Udmurt Isipolish Guqulela

Uguqulelo lwe-Udmurt yinkqubo yokuguqulela itekisi ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt. Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lulwimi Lwasefinno-Urgic oluthethwa ngabantu Base-Udmurt abahlala Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt, e-central Russia. Olu lwimi lunembali etyebileyo nenkcubeko, kwakunye nokuba lulwimi olusemthethweni Kwiriphabliki Yase-Udmurt. Nangona olu lwimi lusenokugqalwa njengolungamelwanga kakuhle kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, luselulwimi olubalulekileyo kwabo bazalelwe kuloo ndawo okanye banomdla kulwimi, kwinkcubeko nakwimbali yabantu Baseudmurt.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni Kwe-Udmurt, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ezisemgangathweni zenziwa. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa abaguquleli beelwimi abanamava, abanolwazi ngomxholo wolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Umguquleli kufuneka akwazi ukuqonda igrama, upelo, kunye nesemantiki yolwimi ukuze enze iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo ukwandisa kunye nokubaluleka kwamagama ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicatshulwa sisondele kwintsusa kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Inguqulelo ye-Udmurt inokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko kwaye inike abantu abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ithuba lokuqondana. Oku kunokusetyenziswa phantse kuyo nayiphi na intsimi, kubandakanya ishishini, uncwadi, kunye nemithombo yeendaba. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukugcina inkcubeko kunye nembali yabantu Base-Udmurt ngokuvumela amabali abo kunye namazwi ukuba aviwe ngabaphulaphuli abakhulu.

Ngokubanzi, inguqulelo Ye-Udmurt inokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu sokuqonda ulwimi nenkcubeko yabantu Base-Udmurt. Ngokuqonda itekisi Ye-Udmurt, inokunika abaphulaphuli abaninzi ithuba lokuxabisa nokufunda kulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu Base-Udmurt. Ukongeza, inokuba yindlela entle yokukhuthaza ukuqonda phakathi kweenkcubeko kunye nokufunda ngakumbi malunga nomnye.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt luthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt, ekwingingqi Yevolga yaserussia. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo ezincinci kwezinye iindawo Zaserussia, nakumazwe angabamelwane afana Nekazakhstan, Ibelarus Kunye Nefinland.

Yintoni imbali Ye-Udmurt language?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lilungu le-Uralic language family kwaye luhambelana kakhulu neelwimi Zasefinno-Urgic. Kuthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nama-680,000, ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt (Erashiya) nakwindawo ejikelezileyo. Ifom yayo ebhaliweyo yabhalwa ngenkulungwane ye-18 ngabefundisi Bobuothodoki baserashiya, abenza inkqubo yokubhala esekelwe kwialfabhethi Yesicyrillic. Le nkqubo yokubhala yandiswa yaza yaphuculwa ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19 neyama-20, nto leyo eyakhokelela kulwimi olubhaliweyo lwale mihla. Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lusasetyenziswa namhlanje kwimimandla enabantu Base-Udmurts, kunye nokufundiswa ezikolweni nakwiiyunivesithi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt?

1. Vasiliy Ivanovich Alymov-linguist kunye nombhali wemisebenzi emininzi kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt, owabhala igrama ecacileyo yolwimi kwaye wamisela imigaqo emininzi kunye neendibano ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje.
2. Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov-Umphengululi kunye nombhali imisebenzi emininzi ulwimi Udmurt nenkcubeko, kuquka igrama ebanzi ulwimi kunye nezifundo kwisakhiwo udmurt poetry.
3. Nina Vitalievna Kirsanova-Rodionova - i innovator entsimini Udmurt ebhaliweyo, wabhala iincwadi zokuqala ngolwimi wadala dictionary yokuqala Ukrainian-Udmurt.
4. Umikhayl Romanovich Pavlov-Owaziwa ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu kwintsimi yolwimi Lwe-Udmurt, uncwadi kunye neentsomi, wayengomnye wabantu bokuqala ukurekhoda nokubhala iingoma zomthonyama zommandla.
5. U-Olga Valerianovna Fyodorova - Lozhkina-omnye wabantu bokuqala ukufunda ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Ye-Udmurt, wapapasha amaphephandaba olwimi lokuqala Lwe-Udmurt kwaye wabhala igrama kunye nezinye izinto zemfundo.

Ulwakhiwo njani Ulwimi Udmurt?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lulwimi Lwe-Uralic, olunxulumene kakhulu nesifinnish nesi-estonia, kwaye yabelana ngokufana kunye neelwimi Zekomi-Zyryan Kunye Ne-Permic. Ubume bayo bubonakaliswa yi-agglutinative morphology, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokudibanisa kunye ukudibanisa iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kunye neekhonsepthi. Ulwimi lunemvisiswano yesikhamiso kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yezibizo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzi kunzima kakhulu, ngeemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo, iinkalo, kunye nokuqina, kunye nomahluko osisiseko phakathi kweefom ezigqibeleleyo nezingafezekanga.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokuziqhelanisa nolwimi. Funda malunga nealfabhethi kunye nokubiza amagama kwaye ufumane ukuqonda okuyisiseko kwegrama.
2. Funda kwaye umamele imithombo Ye-Udmurt yemveli. Mamela iindaba zendawo kwaye ungene kumculo kunye neenkqubo ZETV ngolwimi.
3. Thetha kwaye ubhale Kwi-Udmurt. Fumana iqabane lolwimi okanye usebenzise iiforamu ezikwi-intanethi kunye namagumbi okuncokola ukuziqhelanisa.
4. Thatha ikhosi ulwimi Udmurt. Kukho amaziko olwimi ezininzi ezifundisa izifundo Ulwimi Udmurt kwaye ungafumana kubo online.
5. Zibhokoxe kwinkcubeko nakulwimi lwakho. Ndwendwela Udmurtia kwaye uthethe nezithethi zomthonyama ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngeelwimi zalapha kunye nenkcubeko.

Isipolish lulwimi Lweslavic oluthethwa ikakhulu Epoland, olwenza ukuba lube lolona lwimi luthethwa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Nangona lulwimi lomthonyama Lwezibonda, abanye abemi abaninzi abahlala kumbindi Yurophu nakwimimandla Yaseunited States nabo bathetha isipolish. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasepoland ziya zithandwa ngakumbi, njengoko isidingo sokunxibelelana ngokucacileyo kwimiqobo yenkcubeko siyanda.

Nangona isipolish isenokuba lulwimi olunzima kwizithethi ezingezizo ezomthonyama ukuba zifunde, kukho amanqaku ambalwa aphambili ekufuneka uwagcine engqondweni xa ufuna umguquleli onamava. Okokuqala kukujonga ukuba umntu okanye iarhente oceba ukuyisebenzisa inamava kwicandelo lokuguqulela isipolish. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho uya kwaziswa ngendlela ecacileyo, echanekileyo kunokwenzeka. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba umguquleli uthetha isipolish kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo ngokutyibilikayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli aqhelane nenkcubeko kunye nemiba yolwimi. Umzekelo, amagama athile okanye amabinzana anokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ke ukuba nengcali eqonda umahluko ofihlakeleyo kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho udluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindleko zeenkonzo zokuguqulela isipolish. Njengayo nayiphi na inkonzo, iindleko zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto, ukuntsonkotha kwesicatshulwa kunye nexesha lokujika elifunwayo. Qiniseka ukuba uthelekisa amaxabiso kubaboneleli abohlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana elona value lilungileyo lemali yakho.

Ukuqukumbela, isipolish lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo nolunengqondo olufuna iinkonzo zomguquleli onamava ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka nokucaca. Xa ukhetha i-arhente okanye umguquleli, qiniseka ukuba uthathela ingqalelo amava abo, ukuqonda ngokutyibilikayo kunye nenkcubeko, kunye neendleko zeenkonzo zabo. Ngokwenza njalo, unokuqiniseka ukuba umyalezo wakho uza kuguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isipolish?

Isipolish sithethwa ikakhulu Epoland, kodwa sinokuviwa nakwamanye amazwe, Belebelarus, iczech Republic, Ijamani, Ihungary, Ilithuania, Islovakia Neukraine.

Yintoni isipolish ulwimi?

Isipolish lulwimi Lwase-Indo-European lweqela le-Lechitic, kunye neczech neslovak. Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nabamelwane bayo abasondeleyo, iczech kunye neslovak. Isipolish lolona lwimi luthethwa Kakhulu entshona Slavic group kwaye sithethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-47 kwihlabathi liphela.
Ingxelo yokuqala eyaziwayo yolwimi lwasepoland ibuyele kwi-10TH century AD, nangona abanye bakholelwa ukuba inokuthethwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-7 okanye le-8. Ulwimi lwenziwa utshintsho oluthile ebudeni Bamaxesha Aphakathi, lwaphenjelelwa ngamandla sisilatini, isijamani nesihungary ngenxa yokungena kwabantu abavela kula mazwe.
Uhlobo lwangoku lwesipolish lwavela ngenkulungwane ye-16, xa ulwimi lwafumana ixesha elimiselweyo ngenxa yempembelelo Yecawa Yamakatolika, eyayinamandla amakhulu kunye nefuthe ngelo xesha. Emva kwezahlulelo Zasepoland ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, ulwimi lwaphenjelelwa ngakumbi sisirashiya nesijamani, njengoko iindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe zaziphantsi kolawulo lwazo.
Isipolish saphinda sazimela ngo-1918 kwaye sele siphuhlise saba lulwimi olukhoyo namhlanje. Ulwimi luye lwaqhubeka luvela ngokudibanisa amagama amaninzi amatsha, kwaye i-lexicon iye yanda ukuba ibandakanye amagama avela kwezinye iilwimi ezifana nesifrentshi nesingesi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasepoland?

1. Ujan Kochanowski (1530-1584): Uthathwa njengembongi yesizwe Yasepoland, Ukochanowski wenza igalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwangoku lwasepoland ngokwazisa amagama amatsha, izichazi, kunye nokubhala imibongo yonke ngolwimi oluthethwayo lwabantu.
2. U-Ignacy Krasiki (1735-1801): Ukrasiki wayeyimbongi eyaziwayo, i-satirist kunye nomdlali wokukhanya kwepoland. Wabhala imibongo ngesilatini nangesipolish, esazisa imizekeliso emininzi eqhelekileyo kulwimi lwesipolish.
3. Uadam Mickiewicz (1798-1855): Umickiewicz udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yinkosana yeembongi zasepoland". Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasepoland kunye noncwadi.
4. Ustanisław Wyspiński (1869-1907): I-Wyspiński yayingumntu oyintloko we-Young Poland movement kwi-art and literature. Wabhala ngokubanzi ngolwimi lwasepoland kwaye wavelisa isitayela esikhethekileyo soncwadi esinempembelelo enkulu kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo zababhali basepoland.
5. Iczesław Miłosz (1911-2004): Umiłosz wayeyinobel Prize Kulwazi Loncwadi. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo ekwandiseni ulwimi lwasepoland nenkcubeko phesheya. Kwakhona wakhuthaza izizukulwana eziselula zababhali ukuba zihlolisise izihloko ezingazange zibonwe kwiincwadi zesipolish.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesipolish?

Ulwimi lwasepoland lulwimi Lwaseslavic. I-Indo-European usapho kwaye belong Ukuba West Slavic iqela iilwimi. Ulwimi ngokwalo lwahlulwe lwaba ziziyelelane ezintathu eziphambili: isipolish Esincinci, Isipolish Esikhulu Kunye Nesimazovian. Nganye yezi lwimi ineziyelelane zayo zengingqi. Isipolish lulwimi oluchaphazeleka kakhulu olusebenzisa amatyala, isini, kunye noxinzelelo ukuze kwakhiwe izivakalisi. Umyalelo wegama ubhetyebhetye kwaye ubukhulu becala umiselwa ngumxholo endaweni yesivakalisi. Ukongeza, isipolish sinenkqubo etyebileyo yamaqabane, izikhamiso, kunye ne-accents ezisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamagama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasepoland ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko: Funda isigama esisisiseko kunye nokubiza amagama. Ukutyala imali kwincwadi elungileyo yolwimi lwasepoland okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi egxile kwigrama, enje "Ngesipolish Esibalulekileyo" Ngu-Amalia Kless.
2. Ziqhelanise nokubiza amagama: Mamela izithethi zasepoland, kwaye uziqhelanise nokuthetha ngokuvakalayo.
3. Zama izixhobo zokufunda zemultimedia: Sebenzisa iipodcasts, iividiyo, kunye nesoftware yekhompyuter ukukunceda ufunde isipolish.
4. Gwema ukuguqulela ukusuka kwisingesi: Nangona kusenokubonakala kulula, uya kufumana okungakumbi kumgudu wakho ukuba uzama ukwenza unxulumano nokwakha amagama.
5. Ziqhelise rhoqo: yenza umkhwa wokuchitha ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku ufunda isipolish.
6. Mix kwezinye fun: Ukungena a isipolish ulwimi exchange, ukubukela isipolish iimifanekiso kwaye TV ibonisa, ukufunda isipolish iincwadi kwaye magazine, okanye incoko nge-native speakers kwi-loluntu media.
7. Qaphela: Akukho Nto ibetha ukuhlala kwilizwe elithetha isipolish ukuba unako ukwenza njalo. Okukhona untywiliselwa ngakumbi, kokukhona uya kulufumana ngokukhawuleza ulwimi.