lube lula kwaye lusebenze.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasemari?

Ulwimi Lwasemari luthethwa ikakhulu Erashiya, nangona kukho abathethi E-Estonia Nase-Ukraine. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasemari El, isihloko somdibaniso Waserashiya.

Liliphi igama Lolwimi Lwasemari?

Ulwimi Lwasemari lilungu losapho Lolwimi Lweuralic, kwaye lulwimi lomthonyama lwabantu abamalunga nama-450,000 Emari El, iriphabhlikhi ngaphakathi kwerussian Federation. Ithethwa ngabantu Basemari, abayinzala yabantu basefinno-Urgic bamandulo abaqala ukufudukela kule ndawo ukusuka Kumbindi nakwinyakatho Yurophu malunga ne-3000 BC. Ingxelo yokuqala ebhaliweyo yolwimi Lwasemari yavela ngo-1243, xa Ugrand Duke Ugeorgy Vsevolodovich wasevladimir wasungula indawo Yokuhlala Yaseyuriev (ngoku eyaziwa Ngokuba Yiyaroslavl). Olu lwimi luneziyelelane ezibini ezahlukeneyo-I-Hill Mari Kunye Ne-Meadow Mari-ezahlukileyo ngokwendlela yokubiza, igrama kunye nesigama. Ukutyhubela imbali yayo, Ulwimi Lwasemari luye lwaboleka amagama avela kwezinye iilwimi ezifana nesitatar, isirashiya nesijamani. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, olu lwimi lwaqala ukubhalwa ngoonobumba Besicyrillic, yaye ebudeni bexesha Lesoviet, lwakhuthazwa ngokukhutheleyo njengolwimi loncwadi lwaza lwasetyenziswa kwimfundo nakumaxwebhu aseburhulumenteni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwenziwa iinzame zokuvuselela ulwimi, ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yedijithali.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasemari?

1. Umario Salazar - usomlomo wasemari kunye nolwimi oluvela Esan Lucas Quiavini E-Oaxaca, Emexico. Uyaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe kuphando, amaxwebhu, kunye nokuvuselelwa kolwimi Lwasemari.
2. Uheber Osvaldo Honorio Santiago - ungumfundisi kunye nomguquleli Wolwimi Wasemari Waseguerrero, Emexico. Ungumsunguli Wesikolo Solwimi Sasemari Eatoyac de Alvarez.
3. Udon Benito García Sámano-ungutitshala Wolwimi Lwasemari kunye nomlawuli Weziko Loqeqesho Lwenkcubeko Eguerrero, Emexico. Umsebenzi wakhe waba negalelo ekuphuhliseni ikharityhulam yokuqala kulwimi Lwemari ejolise kubafundi besikolo samabanga aphantsi.
4. U-César A. Varón-ungumntu we-anthropologist owenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo ekuphandeni nasekubhaleni ulwimi Lwasemari. Ngo-2009, washicilela Incwadi Yokuqala Ye-Mari grammar, I-Gramática mari: i-principios kunye ne-del idioma, kunye Ne-Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas.
5. Juventina Valenzuela - ungumhlohli Waseguerrero, Emexico. Ungumlawuli kunye nomsunguli weziko lemfundo yeelwimi ezimbini " Urimareye "("indawo yokukhanya"), esebenza njengeziko Lokubuyiselwa kolwimi Lwasemari kubantwana Eguerrero, Emexico.

Njani Ulwimi Lwasemari?

Ulwimi Lwasemari lulwimi Lweuralic oluthethwa ngabantu Basemari, abahlala kwiriphabhlikhi Yasemari El yaserussia kunye neendawo ezikufutshane. Ineziyelelane ezintathu eziphambili: Imeadow, Induli Kunye Nentaba. I-syntax yayo ikakhulu inogglutinative, kunye nezinye izinto ezinefuthe. Amagama formed ngokudibanisa ingcambu kunye nezimamva, ayinike i-morphology etyebileyo neyinkimbinkimbi. Ulwimi Lwasemari lukwasebenzisa ukuphindaphinda ukugxininiswa kunye nokwenza amagama eentsingiselo ezininzi. Kukho isenzi-umyalelo wokugqibela wegama, oku kuthetha ukuba isihloko, into kunye nesenzi zivela ekupheleni kwesivakalisi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasemari ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thenga isikhokelo sokufunda ulwimi esijolise kulwimi Lwasemari, njengekhosi Yeroutledge Kulwimi Lwangoku Lwemari ngukenneth E. Croft.
2. Fumana isithethi somthonyama Sasemari onokuziqhelanisa nokuthetha naye.
3. Yiya kwiklasi yolwimi Lwasemari okanye ikhosi enikezelwa kwindawo yakho.
4. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ukuziqhelanisa nezakhono zakho zolwimi Lwemari, ezinje ngewebhusayithi, ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo kunye nevidiyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwimi olusebenzisanayo.
5. Ziqhelanise namasiko nezithethe zabantu Base-Mari ukuze utyebise ngakumbi ukufunda ulwimi lwakho.
6. Mamela Umculo Wasemari kwaye ubukele iimovie Zasemari ukuze uqhelane nendlela ulwimi oluvakala ngayo.