Isicatala Uzbek Guqulela

Isicatalan lulwimi lothando oluthethwa ikakhulu Espain Naseandorra, nakwezinye iindawo Zaseyurophu Ezinje Ngeitali, Ifransi, Nemalta. Ulwimi olusemthethweni lommandla Wasecatalonia Espain kwaye ikwathethwa kwimimandla ekufutshane Yasevalencia nakwiziqithi Zebalearic. Ngenxa yembali yayo eyahlukileyo, nangona inezinto ezininzi ezifanayo nezinye iilwimi Zasespain, lulwimi olwahlukileyo ngokwalo, kwaye uguqulelo phakathi kwecatalan nezinye iilwimi Zaseyurophu lunokwenza izinto ezininzi kunye nobuqili zilahleke ngokulula.

Kumashishini afuna ukunxibelelana nabathengi abathetha isicatalan okanye abasebenzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zibalulekile. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa abaguquleli abanamava nabaqeqeshiweyo abaqhelananga nolwimi kuphela, kodwa nayo nayiphi na into yenkcubeko. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kuguqulelwa amaxwebhu afana nezivumelwano zomthetho. Ukongeza, njengoko Imithetho Ye-European Union kufuneka yenziwe ifumaneke kuzo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni ZE-EU, uguqulelo kwicatalan luyimfuneko kuzo zonke iinkampani eziqhuba ishishini kwi-EU.

Ngokufanayo, umxholo we-intanethi njengeewebhusayithi, amaphulo okuthengisa kunye nezithuba zemidiya yoluntu kufuneka ziguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo kubaphulaphuli basecatalan. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule ziqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zichanile yaye zikhululekile kuzo naziphi na iimpazamo, yaye zisasebenza nanamhlanje yaye zifanele ngokwamasiko azo.

Xa ufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela, kubalulekile ukukhetha umboneleli ngenkonzo onerekhodi ebanzi yomkhondo entsimini. Jonga ulwazi lwabo kunye namava olwimi, kunye neendlela zabo. Ukusebenza nomboneleli ngenkonzo oqeqeshiweyo nonamava kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zenziwa ngokuchanekileyo nangendlela ethathela ingqalelo ubuntununtunu benkcubeko. Inkonzo yokuguqulela elungileyo iya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo ubekwe kwindawo kwaye ufanelekile kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ukuqukumbela, iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule zibonelela ngonxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kwabaphulaphuli abathetha isicatalan nabangathethi isicatalan. Abaguquleli abanamava nabanolwazi banokunceda amashishini ukuba afikelele kwaye abandakanyeke kwiimarike ekujoliswe kuzo, kunye nokufezekisa izibophelelo zabo zomthetho. Ekugqibeleni, ukulandela la macebiso angasentla kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni iinguqulelo ezisebenzayo nezichanileyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe ekuthethwa ngawo kwicatalan?

Isicatalan sithethwa kumazwe aliqela, Kuquka Ispeyin, Iandorra Nefransi. Ikwabizwa Ngokuba Yivalencian kwezinye Iindawo Zoluntu Lwasevalencian. Ukongeza, isicatalan sithethwa kwizixeko ezizimeleyo Zaseceuta Nasemelilla Emantla Eafrika, nakwiziqithi Zebalearic.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesicatalan?

Ulwimi lwesicatalan lunembali ende kwaye iyahluka, eqala ngenkulungwane ye-10. Ulwimi Lothando, oluthetha ukuba luvela kwisilatini, kwaye luneengcambu zalo kumntla-mpuma we-Peninsula Yase-Iberia. Isicatalan yayilulwimi Lwesithsaba Sasearagon, esasiquka Iinxalenye zefransi yanamhlanje, I-Itali Nespeyin ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11 ukusa kweye-15. Ngeli xesha ulwimi lwasasazeka emazantsi nasempuma kuwo wonke ummandla.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, isicatalan siye sachukunyiswa kakhulu zezinye iilwimi kuquka isifrentshi, ispanish nesitaliyane. Kumaxesha Aphakathi, yayilulwimi olusemthethweni Lobukumkani Basemajorca kwaye yaba lulwimi olukhethwayo kwiinkundla Zasecatalonia Nasearagon. Kwakhona kwasetyenziswa kwiindawo Ezithile Zasevalencia Nasebalearic Islands. Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi lwakwazi ukugcina iimpawu zalo ezizodwa nangona lwamkela izinto zezinye iilwimi.
Ngenkulungwane ye-18, xa Amabala alawula lo mmandla, isicatalan sathatyathelw ' indawo sisispanish njengolwimi olusemthethweni saza sabhengeza ukuba akukho semthethweni kwiindawo ezithile zommandla. Lo mqathango wawuqhubeka kude kube phakathi kwekhulu le-19 kwaye ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwavuselela ukuthandwa. Olu lwimi ngoku lubonwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Espain Nasefransi, kwaye luye lwafumana ixesha lokuvuselelwa kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesicatalan?

1. Ujaume II Wasearagon (1267-1327): wadibanisa isicatalan kunye nezinye iilwimi Kunye neelwimi Zepeninsula Yase-Iberia, ukudala isandulela kwicatalan yanamhlanje.
2. Upompeu Fabra (1868-1948): Ngokufuthi obizwa ngokuba "nguyise wecatalan yanamhlanje," Ufabra wayengumphilologist owaziwayo owamisela umgangatho kunye nokucwangcisa igrama yolwimi.
3. Ujoan Coromines (1893-1997): Icoromines yabhala isichazi-magama esichazayo solwimi lwesicatalan, esihlala siyincwadi ebalulekileyo yeembekiselo namhlanje.
4. Usalvador Espriu (1913-1985): U-Espriu wayeyimbongi, umbhali wokudlala, kunye nombhali wezincoko oncedise ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kwecatalan kuncwadi.
5. Ugabriel Ferrater (1922-1972): Uferrater wayeyimbongi kunye nomlobi weengoma zakhe ziye zaba yimifanekiso yamasiko asecatalan.

Uluphi ulwimi lwecatalan?

Ulwakhiwo lolwimi lwasecatalan lulandela i-svo (Umxholo-Isenzi-Into) umyalelo wegama. Lulwimi oludityanisiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba igama ngalinye linokudlulisela iziqwenga ezininzi zolwazi lwegrama. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-morphology yolwimi ziquka isini, inombolo kunye nesivumelwano sesichazi. Kukho iintlobo ezine zokudibanisa ngomlomo, ezenza iiparadigms zomlomo ngokuxhomekeke kumntu, inombolo, inkalo kunye nomoya. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zezibizo: ukuzimisela nokuzimisela. Izibizo ezimiselweyo ziphethe amanqaku angaphezulu, ngelixa izibizo ezingagqitywanga zingenzi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwecatalan ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi elungileyo yolwimi lwesicatalan okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi-Khangela into egubungela iziseko zegrama kunye nesigama, kwaye inemizekelo kunye nokuzivocavoca ukukunceda uziqhelanise.
2. Sebenzisa ii-apps zolwimi-Sebenzisa usetyenziso lweselfowuni olufana Neduolingo, olunikezela ngezifundo zenqanaba lokuqala lesicatalan kwaye lusebenzisa imidlalo ukukunceda ufunde.
3. Ukubukela iifilimu zasecatalan - Ukubukela iifilimu ecatalan yindlela enhle yokufumana iindlebe zakho ngolwimi.
4. Funda ngesicatalan-Zama ukufumana iincwadi, iimagazini, okanye amaphephandaba abhalwe ngesicatalan, nokuba ufunda nje amaphepha ambalwa, kunokukunceda ukuba uthathe amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana.
5. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama - zininzi iipodcasts, imiboniso kanomathotholo, kunye neenkqubo ZIKAMABONWAKUDE ezikhoyo ecatalan ke zisebenzise ukukunceda ufumane ukubizwa kwakho ngokufanelekileyo.
6. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha – eyona ndlela yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi kukuyisebenzisa. Baninzi Catalan-ukuthetha zoluntu jikelele ehlabathini ngoko ke kufuneka kube lula ukufumana umntu ukuba baqeqeshe.

Inguqulelo yesiuzbek yinkqubo yokuguqulela amaxwebhu abhaliweyo, ukugqitha ilizwi, imultimedia, iiwebhusayithi, iifayile zomsindo, kunye nezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano kulwimi lwesiuzbek. Eyona njongo iphambili yokuguqulela isiuzbek ngabantu abathetha isiuzbek njengolwimi lwabo lokuqala, kuquka nabo bahlala Euzbekistan, Eafghanistan, Ekazakhstan nakwamanye Amazwe Akumbindi Asiya.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni kwe-Uzbek, umgangatho ubalulekile. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule ziya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziguqulelweyo zizandi zendalo kwaye azinazimpazamo. Abaguquleli kufuneka babe nokuqonda okubanzi kolwimi lwesiuzbek kunye nenkcubeko yenkcubeko, kunye nobuchule kwisigama esikhethekileyo esisetyenziswe kwisicatshulwa ekujoliswe kuso. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka nokufundeka, ingcali yeelwimi kufuneka iqhelane nesiuzbek kunye nolwimi lomthombo.

Kumashishini afuna ukufikelela kwimarike yaseuzbek, iprojekthi yokuguqulela eyenziwe kakuhle inokwenza wonke umahluko. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zokuthengisa, imiyalelo yemveliso, iiwebhusayithi, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zeshishini ziguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo, iinkampani zinokufikelela kwaye zisebenzisane nabaphulaphuli ngokubanzi. Ngaphezu koko, iinguqulelo zasekuhlaleni zinceda ekwakheni ukuthembana phakathi kweenkampani kunye nabathengi bazo ngokubonisa ukuba bathathe ixesha lokuhlangabezana neemfuno zolwimi zabaphulaphuli babo ekujoliswe kubo.

Kwiinguqulelo zoncwadi, ezinjengeencwadi, iimagazini, neeblogi, abaguquleli baseuzbek kufuneka babe nokuqonda okunzulu komthombo womthombo ukuze babambe intsingiselo yoqobo kwaye banike abafundi ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kwesicatshulwa. abaguquleli kufuneka baqaphele iimpembelelo zembali, ezopolitiko kunye nenkcubeko yamagama athile kunye namabinzana. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli aqhelane nealfabhethi yesiuzbek neendibano zawo zokubhala ezinxulumene noko.

Inguqulelo yesiuzbek yinzame entsonkothileyo nenesidima, efuna iingcali ezinobuchule kakhulu eziqonda ukubaluleka kokuchaneka nokucaca. Nokuba ujonge ukuguqulela iwebhusayithi, uxwebhu, ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo, okanye olunye uhlobo lonxibelelwano, ukuqesha inkonzo yokuguqulela yaseuzbek yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa isiphumo esiphumeleleyo.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiuzbek?

Uzbek uthetha E-Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Kwaye China.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesiuzbek?

Ulwimi lwesiuzbek lulwimi Lwasempuma Lwesiturkic olukwisebe Lasekarluk losapho lolwimi Lwesiturkic. Ithethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-25 abafumaneka ikakhulu Euzbekistan, Etajikistan, Ekyrgyzstan, Ekazakhstan nakwezinye iindawo Zeasia Ekumbindi Naserashiya.
Ifom yanamhlanje yolwimi lwesiuzbek yaqala ukukhula ngenkulungwane ye-18 ngexesha lokusekwa kwakhona kwelizwe Lasekhanate lasebukhara, eliyinxalenye yommandla othetha isiuzbek. Ngeli xesha, iqondo eliphezulu lempembelelo yamapersi longezwa kulwimi lwesiuzbek, oluye lwahlala luyinto ebalulekileyo unanamhla.
Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19, iinguqulelo ezazikhokelwa Nguemir Wasebukhara, Unasrullah Khan, zanceda ekusasazeni ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi zesiuzbek E-Emirate. Oku ikakhulu kungenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wokukhuthaza ukufunda nokubhala kwamapersi namaarabhu phakathi kwezifundo zakhe ukudala ubukhosi obumanyeneyo ngakumbi.
Ngowe-1924, ulwimi lwesiuzbek lwabhengezwa njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Esoviet Kumbindi Asia, yaye oonobumba Besicyrillic baqaliswa njengesiseko senkqubo yalo yokubhala. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa Kwesoviet Union ngo-1991, I-Uzbekistan yafumana inkululeko, eyenza i-Uzbek ulwimi lwayo lwaseburhulumenteni. Ukususela kwinkululeko, iinguqu ezininzi ziye zenziwa kulwimi nakwifomu yalo ebhaliweyo, kuquka ukuqaliswa kweskripthi sokubhala esisekelwe kwisilatini kunye nokusekwa Kwe-Uzbek Language Academy Ngo-1992.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiuzbek?

1. U-Alisher Navoi (1441-1501): I-Navoi yazisa ulwimi lwesiuzbek kwihlabathi elibhaliweyo. Indlela yakhe yokubhala kunye nokubhala yayimodeli yeembongi kunye nababhali bexesha elizayo.
2. U-abdurashid Ibrahimov (1922-2011): U-Ibrahimov wayeyingcali yeelwimi eyaziwayo yaseuzbek eyayinegalelo ekuphuhliseni i-orthography yanamhlanje kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni kwesipelingi kunye negrama.
3. Uzebunisa Jamalova (1928-2015): Ujamalova wayengomnye wabasetyhini bokuqala ukubhala ngolwimi lwesiuzbek kwaye imisebenzi yakhe ihlala inempembelelo namhlanje.
4. U-Muhandislar qulamov (1926-2002): U-Qulamov wayenoxanduva lokuphuhlisa i-alfabhethi yolwimi lwesiuzbek, esele yamkelwe ngamanye iilwimi ezininzi.
5. Usharof Rashidov (1904-1983): Urashidov ubizwa ngokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiuzbek ngexesha Lesoviet kwaye ayenze ibe yinxalenye yekharityhulam ezikolweni. Ukwathe ukhuthaze ukusetyenziswa koncwadi nenkcubeko yaseuzbek.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesiuzbek?

Ulwimi lwesiuzbek lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluyinxalenye yosapho Lwealtaic, oluquka isiturkish nesimongolia. Kubhalwe kwialfabhethi yesilatini kwaye inezinto ezithile zesiarabhu, isipersi nesirashiya. Ulwimi lunezandi ezisibhozo zezikhamiso, izandi ezingamashumi amabini anesibini, amadoda amathathu (indoda, ibhinqa, kunye ne-neuter), iimeko ezine (ukutyunjwa, ukutyhola, i-dative, kunye ne-genitive), izenzi ezine (ezikhoyo, ezidlulileyo, ezizayo kunye nexesha elidlulileyo), kunye nemiba emibini (ephelele kwaye engafezekanga). Umyalelo wegama ngokuyinhloko-Into-Isenzi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesiuzbek ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana utitshala ofanelekileyo okanye umhlohli ukuze ufunde ulwimi lwesiuzbek. Ukuba notitshala oqeqeshiweyo okanye umhlohli kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ufunda ulwimi ngokuchanekileyo nangesantya sakho.
2. Zinike ixesha lokufunda. Zama ukubekela bucala ixesha suku ngalunye ukuze uziqhelise uze uhlolisise umbandela owufundayo.
3. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi. Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi kunye neeapps zeselfowuni ezibonelela ngezifundo kunye nokuzilolonga ekufundeni ulwimi lwesiuzbek.
4. Funda amabinzana ancokolayo kuqala. Kubalulekile ukuba ugxile ekufundeni amabinzana asisiseko okuncokola ngaphambi kokuba uye kwizihloko ezinzima zegrama.
5. Mamela umculo waseuzbek kwaye ubukele iifilimu zase-Uzbek KUNYE nemiboniso YETV. Ukumamela umculo, iividiyo, kunye neefilimu yindlela entle yokuzifaka kulwimi nakwinkcubeko.
6. Nxibelelana nezithethi zomthonyama. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, zama ukufumana isithethi somthonyama saseuzbek esinokukunceda uziqhelanise nokuthetha nokubhala ngolwimi.