Isimalay Bashkir Guqulela

Inguqulelo yesimalay: Isixhobo Esibalulekileyo Kumashishini

Kwimakethi yanamhlanje yehlabathi, ukufikelela kuguqulelo lweetekisi ngeelwimi ezininzi kubalulekile kumashishini afuna ukufikelela kubaphulaphuli bamanye amazwe. Uguqulelo lwemalay sisixhobo esinamandla esinokunceda amashishini ukuba aphule kwiimarike ezintsha kwaye asebenzise amathuba kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela.

Imalay, ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yimalaysia okanye Ibahasa Melayu, yinxalenye yosapho lweelwimi Lwase-Australia kwaye kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 Emalaysia, Eindonesia, Esingapore nasebrunei. Ulwimi Olusemthethweni Emalaysia kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni Ebrunei Nasesingapore. Ngenxa yoko, kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi ukuba amashishini akwazi ukubonelela ngamaxwebhu kunye nonxibelelwano Ngolwimi Lwasemalaysia.

Ukuba neenguqulelo ezichanekileyo ezimele ngokuchanekileyo isicatshulwa santlandlolo somthombo kubalulekile kulo naliphi na ishishini lokungena kumazwe athetha Imalay. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo oluguqulelweyo ludlulisela intsingiselo ekujoliswe kuyo ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Abaguquleli Abaqeqeshiweyo Basemalay basebenzisa ubuchule babo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinguqulelo zichanekile kwaye zidlulisela umyalezo ofanelekileyo kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ukusebenzisa abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo Besimalay kubalulekile kumashishini afuna ukuphumelela kwezi marike. Abaguquleli Basemalay banolwazi olunzulu ngolwimi kunye nenkcubeko enxulumene nalo kwaye baya kuba nakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo abalunikelayo luchanekile kwaye luyasebenza. Bayayiqonda imeko yenkcubeko kwaye banokunika iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokubonisa izimvo ngolwimi.

Ukuguqulela izicatshulwa Emalay kufuna ukuziqhelanisa nenkcubeko. Oku kubandakanya ukuqonda izinto zenkcubeko kunye nokulungelelanisa isicatshulwa ukuze silingane kwimeko yenkcubeko. Abaguquleli Abaqeqeshiweyo Basemalay baqhelene nendlela ezithile ezivakaliswa ngayo kulwimi yaye banokuziqhelanisa nesicatshulwa sabaphulaphuli abahlukahlukeneyo.

Ukuqukumbela, uguqulelo Lwemalay sisixhobo esinamandla kumashishini afuna ukufikelela kwiimarike ezintsha. Ngelixa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zichanekile kwaye zisebenza, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imeko yenkcubeko xa uguqulela izicatshulwa kulwimi. Abaguquleli Besimalay abanamava ngolwimi yaye banokunikela ngeenguqulelo ezichanileyo nezifanelekileyo ngokwamasiko. Ngoncedo lwabo, amashishini anokuqinisekisa ukuba banxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bafumana umthombo kwiimarike zamanye amazwe.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasemalay?

Imalay ithethwa ikakhulu Emalaysia, Eindonesia, Ebrunei, Esingapore nakumazantsi Ethailand.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalaysia?

Ulwimi Lwesimalay lulwimi Lwaseostreliya oluthethwa ngabantu Kusingasiqithi Wasemalay, indawo esemazantsi Ethailand kunye nonxweme olusemantla Esumatra. Ikwasetyenziswa Ebrunei, Empuma Yemalaysia nakwiindawo Zepilipinas. Kukholelwa ukuba Ulwimi Lwesimalay luvela malunga nekhulu lesi-2 BC, luneengcambu zalo kulwimi Lwesimalayoisipolynesia olwaqala ukusasazeka ukusuka kwindawo Yemalacca Straits. Owona mbhalo mdala owaziwayo Wasemalay, ofumaneka kwithebhulethi yelitye evela kwingingqi Yaseterengganu, ubuyela kunyaka we-1303 AD.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19th, Ulwimi Lwesimalay lwaziswa kwiikholoni Zasebritane Esingapore Nasepenang ngabarhwebi abavela Kusingasiqithi Wasemalay. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali, Ibrithani yavelisa uhlobo olubhaliweyo lolwimi olusekelwe kwi-dutch orthography, ebizwa Ngokuba Yirumi. Olu hlobo lokubhala lusasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumazwe athetha Imalay namhlanje.
Ngexesha lenkulungwane yama-20, Ulwimi Lwasemalay lwafumana ukubekwa emgangathweni ngeenzame Zedewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), eliziko leelwimi Lesizwe Lasemalaysia. I-DBP iphuhlise ulwimi lwangoku loncwadi, olwaziwa ngokuba Yibahasa Malaysia namhlanje. Olu lwimi luye lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasemalaysia, kwaye luthethwa ngokubanzi Esingapore, Ebrunei, Empuma Yemalaysia nasepilipinas.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesimalay?

1. Raja Ali Hai-imisebenzi Yakhe idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ulwimi Lwesimalay.
2. Umunshi Abdullah-umphengululi odumileyo wenkundla Yasemalay wenkulungwane ye-19 owabhala U-Istilah-istilah Melayu (Amagama Asemalay).
3. Urosli Klong-wayenoxanduva lokuphuhliswa kolwimi lwangoku Lwesimalay, kunye nemisebenzi yakhe echaza ifom yayo esemgangathweni.
4. Izainal Abidin Ahmad - ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yipak Zain, wayeluncedo ekuveliseni imisebenzi enje Ngekamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Isichazi-Magama solwimi Lwesizwe Kunye Noncwadi) kunye Nemigangatho Yasemalaysian Bahasa Emalaysia.
5. Usman Awang - Imisebenzi Yakhe efana Nepantun Melayu (izibongo zemveli Zasemalay) zithathwa njengezakudala zenkcubeko Yasemalay.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalaysia?

Ulwimi Lwesimalay lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba lulandela ulwakhiwo apho amagama enziwe ngezinto ezizodwa ezenza iyunithi enye. Ezi zinto, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-morphemes, zinokuqulatha ulwazi malunga nentsingiselo, ubume kunye nokubiza igama, kwaye zinokongezwa, zisuswe okanye zitshintshwe ukuhambisa iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, igama elithi 'makan' lithetha 'ukutya', kodwa ukongezwa kwe-morpheme '- nya 'kutshintsha igama elithi 'makannya', elithetha 'yakhe' kunye nentsingiselo efanayo. Ubudlelwane begrama bubonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko ngokulandelelana kwegama endaweni yokungena, Kwaye Imalay inesakhiwo esicacileyo sesivakalisi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesimalay ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda amagama asisiseko kunye namabinzana. Ziqhelanise nolwimi Lwesimalay ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezithandwayo ezinje ngezifundo ezikwi-intanethi, iincwadi, kunye neeapps zokufunda ulwimi.
2. Mamela iincoko okanye ubukele iimovie kwaye ubonise Emalay ukuze ufumane ukuqonda kokuhamba kolwimi kunye nesingqisho.
3. Ukubhala Kunye nokuthetha Ngesimalay kunye nesithethi somthonyama. Ungasebenzisa incoko exchange websites okanye ukufumana iqabane ulwimi.
4. Funda Imalay grammar kunye nemithetho. Funda iincwadi zezifundo, sebenzisa izifundo ezikwi-intanethi kunye nokuziqhelanisa.
5. Zicel ' umngeni ngokufunda iincwadi namanqaku abhalwe Emalaysia. Zama isandla sakho ekubhaleni amabali amafutshane okanye izithuba zeblogi Emalaysia.
6. Zigcine ukhuthazekile ngokuzibekela usukelo uze ulandele inkqubela yakho. Bhiyozela impumelelo yakho kwaye ungadangali xa usenza iimpazamo.
7. Fumana Malik kwezinye iilwimi. Fumana abahlobo abathetha Isimalay kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo. Ndwendwela Imalaysia okanye naliphi na ilizwe apho Kuthethwa Imalaysia.

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi Lwakudala Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ngabantu basebashkir Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan, Erashiya. Lilungu leqela le-Kipchak leelwimi Zaseturkey, kwaye lithetha ngabantu abamalunga ne-1.5 yezigidi.

I-Bashkir lulwimi olwahlukeneyo, kunye neelwimi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezithethwa Kwiriphabhlikhi. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuguqulela ukusuka nokuya ebashkir kube ngumsebenzi onzima ngokwentelekiso. Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweelwimi ezinokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuguqulela, njengokuphela kwamagama ahlukeneyo kunye notshintsho kubizo.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuguqulelwa okuchanileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ube nezithethi zomthonyama zasebashkir eziqonda izinto zolwimi. Aba baguquleli bafanele baziqonde kakuhle iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye bakwazi ukuthabatha kwanezona zahlukahlukano zifihlakeleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto abaguquleli abaziingcali behlala bethandwa xa kufikwa kwinguqulelo yebashkir.

Xa ujonga umguquleli webashkir, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Amava ngundoqo; umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi lomthombo kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo, kunye nokuqonda imeko yenkcubeko. Kukwabalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli unolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo lwesigama esisetyenziswa kulwimi, njengoko oku kunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngokubanzi, uguqulelo lwebashkir lufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nobuchule, kunye nokuqonda iilwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Kubalulekile ukuqesha umguquleli onamava kwaye onolwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba intsingiselo ekujoliswe kuyo idluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasebashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir ngokuyinhloko luthethwa Erashiya, nangona kukho inani elincinci lezithethi Ekazakhstan, Eukraine Naseuzbekistan.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesibashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan, ekwingingqi Yeentaba Zeural yaserashiya. Olu lolona lwimi lusemthethweni Kwiriphabliki kwaye lukwathethwa ngamanye amalungu e-Udmurt minority ekufuphi. Olu lwimi luye lwasetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezindala Zaseturkey ezisathethwayo namhlanje.
Iirekhodi zokuqala ezibhaliweyo zolwimi lwesibashkir zibuyela emva kwekhulu le-16. Ngeli xesha, i-Arabic ne-persia yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, ibashkir yaba lulwimi olubhaliweyo lwabancinci abahlukeneyo kulo mmandla. Yayisetyenziswa nakwimisebenzi yesayensi, eyanceda ukuba isasazeke kuwo wonke ummandla.
Ngexesha Lesoviet, ulwimi lwasebashkir lwachaphazeleka kakhulu yimpembelelo yaserussia. Amagama amaninzi asebashkir athatyathelw ' indawo ngamagama abo aserashiya. Ulwimi lwafundiswa nasezikolweni kwaye kwakukho umzamo wokudala i-alfabhethi yebashkir edibeneyo.
Kwixesha Lasemva Kwesoviet, ibashkir ibone ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye kubekho umzamo owandisiweyo wokugcina ulwimi. Abantu abaninzi ngoku bafunda ibashkir njengolwimi lwesibini, kwaye urhulumente Weriphabhlikhi Yasebashkortostan wenza iinzame ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa ukusinda kolwimi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesibashkir?

1. U-Ildar Gabdrafikov-imbongi, umshicileli, kunye nombhali weskripthi, wayengumntu obalulekileyo kuncwadi lwesibashkir kunye nokuvuselelwa kolwimi lwesibashkir.
2. Unikolay Galikhanov-umphengululi wasebashkir kunye nembongi, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ebashkir kwaye uthathwa njengomseki wesayensi yanamhlanje yasebashkir.
3. Udamir Ismagilov - isifundiswa, ifilosofi kunye neelwimi, wasebenza ngokubanzi ukwandisa izinga lokufunda phakathi kwezithethi zasebashkir kwaye waqulunqa imisebenzi emininzi ebhaliweyo ngolwimi lwasebashkir.
4. Asker Aimbetov-imbongi yasebashkir, umbhali kunye nezifundo, wayengomnye wamanani aphambili kulwimi lwesibashkir kunye noncwadi, kwaye wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi.
5. I-Irek Yakhina-umbhali odumileyo wasebashkir kunye nomdlali wokudlala, imisebenzi yakhe ayaziwa Kuphela Erashiya kodwa kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye wenze okuninzi ukwenza ulwimi lwasebashkir lufikeleleke ngakumbi kubafundi.

Njani ulwimi lwesibashkir?

Ulwimi lwasebashkir lulwimi oluguqukayo lwesebe Lasekipchak losapho Lweelwimi Zaseturkey. Ibonakaliswa kukusetyenziswa kwezimamva kunye nezandi ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa imisebenzi yegrama. I-Bashkir nayo inenkqubo etyebileyo ye-consonants kunye nezikhamiso, kunye nezakhiwo ze-syllabic kunye ne-adverbial ezenza isakhiwo sayo sonke.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasebashkir ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Ziqhelanise ne-Bashkir alfabhethi kunye nokubiza. Eli linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ukuba uqala ukufunda ibashkir. Qala ngokufunda ezinye iitekisi ezisisiseko kwibashkir kwaye uziqhelanise nokubiza unobumba ngamnye ngokuchanekileyo.
2. Zama ukufumana umhlohli okanye ikhosi. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kukufumana umyalelo omnye kunye nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, jonga kwizifundo zendawo, okanye izifundo zomsindo kunye nevidiyo, ukukunceda ufunde ulwimi.
3. Funda, mamela kwaye ubukele izinto ezininzi ebashkir. Njengoko ufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya ngolwimi, qhubeka ufunda kwaye umamele amajelo eendaba ebashkir. Zama ukufumana ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo, uncwadi, iifilimu kunye neengoma ngesibashkir kwaye uzicwilise ngolwimi.
4. Fumana ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha ibashkir. Fumana iqabane onokuziqhelanisa nalo, okanye ujoyine iforum ekwi-intanethi apho abantu bathetha khona ibashkir. Ungesabi ukwenza iimpazamo - oku kukufunda!
5. Qhubeka ufunda. Nokuba uziva ukhululekile kwiziseko, kuhlala kukho into entsha onokuyifunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Qhubeka ufunda, mamela kwaye ubukele izinto ezininzi ebashkir kangangoko kunokwenzeka.