Isicatala Macedonian Guqulela

Isicatalan lulwimi lothando oluthethwa ikakhulu Espain Naseandorra, nakwezinye iindawo Zaseyurophu Ezinje Ngeitali, Ifransi, Nemalta. Ulwimi olusemthethweni lommandla Wasecatalonia Espain kwaye ikwathethwa kwimimandla ekufutshane Yasevalencia nakwiziqithi Zebalearic. Ngenxa yembali yayo eyahlukileyo, nangona inezinto ezininzi ezifanayo nezinye iilwimi Zasespain, lulwimi olwahlukileyo ngokwalo, kwaye uguqulelo phakathi kwecatalan nezinye iilwimi Zaseyurophu lunokwenza izinto ezininzi kunye nobuqili zilahleke ngokulula.

Kumashishini afuna ukunxibelelana nabathengi abathetha isicatalan okanye abasebenzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zibalulekile. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa abaguquleli abanamava nabaqeqeshiweyo abaqhelananga nolwimi kuphela, kodwa nayo nayiphi na into yenkcubeko. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kuguqulelwa amaxwebhu afana nezivumelwano zomthetho. Ukongeza, njengoko Imithetho Ye-European Union kufuneka yenziwe ifumaneke kuzo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni ZE-EU, uguqulelo kwicatalan luyimfuneko kuzo zonke iinkampani eziqhuba ishishini kwi-EU.

Ngokufanayo, umxholo we-intanethi njengeewebhusayithi, amaphulo okuthengisa kunye nezithuba zemidiya yoluntu kufuneka ziguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo kubaphulaphuli basecatalan. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule ziqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zichanile yaye zikhululekile kuzo naziphi na iimpazamo, yaye zisasebenza nanamhlanje yaye zifanele ngokwamasiko azo.

Xa ufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela, kubalulekile ukukhetha umboneleli ngenkonzo onerekhodi ebanzi yomkhondo entsimini. Jonga ulwazi lwabo kunye namava olwimi, kunye neendlela zabo. Ukusebenza nomboneleli ngenkonzo oqeqeshiweyo nonamava kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo zenziwa ngokuchanekileyo nangendlela ethathela ingqalelo ubuntununtunu benkcubeko. Inkonzo yokuguqulela elungileyo iya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo ubekwe kwindawo kwaye ufanelekile kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ukuqukumbela, iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule zibonelela ngonxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kwabaphulaphuli abathetha isicatalan nabangathethi isicatalan. Abaguquleli abanamava nabanolwazi banokunceda amashishini ukuba afikelele kwaye abandakanyeke kwiimarike ekujoliswe kuzo, kunye nokufezekisa izibophelelo zabo zomthetho. Ekugqibeleni, ukulandela la macebiso angasentla kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni iinguqulelo ezisebenzayo nezichanileyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe ekuthethwa ngawo kwicatalan?

Isicatalan sithethwa kumazwe aliqela, Kuquka Ispeyin, Iandorra Nefransi. Ikwabizwa Ngokuba Yivalencian kwezinye Iindawo Zoluntu Lwasevalencian. Ukongeza, isicatalan sithethwa kwizixeko ezizimeleyo Zaseceuta Nasemelilla Emantla Eafrika, nakwiziqithi Zebalearic.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesicatalan?

Ulwimi lwesicatalan lunembali ende kwaye iyahluka, eqala ngenkulungwane ye-10. Ulwimi Lothando, oluthetha ukuba luvela kwisilatini, kwaye luneengcambu zalo kumntla-mpuma we-Peninsula Yase-Iberia. Isicatalan yayilulwimi Lwesithsaba Sasearagon, esasiquka Iinxalenye zefransi yanamhlanje, I-Itali Nespeyin ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11 ukusa kweye-15. Ngeli xesha ulwimi lwasasazeka emazantsi nasempuma kuwo wonke ummandla.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, isicatalan siye sachukunyiswa kakhulu zezinye iilwimi kuquka isifrentshi, ispanish nesitaliyane. Kumaxesha Aphakathi, yayilulwimi olusemthethweni Lobukumkani Basemajorca kwaye yaba lulwimi olukhethwayo kwiinkundla Zasecatalonia Nasearagon. Kwakhona kwasetyenziswa kwiindawo Ezithile Zasevalencia Nasebalearic Islands. Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi lwakwazi ukugcina iimpawu zalo ezizodwa nangona lwamkela izinto zezinye iilwimi.
Ngenkulungwane ye-18, xa Amabala alawula lo mmandla, isicatalan sathatyathelw ' indawo sisispanish njengolwimi olusemthethweni saza sabhengeza ukuba akukho semthethweni kwiindawo ezithile zommandla. Lo mqathango wawuqhubeka kude kube phakathi kwekhulu le-19 kwaye ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwavuselela ukuthandwa. Olu lwimi ngoku lubonwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Espain Nasefransi, kwaye luye lwafumana ixesha lokuvuselelwa kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesicatalan?

1. Ujaume II Wasearagon (1267-1327): wadibanisa isicatalan kunye nezinye iilwimi Kunye neelwimi Zepeninsula Yase-Iberia, ukudala isandulela kwicatalan yanamhlanje.
2. Upompeu Fabra (1868-1948): Ngokufuthi obizwa ngokuba "nguyise wecatalan yanamhlanje," Ufabra wayengumphilologist owaziwayo owamisela umgangatho kunye nokucwangcisa igrama yolwimi.
3. Ujoan Coromines (1893-1997): Icoromines yabhala isichazi-magama esichazayo solwimi lwesicatalan, esihlala siyincwadi ebalulekileyo yeembekiselo namhlanje.
4. Usalvador Espriu (1913-1985): U-Espriu wayeyimbongi, umbhali wokudlala, kunye nombhali wezincoko oncedise ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kwecatalan kuncwadi.
5. Ugabriel Ferrater (1922-1972): Uferrater wayeyimbongi kunye nomlobi weengoma zakhe ziye zaba yimifanekiso yamasiko asecatalan.

Uluphi ulwimi lwecatalan?

Ulwakhiwo lolwimi lwasecatalan lulandela i-svo (Umxholo-Isenzi-Into) umyalelo wegama. Lulwimi oludityanisiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba igama ngalinye linokudlulisela iziqwenga ezininzi zolwazi lwegrama. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-morphology yolwimi ziquka isini, inombolo kunye nesivumelwano sesichazi. Kukho iintlobo ezine zokudibanisa ngomlomo, ezenza iiparadigms zomlomo ngokuxhomekeke kumntu, inombolo, inkalo kunye nomoya. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zezibizo: ukuzimisela nokuzimisela. Izibizo ezimiselweyo ziphethe amanqaku angaphezulu, ngelixa izibizo ezingagqitywanga zingenzi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwecatalan ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi elungileyo yolwimi lwesicatalan okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi-Khangela into egubungela iziseko zegrama kunye nesigama, kwaye inemizekelo kunye nokuzivocavoca ukukunceda uziqhelanise.
2. Sebenzisa ii-apps zolwimi-Sebenzisa usetyenziso lweselfowuni olufana Neduolingo, olunikezela ngezifundo zenqanaba lokuqala lesicatalan kwaye lusebenzisa imidlalo ukukunceda ufunde.
3. Ukubukela iifilimu zasecatalan - Ukubukela iifilimu ecatalan yindlela enhle yokufumana iindlebe zakho ngolwimi.
4. Funda ngesicatalan-Zama ukufumana iincwadi, iimagazini, okanye amaphephandaba abhalwe ngesicatalan, nokuba ufunda nje amaphepha ambalwa, kunokukunceda ukuba uthathe amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana.
5. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama - zininzi iipodcasts, imiboniso kanomathotholo, kunye neenkqubo ZIKAMABONWAKUDE ezikhoyo ecatalan ke zisebenzise ukukunceda ufumane ukubizwa kwakho ngokufanelekileyo.
6. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha – eyona ndlela yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi kukuyisebenzisa. Baninzi Catalan-ukuthetha zoluntu jikelele ehlabathini ngoko ke kufuneka kube lula ukufumana umntu ukuba baqeqeshe.

Inguqulelo yasemacedonia yinkonzo eyimfuneko eqeshiweyo xa ujonge ukunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo ngolwimi lwasemacedonia. Ulwimi Lweslavic, oluthethwa kakhulu Emantla Emakedoni kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezisemthethweni zelizwe. Abantu bahlala befuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasemacedonia xa befuna ukunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo nabathengi, oogxa, okanye amaqabane oshishino ngolwimi.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasemacedonia zinikezelwa ziinkampani ezininzi zokuguqulela ezijolise ekuguquleleni amaxwebhu, iiwebhusayithi, kunye nezinye izinto kwisimacedonia. Abaguquleli abaziingcali banokuguqulela zonke iintlobo zamaxwebhu, kubandakanya amaxwebhu asemthethweni nawemali, ukuthengisa okanye izinto zeshishini, amaxwebhu obuchwephesha kunye nokunye. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokudala umxholo wendawo kubaphulaphuli abathetha imacedonia. Xa kuziwa ekuhlaleni kwewebhusayithi, abaguquleli abaziingcali baqinisekisa ukuba iwebhusayithi eguqulelweyo ijongeka kwaye ivakalelwa njengomthombo wokuqala. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi banamava amnandi xa bekhangela iwebhusayithi ngolwimi lwabo lwenkobe.

Uguqulelo oluchanileyo nolusebenzayo lwesimakedoni lufuna ulwazi olunzulu ngolwimi nenkcubeko yalo. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo basebenzisa inkqubo engqongqo yokukhetha ngaphambi kokuba baqeshwe ukugqiba iprojekthi yokuguqulela. Le projekthi ikwajongwa ngocoselelo ngabahleli ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Abaguquleli abaziingcali baqhelene nemibono yolwimi, enceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba inguqulelo ayichananga nje kuphela, kodwa ikwafanelekile ngokwenkcubeko.

Ukuqesha umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo wasemacedonia kunokuba luncedo xa kufikwa ekudaleni ubukho obunempumelelo bamazwe ngamazwe. Iinguqulelo ezenziwe yingcali zicacile kwaye zibanzi, zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho ufika ngokucacileyo kwaye ngaphandle kokungaqondani. Ukutyala imali kwingcali umguquleli wasemacedonia linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukuba uxwebhu lwakho okanye iwebhusayithi iguqulelwe ngokufanelekileyo kulwimi ekujoliswe kulo. Ikwabonisa ukuba ukhathalele ukubonelela ngeemveliso ezisemgangathweni okanye iinkonzo kubaxumi bakho abathetha isimacedonia.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasemakedoni?

Ulwimi lwasemakedoni luthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yasemantla Emacedonia, Eserbia Nasealbania. Ikwathethwa nakwimimandla Yasebulgaria, Egrisi Nasemontenegro, nakwimimandla yabaphambukeli Eostreliya, Ekhanada, Ejamani Naseunited states.

Liliphi igama lemakedoni livela phi?

Imbali yolwimi lwasemakedoni inokulandelwa emva kwekhulu le-9 AD xa yayisetyenziswe ngendlela Yolwimi Lwakudala Lwesislavonic. Ngeli xesha, ezininzi iilwimi ezikhoyo zasebulgaria Nasemontenegrin zazalwa. Ngenkulungwane ye-11, Islavonic Endala Yecawa yavula ulwimi Lwasemacedonia. Ngexesha Le-Ottoman, ulwimi lwaphenjelelwa ngamagama aseturkey nesiarabhu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, emva kokusekwa Kwebulgaria Exarchate, kwavela inguqulelo esemgangathweni yolwimi ngoku eyaziwa njengolwimi lwasemacedonia lwangoku. Emva Kwemfazwe Yasebalkan ka-1912-13, imakedoni yabhengezwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni lobukumkani baseserbia, obathi kamva baba Yiyugoslavia. Emva KWEMFAZWE YEHLABATHI II, Imacedonia yazibiza ngokuba yiriphabliki yaza ngoko nangoko yamkela imacedonia njengolwimi lwayo lwaseburhulumenteni. Oku kwamkelwa ngokusesikweni ngo-1993 ngokusekwa Kweriphabhlikhi Yasemakedoni.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasemakedoni?

1. Ukrste Misirkov (1874-1926) - ingcali yeelwimi kunye nefilosofi eyabhala incwadi Malunga Nemicimbi yasemacedonia, ebizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi wokuqala wokubhala ngokubhala ulwimi lwasemacedonia.
2. U-Kuzman Shapkarev (1880-1966) - umphengululi ophando olunzulu ngolwimi lwasemacedonia waseka isiseko solwimi olusemthethweni lwasemacedonia lwanamhlanje.
3. Blaže Koneski (1921-1993) - a linguist nembongi owayeyintloko yesebe ulwimi Macedonian Kwi Institute of Literature Macedonian E Skopje yaye omnye abayili eziphambili ulwimi Macedonian mihla.
4. Ugjorgji Pulevski (1892-1966) - i-polymath kunye nomphengululi owabhala incwadi yokuqala epheleleyo yegrama ngolwimi lwasemacedonia waza waqulunqa imithetho yayo emininzi.
5. U-Koco Rain (1908-1943) - imbongi ebonwa njengoyise weencwadi zanamhlanje zasemacedonia. Wabhala eminye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu esebenzisa ulwimi lwasemacedonia kwaye ngumntu obalulekileyo kwimbali yesizwe nakwinkcubeko yayo.

Njani ulwimi lwasemakedoni?

Ulwimi lwasemacedonia lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwayo luyafana nolunye ulwimi kusapho olufana nesibulgaria Nesiserbo-croatia. Inomyalelo wesigwebo Somxholo-Isenzi kwaye yenza ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-inflection yesenzi. Ulwimi lusebenzisa zombini iindlela Zokwenziwa kunye Nohlalutyo lokudiliza kunye nokudibanisa. Izibizo zinamatyala asixhenxe kunye namadoda amabini, kwaye kukho izenzi ezine. Izichazi ziyavumelana nezibizo eziguqula isini, inombolo, kunye netyala.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasemakedoni ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi elungileyo yolwimi lwasemacedonia kwaye uzintywilisele kulwimi. Fumana incwadi yegrama ngemithambo onokuyisebenzisa ukuze uziqhelanise kwaye ufunde ulwimi.
2. Mamela umculo wasemacedonia kwaye ubukele iividiyo okanye iimuvi emacedonia. Oku kuya kukunceda ukwazi ulwimi kunye nokubiza kwalo.
3. Thetha nezithethi zomthonyama zasemakedoni. Oku kuya kukunika amava okwenyani kwaye kukuncede ufunde ngokukhawuleza. Unokufumana izithethi zomthonyama kwi-intanethi okanye ngeentlanganiso zendawo okanye uluntu.
4. Ukubhalisa emacedonia. Ukubhala kukunceda uqonde ngcono igrama, isakhiwo kunye nopelo lolwimi.
5. Fumana Macedonian ifani isasazeka. Rekhoda amagama, amabinzana, kunye neencoko ozifumanayo ekufundeni kwakho. Ukuphonononga rhoqo isigama kunye nokuzilolonga kwegrama.
6. Sebenzisa izixhobo zolwimi zasemacedonia ezikwi-intanethi ezinje ngeeapps kunye neewebhusayithi. Zininzi iinkqubo ezikwi-intanethi ezibonelela ngezifundo ezisebenzisanayo kunye nokuzilolonga ukukunceda ufunde.