Isimalay Icelandic Guqulela

Inguqulelo yesimalay: Isixhobo Esibalulekileyo Kumashishini

Kwimakethi yanamhlanje yehlabathi, ukufikelela kuguqulelo lweetekisi ngeelwimi ezininzi kubalulekile kumashishini afuna ukufikelela kubaphulaphuli bamanye amazwe. Uguqulelo lwemalay sisixhobo esinamandla esinokunceda amashishini ukuba aphule kwiimarike ezintsha kwaye asebenzise amathuba kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela.

Imalay, ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yimalaysia okanye Ibahasa Melayu, yinxalenye yosapho lweelwimi Lwase-Australia kwaye kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 Emalaysia, Eindonesia, Esingapore nasebrunei. Ulwimi Olusemthethweni Emalaysia kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni Ebrunei Nasesingapore. Ngenxa yoko, kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi ukuba amashishini akwazi ukubonelela ngamaxwebhu kunye nonxibelelwano Ngolwimi Lwasemalaysia.

Ukuba neenguqulelo ezichanekileyo ezimele ngokuchanekileyo isicatshulwa santlandlolo somthombo kubalulekile kulo naliphi na ishishini lokungena kumazwe athetha Imalay. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo oluguqulelweyo ludlulisela intsingiselo ekujoliswe kuyo ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Abaguquleli Abaqeqeshiweyo Basemalay basebenzisa ubuchule babo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinguqulelo zichanekile kwaye zidlulisela umyalezo ofanelekileyo kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ukusebenzisa abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo Besimalay kubalulekile kumashishini afuna ukuphumelela kwezi marike. Abaguquleli Basemalay banolwazi olunzulu ngolwimi kunye nenkcubeko enxulumene nalo kwaye baya kuba nakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo abalunikelayo luchanekile kwaye luyasebenza. Bayayiqonda imeko yenkcubeko kwaye banokunika iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokubonisa izimvo ngolwimi.

Ukuguqulela izicatshulwa Emalay kufuna ukuziqhelanisa nenkcubeko. Oku kubandakanya ukuqonda izinto zenkcubeko kunye nokulungelelanisa isicatshulwa ukuze silingane kwimeko yenkcubeko. Abaguquleli Abaqeqeshiweyo Basemalay baqhelene nendlela ezithile ezivakaliswa ngayo kulwimi yaye banokuziqhelanisa nesicatshulwa sabaphulaphuli abahlukahlukeneyo.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwemalay sisixhobo esinamandla kumashishini afuna ukufikelela kwiimarike ezintsha. Ngelixa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zichanekile kwaye zisebenza, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imeko yenkcubeko xa uguqulela izicatshulwa kulwimi. Abaguquleli Besimalay abanamava ngolwimi yaye banokunikela ngeenguqulelo ezichanileyo nezifanelekileyo ngokwamasiko. Ngoncedo lwabo, amashishini anokuqinisekisa ukuba banxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bafumana umthombo kwiimarike zamanye amazwe.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasemalay?

Imalay ithethwa ikakhulu Emalaysia, Eindonesia, Ebrunei, Esingapore nakumazantsi Ethailand.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalaysia?

Ulwimi Lwesimalay lulwimi Lwaseostreliya oluthethwa ngabantu Kusingasiqithi Wasemalay, indawo esemazantsi Ethailand kunye nonxweme olusemantla Esumatra. Ikwasetyenziswa Ebrunei, Empuma Yemalaysia nakwiindawo Zepilipinas. Kukholelwa ukuba Ulwimi Lwesimalay luvela malunga nekhulu lesi-2 BC, luneengcambu zalo kulwimi Lwesimalayoisipolynesia olwaqala ukusasazeka ukusuka kwindawo Yemalacca Straits. Owona mbhalo mdala owaziwayo Wasemalay, ofumaneka kwithebhulethi yelitye evela kwingingqi Yaseterengganu, ubuyela kunyaka we-1303 AD.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19th, Ulwimi Lwesimalay lwaziswa kwiikholoni Zasebritane Esingapore Nasepenang ngabarhwebi abavela Kusingasiqithi Wasemalay. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali, Ibrithani yavelisa uhlobo olubhaliweyo lolwimi olusekelwe kwi-dutch orthography, ebizwa Ngokuba Yirumi. Olu hlobo lokubhala lusasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumazwe athetha Imalay namhlanje.
Ngexesha lenkulungwane yama-20, Ulwimi Lwasemalay lwafumana ukubekwa emgangathweni ngeenzame Zedewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), eliziko leelwimi Lesizwe Lasemalaysia. I-DBP iphuhlise ulwimi lwangoku loncwadi, olwaziwa ngokuba Yibahasa Malaysia namhlanje. Olu lwimi luye lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasemalaysia, kwaye luthethwa ngokubanzi Esingapore, Ebrunei, Empuma Yemalaysia nasepilipinas.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesimalay?

1. Raja Ali Hai-imisebenzi Yakhe idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ulwimi Lwesimalay.
2. Umunshi Abdullah-umphengululi odumileyo wenkundla Yasemalay wenkulungwane ye-19 owabhala U-Istilah-istilah Melayu (Amagama Asemalay).
3. Urosli Klong-wayenoxanduva lokuphuhliswa kolwimi lwangoku Lwesimalay, kunye nemisebenzi yakhe echaza ifom yayo esemgangathweni.
4. Izainal Abidin Ahmad - ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yipak Zain, wayeluncedo ekuveliseni imisebenzi enje Ngekamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Isichazi-Magama solwimi Lwesizwe Kunye Noncwadi) kunye Nemigangatho Yasemalaysian Bahasa Emalaysia.
5. Usman Awang - Imisebenzi Yakhe efana Nepantun Melayu (izibongo zemveli Zasemalay) zithathwa njengezakudala zenkcubeko Yasemalay.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalaysia?

Ulwimi Lwesimalay lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba lulandela ulwakhiwo apho amagama enziwe ngezinto ezizodwa ezenza iyunithi enye. Ezi zinto, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-morphemes, zinokuqulatha ulwazi malunga nentsingiselo, ubume kunye nokubiza igama, kwaye zinokongezwa, zisuswe okanye zitshintshwe ukuhambisa iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, igama elithi 'makan' lithetha 'ukutya', kodwa ukongezwa kwe-morpheme '- nya 'kutshintsha igama elithi 'makannya', elithetha 'yakhe' kunye nentsingiselo efanayo. Ubudlelwane begrama bubonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko ngokulandelelana kwegama endaweni yokungena, Kwaye Imalay inesakhiwo esicacileyo sesivakalisi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesimalay ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda amagama asisiseko kunye namabinzana. Ziqhelanise nolwimi Lwesimalay ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezithandwayo ezinje ngezifundo ezikwi-intanethi, iincwadi, kunye neeapps zokufunda ulwimi.
2. Mamela iincoko okanye ubukele iimovie kwaye ubonise Emalay ukuze ufumane ukuqonda kokuhamba kolwimi kunye nesingqisho.
3. Ukubhala Kunye nokuthetha Ngesimalay kunye nesithethi somthonyama. Ungasebenzisa incoko exchange websites okanye ukufumana iqabane ulwimi.
4. Funda Imalay grammar kunye nemithetho. Funda iincwadi zezifundo, sebenzisa izifundo ezikwi-intanethi kunye nokuziqhelanisa.
5. Zicel ' umngeni ngokufunda iincwadi namanqaku abhalwe Emalaysia. Zama isandla sakho ekubhaleni amabali amafutshane okanye izithuba zeblogi Emalaysia.
6. Zigcine ukhuthazekile ngokuzibekela usukelo uze ulandele inkqubela yakho. Bhiyozela impumelelo yakho kwaye ungadangali xa usenza iimpazamo.
7. Fumana Malik kwezinye iilwimi. Fumana abahlobo abathetha Isimalay kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo. Ndwendwela Imalaysia okanye naliphi na ilizwe apho Kuthethwa Imalaysia.

I-Icelandic yenye yeelwimi ezindala ezisathethwayo emhlabeni, kwaye incede ukuchaza inkcubeko kunye nobuni babantu Base-Icelandic kangangeenkulungwane. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba nabani na onxibelelana nabantu Base-Iceland, ezoshishino okanye ezolonwabo, abe nokufikelela kwinkonzo yokuguqulela yase-Iceland ethembekileyo nechanekileyo.

Abaguquleli Abaqeqeshiweyo Baseiceland bayayiqonda indlela oluthethwa ngayo olu lwimi, olunokuba lucelomngeni kakhulu, ekubeni ulwimi Lwaseiceland luyafana kodwa lwahlukile kwezinye iilwimi Zasescandinavia ezinjengesweden nesinorwegian. I-dialect ingahluka phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo Yase-Iceland, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu kumntu ongeyena isithethi somthonyama. Umguquleli olungileyo uya kuthatha inkathalo ekhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inguqulelo yabo ayithathi kuphela intsingiselo yokoqobo yesicatshulwa, kodwa nayo nayiphi na imeko yenkcubeko okanye yengingqi enokubaluleka.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zaseiceland ziye zafikeleleka ngakumbi. Iiarhente zokuguqulela ngoku zinikezela ngeenkonzo ukunceda abo banqwenela ukunxibelelana nabaphulaphuli Baseiceland zombini kwifom ebhaliweyo, njengamaxwebhu kunye neewebhusayithi, kunye neefom ezibonakalayo ezinjengevidiyo kunye nokurekhodwa komsindo. Iinkonzo ezinjalo zibaluleke ngakumbi kumashishini asebenza kumazwe aphesheya, apho uguqulelo oluchanekileyo noluthembekileyo lubalulekile.

Nangona kunjalo, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesiicelandic nazo ziluncedo kuye nabani na ofuna ukunxibelelana ngolwazi, okanye ukusuka, kulwimi Lwesiicelandic. Ngokomzekelo, iincwadi nemibhalo-ngqangi ebhalwe Ngesiiceland inokuguqulelwa kubaphulaphuli abaninzi. Ngokufanayo, imisebenzi engeyiyo I-Icelandic inokwenziwa ifumaneke kwizithethi Zaseicelandic, zibavumela ukuba bafikelele kuncwadi, iindaba kunye nemibono evela kwihlabathi liphela.

Ngokubanzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zesiicelandic zibonelela ngonxibelelwano oluxabisekileyo phakathi kwezithethi Zaseicelandic kunye nabaphulaphuli behlabathi. Ke ngoko, ezi nkonzo zibalulekile kuye nabani na onqwenela ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo nabaphulaphuli Base-Iceland.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi Lwaseiceland?

I-Icelandic ithethwa E-Iceland kuphela, nangona abanye abaphambukeli Basemntla Melika baye baziwa ukuba bayisebenzise njengolwimi lwesibini.

Ziziphi iilwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseiceland?

Ulwimi Lwase-Iceland lulwimi Lwasemantla Ejamani olunobudlelwane Obusondeleyo Ne-Old Norse kwaye luthethwe ngabantu Base-Iceland ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-9th. Yaqala ukurekhodwa kwinkulungwane ye-12 Kwisagas Yaseiceland, eyabhalwa Kwi-Old Norse.
Ngenkulungwane ye-14, Isiiceland sasilulwimi oluphambili Lwaseiceland saza saqalisa ukwahluka kwiingcambu Zaso Ezindala Zasenorse, sivelisa igrama nesigama esitsha. Le nkqubo yakhawuleziswa Ngohlaziyo ngowe-1550, Xa Ubuluthere babulawula Eiceland, nto leyo eyaphumela ekungeneni kweendinyana zonqulo ezisuka kwisidanish nesijamani ezatshintsha olo lwimi ngokusisigxina.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Iiceland yaqalisa ukuba nemizi-mveliso emininzi yaza yamkela amagama athile avela kwisingesi nesidanish. Intshukumo yomgangatho wolwimi yaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kunye nohlaziyo lokuqala lokupela ngo-1907-1908. Oku kwakhokelela ekudalweni kolwimi Olumanyeneyo lwaseiceland ngowe-1908, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kubekho uhlaziyo olungakumbi.
Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, olu lwimi luye lwenza iinguqulelo ezingakumbi, ngokubandakanywa kwamagama emali-mboleko anamhlanje kunye nemigaqo enxulumene netekhnoloji, kunye nokuqaliswa kwemigaqo engathathi cala ngokwesini kwiakhawunti yeentshukumo zamabhinqa. Namhlanje, ulwimi Lwase-Iceland luyaguquka kwaye luyaqhubeka nokuhlala lungatshintshi, ngelixa ukwamkela amagama amatsha ukubonisa inkcubeko eguqukayo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesiicelandic?

1. Usnorri Sturluson (1178-1241): imbongi edumileyo Yaseiceland, umbhali-mbali, kunye nombhali-mbali onefuthe elinzulu kulwimi Lwaseiceland kunye noncwadi.
2. Ujónas Hallgrímsson (1807-1845): imbongi Yase-Iceland edla ngokubizwa ngokuba nguyise wemibongo yanamhlanje Yase-Iceland. Amazwi akhe abumba ulwimi lwangoku Lwesiicelandic aze avelise amagama namabinzana amatsha.
3. Ujónárnason (1819-1888): umphengululi Wase-Iceland owaqulunqa waza wapapasha i-first comprehensive dictionary yase-Iceland ngo-1852.
4. U-Einar Benediktsson (1864-1940): umbhali odumileyo Wase-Iceland kunye nembongi eyanceda ukubumba uncwadi lwangoku Lwase-Iceland kwaye yafaka izinto zenkcubeko yabantu.
5. Uklaus Von Seeck (1861-1951): ingcali yeelwimi yasejamani eyaba ngowokuqala ukuchaza isicelandic ngokubanzi kwaye ithelekise ulwimi Lwesicelandic nezinye iilwimi Zesijamani.

Njani ulwimi Lwesicelandic?

Ulwimi Lwaseicelandic Lulwimi Lwasemantla Ejamani oluvela Kwinorse Yakudala, ulwimi lwabahlali basescandinavia bokuqala kweli lizwe. Ubume bolwimi bubonisa iingcambu Zabo Zasejamani; isebenzisa umxholo-isenzi-into igama umyalelo kwaye ine-morphology enamandla. Inamadoda amathathu (ubudoda ,ubufazi kunye ne-neuter) kunye namatyala amane (ukutyunjwa, ukumangalela, i-dative, kunye ne-genitive). Ikwanobumbano lwegrama, olubonisa ukuba izibizo Zaseiceland, izenzi, kunye nezichazi zineendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: isinye kunye nesininzi. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-deception kuqhelekile E-Iceland kwaye kusetyenziselwa ukubonisa inani, imeko,inkcazo, kunye nokufumana.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwase-Iceland ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Yenza ukuzibophelela ekufundeni: Gqiba ukuba lingakanani ixesha ofuna ukuzinikela ekufundeni ulwimi kwaye uzibophelele kulo. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni, njengokufunda igama elitsha okanye umthetho wegrama yonke imihla okanye uzimisele ukufunda iphepha elivela kwincwadi yesiicelandic suku ngalunye.
2. Fumana izibonelelo ezikusebenzelayo: zininzi izibonelelo ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi onokuzisebenzisa ukuphucula amava akho okufunda. Kungaluncedo ukufumana incwadi egxile kulwakhiwo lwegrama yolwimi kunye nokusebenzisa ukurekhodwa komsindo okanye iividiyo ukuphulaphula nokubiza amagama.
3. Ziqhelise rhoqo: ukuze ube nentembelo kulwimi uze uqiniseke ukuba akuzilibali izinto ozifundileyo, qiniseka ukuba uziqhelanisa rhoqo. Unokujoyina iklasi ekwi-intanethi, fumana iqabane lencoko Yase-Iceland kwi-intanethi okanye uziqhelanise nabahlobo.
4. Zifake kwinkcubeko Yase-Iceland: Ukubukela iifilimu Kunye nomabonwakude Wase-Iceland, ukufunda iincwadi kunye neemagazini, kunye nokuya kwimisitho yenkcubeko yase-Iceland zonke iindlela ezintle zokuqhelana nolwimi nenkcubeko.
5. Yonwaba kunye nayo: Ukufunda ulwimi kufuneka kube mnandi! Zama ukujija ulwimi Lwesiicelandic kunye nezicatshulwa okanye wonwabe ngokudlala imidlalo yolwimi ekwi-intanethi.