Udmurt Isigeorgia Guqulela

Uguqulelo lwe-Udmurt yinkqubo yokuguqulela itekisi ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt. Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lulwimi Lwasefinno-Urgic oluthethwa ngabantu Base-Udmurt abahlala Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt, e-central Russia. Olu lwimi lunembali etyebileyo nenkcubeko, kwakunye nokuba lulwimi olusemthethweni Kwiriphabliki Yase-Udmurt. Nangona olu lwimi lusenokugqalwa njengolungamelwanga kakuhle kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, luselulwimi olubalulekileyo kwabo bazalelwe kuloo ndawo okanye banomdla kulwimi, kwinkcubeko nakwimbali yabantu Baseudmurt.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni Kwe-Udmurt, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ezisemgangathweni zenziwa. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa abaguquleli beelwimi abanamava, abanolwazi ngomxholo wolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Umguquleli kufuneka akwazi ukuqonda igrama, upelo, kunye nesemantiki yolwimi ukuze enze iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo ukwandisa kunye nokubaluleka kwamagama ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicatshulwa sisondele kwintsusa kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Inguqulelo ye-Udmurt inokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko kwaye inike abantu abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ithuba lokuqondana. Oku kunokusetyenziswa phantse kuyo nayiphi na intsimi, kubandakanya ishishini, uncwadi, kunye nemithombo yeendaba. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukugcina inkcubeko kunye nembali yabantu Base-Udmurt ngokuvumela amabali abo kunye namazwi ukuba aviwe ngabaphulaphuli abakhulu.

Ngokubanzi, inguqulelo Ye-Udmurt inokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu sokuqonda ulwimi nenkcubeko yabantu Base-Udmurt. Ngokuqonda itekisi Ye-Udmurt, inokunika abaphulaphuli abaninzi ithuba lokuxabisa nokufunda kulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu Base-Udmurt. Ukongeza, inokuba yindlela entle yokukhuthaza ukuqonda phakathi kweenkcubeko kunye nokufunda ngakumbi malunga nomnye.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt luthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt, ekwingingqi Yevolga yaserussia. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo ezincinci kwezinye iindawo Zaserussia, nakumazwe angabamelwane afana Nekazakhstan, Ibelarus Kunye Nefinland.

Yintoni imbali Ye-Udmurt language?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lilungu le-Uralic language family kwaye luhambelana kakhulu neelwimi Zasefinno-Urgic. Kuthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nama-680,000, ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt (Erashiya) nakwindawo ejikelezileyo. Ifom yayo ebhaliweyo yabhalwa ngenkulungwane ye-18 ngabefundisi Bobuothodoki baserashiya, abenza inkqubo yokubhala esekelwe kwialfabhethi Yesicyrillic. Le nkqubo yokubhala yandiswa yaza yaphuculwa ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19 neyama-20, nto leyo eyakhokelela kulwimi olubhaliweyo lwale mihla. Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lusasetyenziswa namhlanje kwimimandla enabantu Base-Udmurts, kunye nokufundiswa ezikolweni nakwiiyunivesithi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt?

1. Vasiliy Ivanovich Alymov-linguist kunye nombhali wemisebenzi emininzi kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt, owabhala igrama ecacileyo yolwimi kwaye wamisela imigaqo emininzi kunye neendibano ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje.
2. Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov-Umphengululi kunye nombhali imisebenzi emininzi ulwimi Udmurt nenkcubeko, kuquka igrama ebanzi ulwimi kunye nezifundo kwisakhiwo udmurt poetry.
3. Nina Vitalievna Kirsanova-Rodionova - i innovator entsimini Udmurt ebhaliweyo, wabhala iincwadi zokuqala ngolwimi wadala dictionary yokuqala Ukrainian-Udmurt.
4. Umikhayl Romanovich Pavlov-Owaziwa ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu kwintsimi yolwimi Lwe-Udmurt, uncwadi kunye neentsomi, wayengomnye wabantu bokuqala ukurekhoda nokubhala iingoma zomthonyama zommandla.
5. U-Olga Valerianovna Fyodorova - Lozhkina-omnye wabantu bokuqala ukufunda ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Ye-Udmurt, wapapasha amaphephandaba olwimi lokuqala Lwe-Udmurt kwaye wabhala igrama kunye nezinye izinto zemfundo.

Ulwakhiwo njani Ulwimi Udmurt?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lulwimi Lwe-Uralic, olunxulumene kakhulu nesifinnish nesi-estonia, kwaye yabelana ngokufana kunye neelwimi Zekomi-Zyryan Kunye Ne-Permic. Ubume bayo bubonakaliswa yi-agglutinative morphology, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokudibanisa kunye ukudibanisa iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kunye neekhonsepthi. Ulwimi lunemvisiswano yesikhamiso kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yezibizo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzi kunzima kakhulu, ngeemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo, iinkalo, kunye nokuqina, kunye nomahluko osisiseko phakathi kweefom ezigqibeleleyo nezingafezekanga.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokuziqhelanisa nolwimi. Funda malunga nealfabhethi kunye nokubiza amagama kwaye ufumane ukuqonda okuyisiseko kwegrama.
2. Funda kwaye umamele imithombo Ye-Udmurt yemveli. Mamela iindaba zendawo kwaye ungene kumculo kunye neenkqubo ZETV ngolwimi.
3. Thetha kwaye ubhale Kwi-Udmurt. Fumana iqabane lolwimi okanye usebenzise iiforamu ezikwi-intanethi kunye namagumbi okuncokola ukuziqhelanisa.
4. Thatha ikhosi ulwimi Udmurt. Kukho amaziko olwimi ezininzi ezifundisa izifundo Ulwimi Udmurt kwaye ungafumana kubo online.
5. Zibhokoxe kwinkcubeko nakulwimi lwakho. Ndwendwela Udmurtia kwaye uthethe nezithethi zomthonyama ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngeelwimi zalapha kunye nenkcubeko.

Ulwimi lwasegeorgia lolunye lweelwimi ezindala Ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo kwingingqi yasecaucasus. Ine-alfabhethi yayo kwaye yaziwa ngegrama yayo entsonkothileyo kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa entsonkothileyo. Ngenxa yoko, inguqulelo yesigeorgia yinkonzo ebalulekileyo kubantu kwihlabathi liphela abafuna ukunxibelelana Nabantu Basegeorgia ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

Iinguqulelo zesigeorgia zifuna umguquleli onamava njengoko ulwimi kunzima ukuba abantu bangaphandle baluqonde. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo basegeorgia kufuneka babe nobuchule bokubhala obuhle kakhulu kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kwenkcubeko kunye nolwimi Lwasegeorgia. Kufuneka bakwazi ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yamagama emva kwamagama abhaliweyo kunye nokuthetha.

Xa kuguqulelwa phakathi kwesigeorgia nezinye iilwimi, kubalulekile ukuchaneka. Inguqulelo elungileyo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo izinto kunye nomxholo wesicatshulwa, ukuze kucace kwaye kuqondakale. Umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo uya kugcina iimbekiselo zenkcubeko kunye namabinzana asondele kwisicatshulwa santlandlolo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukuguqulelwa kolwimi lwasegeorgia kwezinye iilwimi kulucelomngeni kuba kukho amagama amaninzi kulwimi olungekhoyo ngezinye iilwimi. Ngokomzekelo, xa uguqulela ukusuka kwisigeorgia ukuya kwisingesi, umguquleli kufuneka afumane igama elichanekileyo lesingesi okanye ibinzana elidlulisela kakuhle intsingiselo yegama lesigeorgia ngaphandle kokuphulukana nengqibelelo yalo. Oku kunokuba nzima kuba ezinye izivakalisi zesigeorgia azinayo ilingana ngokuthe ngqo kwezinye iilwimi.

Ekubeni isigeorgia singelolwimi oluthethwa kakhulu, kunokuba nzima ukusiguqulela ngesigeorgia. Kubalulekile ukusebenza nearhente yokuguqulela eyaziwayo okanye umguquleli onamava kwaye ekufanelekele ukubonelela ngeenguqulelo zesigeorgia ezichanekileyo.

Ngokuqonda ukuntsonkotha kolwimi lwasegeorgia, umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo unokubonelela ngoguqulelo olukumgangatho ophezulu olufaka undoqo wesicatshulwa kwaye luyinyani kwintsingiselo yantlandlolo. Ngoncedo lomguquleli onamava wasegeorgia, unokuqinisekisa ukuba amagama kunye namabinzana asetyenziswe kuxwebhu lwakho achanekile kwaye acacile.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasegeorgia?

Ulwimi lwesigeorgia luthethwa Kakhulu Egeorgia, nakwezinye iindawo zommandla Wasecaucasus, Njengeazerbaijan, Iarmenia Nerashiya. Ikwathethwa Eturkey, Eiran, Esiriya Nasegrisi.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesigeorgia?

Ulwimi lwesigeorgia lulwimi Lwesigeorgia oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-4 ubukhulu Becala Egeorgia. Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Egeorgia kwaye lusetyenziswa njengolwimi olusemthethweni ecaucasus. Imbali yolwimi lwasegeorgia inokulandelwa emva kwekhulu le-4 AD, xa i-alfabhethi yokuqala yesigeorgia, ebizwa Ngokuba Yi-Asomtavruli, yaphuhliswa. Le alphabet yalandelwa Yi-Mkhedruli alphabet esasetyenziswa nanamhlanje. Ngenkulungwane ye-9, Abantu Basegeorgia baqalisa ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokubhala yasearmenia. Kamva, isigeorgia samkela uhlobo lwesigeorgia loonobumba besigrike ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ngexesha Lesoviet, ulwimi lwafundiswa ezikolweni kulo lonke ilizwe, kunye nesirashiya. Emva kokuwa Kwesoviet Union, ukusetyenziswa kwesigeorgia kwanda kakhulu, kwaye ulwimi ngoku lunandipha ukuthandwa okukhulayo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasegeorgia?

1. U-Ivane Javakhishvili-Ingcali Yeelwimi kunye nomphengululi obeka isiseko se-philology yasegeorgia.
2. Ugiorgi Merchule-Umphengululi owaphuhlisa i-orthography yanamhlanje yasegeorgia.
3. Uakaki Tsereteli-Imbongi kunye nomfanekiso woluntu owazisa imisebenzi emininzi yasentshona kulwimi lwasegeorgia.
4. Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani-Imbongi nolwimi olwaluhambisela phambili ubutyebi bolwimi lwasegeorgia ngokwazisa amagama angaphandle, amabinzana oncwadi namabinzana.
5. Ugrigol Peradze-Umphengululi onomsebenzi kwigrama yasegeorgia wanikela isiseko sezifundo zolwimi zanamhlanje.

Uluphi ulwimi lwasegeorgia?

Ulwimi lwasegeorgia lulwimi oluguqukayo, oluthetha ukuba lusebenzisa izifinyezo (izimaphambili kunye nezimamva) ukwenza amagama. Ikwanesibizo esintsonkothileyo kunye nenkqubo yesenzi, eneepateni eziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga. I-georgia ibhalwe kwi-alfabhethi yayo, kunye neeleta ezingama-33. Olu lwimi lukwahlula phakathi kwamaqabane anqwenelekayo nangaphefumlelwanga, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yeelwimi ezimbalwa ukwenza njalo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasegeorgia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko. Funda i-alfabhethi yasegeorgia, ukubiza kunye nemithetho yegrama esisiseko. 2. Phuhlisa izakhono zakho zokumamela. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama kwaye usebenzise ukubiza kwakho. 3. Yakha isigama sakho. Funda amagama alula, amabinzana kunye nezivakalisi. 4. Ziqhelise ukufunda nokubhala. Sebenzisa iincwadi, iikhosi ezikwi-intanethi, iimagazini okanye amaphephandaba ngesigeorgia. 5. Musa ukulibala ukuthetha. Thetha nabantu abathetha iilwimi zesintu kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zokufunda ulwimi ezikwi-intanethi. 6. Get into Georgian culture Bukela iimuvi, mamela umculo, okanye ufunde iincwadi ngesigeorgia.