Isislovak Isipolish Guqulela

Inguqulelo yeslovak sisenzo sokuguqulela ulwimi olubhaliweyo okanye oluthethwayo ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye. Kuyinto intsimi ekhethekileyo kakhulu, kwaye ifuna isixa esikhulu solwazi kunye nobuchule. Islovak lulwimi olusemthethweni eslovakia, ke naluphi na uxwebhu okanye unxibelelwano oluza kuguqulelwa kufuneka luhambelane nemigangatho ephezulu yokuchaneka kunye nobungcali.

Inkqubo yokuguqulela islovak iqala ngokukhetha umguquleli ofanelekayo ukugqiba umsebenzi. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi kakuhle kulwimi lomthombo kunye nolwimi olujoliswe kulo, kwaye kufuneka baqhelane neendlela ezizodwa zenkcubeko kunye nolwimi oluhambelana neslovak. Ukongeza, umguquleli kufuneka akwazi ukutolika ngokuchanekileyo umyalezo ekujoliswe kuwo wesixhobo somthombo.

Nje ukuba kukhethwe umguquleli ofanelekileyo, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuba baqale ukuguqulela imathiriyeli yomthombo kulwimi ekujoliswe kulo. Kuxhomekeke kubunzima besicatshulwa, oku kungathatha naphi na ukusuka kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure ezininzi. Kwezinye iimeko, umguquleli unokufuna ukubonisana nengcali kulwimi okanye kwinkcubeko ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile kwaye luphelele.

Nje ukuba uguqulelo lugqityiwe, kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli ahlole umsebenzi wabo ngokuchaneka. Oku kuthetha ukufunda isicatshulwa amaxesha amaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinyani, amanani, kunye neemeko zihanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo. Umguquleli kufuneka ajonge ukungaqondakali okunokwenzeka kunye nokungachaneki kwimathiriyeli yomthombo, kwaye enze naluphi na ulungiso oluyimfuneko.

Inguqulelo yeslovak inokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kodwa onomvuzo. Ngolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nobuchule, umguquleli ofanelekileyo unokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezingenasiphako kwaye akhokelele kunxibelelwano oluyimpumelelo phakathi kweenkcubeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha islovak?

Ulwimi lweslovak luthethwa ikakhulu Eslovakia, kodwa lunokufumaneka nakwamanye amazwe kubandakanya Iaustria, Iczech Republic, Ihungary, Ipoland, Iserbia, Neukraine.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesislovak?

Islovak lulwimi Lwasentshona Slavic kwaye ineengcambu zayo Kwiproto-Slavic, ebuyela kwi-5th century ad. Ngexesha Lamaxesha Aphakathi, islovak yaqala ukukhula yaba lulwimi olwahlukileyo kwaye yaphenjelelwa kakhulu ziziyelelane zesilatini, isiczech nesijamani. Ngenkulungwane ye-11, Islavonic Endala Yecawa yayisele ilulwimi lwaseslovakia yaza yahlala injalo de kwayinkulungwane ye-19. Phakathi ne-1800s, kwaqala ukubekwa emgangathweni ngakumbi kweslovak kwaye kwasekwa igrama kunye ne-orthography. Ngowe-1843, Uanton Bernolák wapapasha inguqulelo yolwimi elungelelanisiweyo, eyathi kamva yaziwa ngokuba Yibernolák Standard. Lo mgangatho wahlaziywa waza wahlaziywa amatyeli aliqela ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-19, ekugqibeleni wakhokelela kwislovak yanamhlanje esasetyenziswa namhlanje.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lweslovak?

1. 1815 - 1856): islovak linguist, umbhali kunye nezopolitiko owayengumntu obalulekileyo ngexesha lokuvuselelwa kwelizwe Laseslovakia ngekhulu le-19. Waqulunqa umgangatho wokuqala wolwimi lweslovak owaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Erudovítštúr.
2. Upavol Dobšinský (1827 - 1885): imbongi yaseslovak, umbhali wokudlala kunye nombhali weprose imisebenzi yakhe yadlala indima ephambili ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi lwangoku lweslovak.
3. Ujozef Miloslav Hurban (1817-1886): umbhali waseslovak, imbongi kunye nompapashi owayengumxhasi wokuqala wesazisi sesizwe saseslovak. Imisebenzi yakhe, kubandakanya imibongo kunye neenoveli zembali, yanceda ekubumbeni uphuhliso lolwimi lwangoku lweslovak.
4. Uanton Bernolák (1762 - 1813): isazi ngefilosofi saseslovak kunye nomfundisi owasungula uhlobo lokuqala lwe-Slovak yanamhlanje, awathi Ulwimi Lukabernolák.
5. Umartin Hattala (ngowe - 1910-1996): islovak linguist nombhali wesichazi-magama owabhala isichazi-magama sokuqala sesilovak waza wabhala ngokubanzi kwigrama yesilovak kunye nokwakheka kwamagama.

Njani ulwimi isislovak?

Ubume beslovak ubukhulu becala busekwe kuleyo yezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, ezinje ngesiczech nesirashiya. Ilandela i-syntax yesihloko-isenzi-into kwaye inenkqubo entsonkothileyo yesibizo sokuhla, ukudibanisa isenzi, kunye nokumakishwa kwetyala. Ulwimi olusebenzayo, olunamatyala asixhenxe kunye namadoda amabini. Islovak ikwabonisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zomlomo, kunye namaxesha amabini (akhoyo kunye nexesha elidlulileyo). Njengezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegrama zamagama zivela kwingcambu enye.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lweslovak ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thenga incwadi yesifundo seslovak kunye nencwadi yomsebenzi. Oku kuya kuba ngumthombo wakho oyintloko wesigama, igrama kunye nenkcubeko.
2. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi. I-YouTube ineevidiyo ezininzi zasimahla zokufundisa islovak simahla. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi ezibonelela ngemithambo kunye nezinye izinto zokufunda.
3. Cinga ngokuthatha iiklasi. Ukuba uzimisele ukufunda ulwimi, indlela efanelekileyo yokuqonda ngokwenene izivakalisi zendawo kukuqhagamshelana rhoqo nesithethi somthonyama esinokukunika ingxelo kwaye sikukhokele kwinkqubo.
4. Ziqhelise kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Unokuthetha kwaye umamele ngokuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama okanye ufumane iqabane lokutshintshiselana ngolwimi. Sebenzisa iifilimu, iinkqubo ZETV kunye neengoma kwislovak ukuphucula izakhono zakho zokufunda nokumamela.
5. Breathe into culture. Zama ukufunda malunga neslovak ubomi bemihla ngemihla, izithethe, iiholide kunye nokunye. Oku kuya kukunceda uqonde ngcono i-slang kunye namabinzana asekuhlaleni.
6. Musa ukunikezela. Ukufunda olunye ulwimi akukho lula, kodwa kunokwenziwa. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni uze unamathele kulo. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba ukhathazekile, thatha ikhefu kwaye ubuye kuyo kamva.

Isipolish lulwimi Lweslavic oluthethwa ikakhulu Epoland, olwenza ukuba lube lolona lwimi luthethwa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Nangona lulwimi lomthonyama Lwezibonda, abanye abemi abaninzi abahlala kumbindi Yurophu nakwimimandla Yaseunited States nabo bathetha isipolish. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasepoland ziya zithandwa ngakumbi, njengoko isidingo sokunxibelelana ngokucacileyo kwimiqobo yenkcubeko siyanda.

Nangona isipolish isenokuba lulwimi olunzima kwizithethi ezingezizo ezomthonyama ukuba zifunde, kukho amanqaku ambalwa aphambili ekufuneka uwagcine engqondweni xa ufuna umguquleli onamava. Okokuqala kukujonga ukuba umntu okanye iarhente oceba ukuyisebenzisa inamava kwicandelo lokuguqulela isipolish. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho uya kwaziswa ngendlela ecacileyo, echanekileyo kunokwenzeka. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba umguquleli uthetha isipolish kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo ngokutyibilikayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli aqhelane nenkcubeko kunye nemiba yolwimi. Umzekelo, amagama athile okanye amabinzana anokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ke ukuba nengcali eqonda umahluko ofihlakeleyo kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho udluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindleko zeenkonzo zokuguqulela isipolish. Njengayo nayiphi na inkonzo, iindleko zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto, ukuntsonkotha kwesicatshulwa kunye nexesha lokujika elifunwayo. Qiniseka ukuba uthelekisa amaxabiso kubaboneleli abohlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana elona value lilungileyo lemali yakho.

Ukuqukumbela, isipolish lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo nolunengqondo olufuna iinkonzo zomguquleli onamava ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka nokucaca. Xa ukhetha i-arhente okanye umguquleli, qiniseka ukuba uthathela ingqalelo amava abo, ukuqonda ngokutyibilikayo kunye nenkcubeko, kunye neendleko zeenkonzo zabo. Ngokwenza njalo, unokuqiniseka ukuba umyalezo wakho uza kuguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isipolish?

Isipolish sithethwa ikakhulu Epoland, kodwa sinokuviwa nakwamanye amazwe, Belebelarus, iczech Republic, Ijamani, Ihungary, Ilithuania, Islovakia Neukraine.

Yintoni isipolish ulwimi?

Isipolish lulwimi Lwase-Indo-European lweqela le-Lechitic, kunye neczech neslovak. Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nabamelwane bayo abasondeleyo, iczech kunye neslovak. Isipolish lolona lwimi luthethwa Kakhulu entshona Slavic group kwaye sithethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-47 kwihlabathi liphela.
Ingxelo yokuqala eyaziwayo yolwimi lwasepoland ibuyele kwi-10TH century AD, nangona abanye bakholelwa ukuba inokuthethwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-7 okanye le-8. Ulwimi lwenziwa utshintsho oluthile ebudeni Bamaxesha Aphakathi, lwaphenjelelwa ngamandla sisilatini, isijamani nesihungary ngenxa yokungena kwabantu abavela kula mazwe.
Uhlobo lwangoku lwesipolish lwavela ngenkulungwane ye-16, xa ulwimi lwafumana ixesha elimiselweyo ngenxa yempembelelo Yecawa Yamakatolika, eyayinamandla amakhulu kunye nefuthe ngelo xesha. Emva kwezahlulelo Zasepoland ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, ulwimi lwaphenjelelwa ngakumbi sisirashiya nesijamani, njengoko iindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe zaziphantsi kolawulo lwazo.
Isipolish saphinda sazimela ngo-1918 kwaye sele siphuhlise saba lulwimi olukhoyo namhlanje. Ulwimi luye lwaqhubeka luvela ngokudibanisa amagama amaninzi amatsha, kwaye i-lexicon iye yanda ukuba ibandakanye amagama avela kwezinye iilwimi ezifana nesifrentshi nesingesi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasepoland?

1. Ujan Kochanowski (1530-1584): Uthathwa njengembongi yesizwe Yasepoland, Ukochanowski wenza igalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwangoku lwasepoland ngokwazisa amagama amatsha, izichazi, kunye nokubhala imibongo yonke ngolwimi oluthethwayo lwabantu.
2. U-Ignacy Krasiki (1735-1801): Ukrasiki wayeyimbongi eyaziwayo, i-satirist kunye nomdlali wokukhanya kwepoland. Wabhala imibongo ngesilatini nangesipolish, esazisa imizekeliso emininzi eqhelekileyo kulwimi lwesipolish.
3. Uadam Mickiewicz (1798-1855): Umickiewicz udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yinkosana yeembongi zasepoland". Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasepoland kunye noncwadi.
4. Ustanisław Wyspiński (1869-1907): I-Wyspiński yayingumntu oyintloko we-Young Poland movement kwi-art and literature. Wabhala ngokubanzi ngolwimi lwasepoland kwaye wavelisa isitayela esikhethekileyo soncwadi esinempembelelo enkulu kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo zababhali basepoland.
5. Iczesław Miłosz (1911-2004): Umiłosz wayeyinobel Prize Kulwazi Loncwadi. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo ekwandiseni ulwimi lwasepoland nenkcubeko phesheya. Kwakhona wakhuthaza izizukulwana eziselula zababhali ukuba zihlolisise izihloko ezingazange zibonwe kwiincwadi zesipolish.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesipolish?

Ulwimi lwasepoland lulwimi Lwaseslavic. I-Indo-European usapho kwaye belong Ukuba West Slavic iqela iilwimi. Ulwimi ngokwalo lwahlulwe lwaba ziziyelelane ezintathu eziphambili: isipolish Esincinci, Isipolish Esikhulu Kunye Nesimazovian. Nganye yezi lwimi ineziyelelane zayo zengingqi. Isipolish lulwimi oluchaphazeleka kakhulu olusebenzisa amatyala, isini, kunye noxinzelelo ukuze kwakhiwe izivakalisi. Umyalelo wegama ubhetyebhetye kwaye ubukhulu becala umiselwa ngumxholo endaweni yesivakalisi. Ukongeza, isipolish sinenkqubo etyebileyo yamaqabane, izikhamiso, kunye ne-accents ezisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamagama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasepoland ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko: Funda isigama esisisiseko kunye nokubiza amagama. Ukutyala imali kwincwadi elungileyo yolwimi lwasepoland okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi egxile kwigrama, enje "Ngesipolish Esibalulekileyo" Ngu-Amalia Kless.
2. Ziqhelanise nokubiza amagama: Mamela izithethi zasepoland, kwaye uziqhelanise nokuthetha ngokuvakalayo.
3. Zama izixhobo zokufunda zemultimedia: Sebenzisa iipodcasts, iividiyo, kunye nesoftware yekhompyuter ukukunceda ufunde isipolish.
4. Gwema ukuguqulela ukusuka kwisingesi: Nangona kusenokubonakala kulula, uya kufumana okungakumbi kumgudu wakho ukuba uzama ukwenza unxulumano nokwakha amagama.
5. Ziqhelise rhoqo: yenza umkhwa wokuchitha ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku ufunda isipolish.
6. Mix kwezinye fun: Ukungena a isipolish ulwimi exchange, ukubukela isipolish iimifanekiso kwaye TV ibonisa, ukufunda isipolish iincwadi kwaye magazine, okanye incoko nge-native speakers kwi-loluntu media.
7. Qaphela: Akukho Nto ibetha ukuhlala kwilizwe elithetha isipolish ukuba unako ukwenza njalo. Okukhona untywiliselwa ngakumbi, kokukhona uya kulufumana ngokukhawuleza ulwimi.