Isicroatian Basquename Guqulela

Uguqulelo Lwemalta lwenza ukuba abantu baqonde ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Yasemalta, isiqithi Kulwandle Lwemeditera emazantsi Esicily. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwemalta Yimalta, ulwimi Lwesimitic olubhalwa kusetyenziswa oonobumba besilatini. Nangona Imalta ifana nesiarabhu, inomahluko othile, okwenza kube nzima kwabo bangengabo abathetha bomthonyama ukuba baqonde ngaphandle kwenguqulelo Yasemalta.

Imalta inembali ende, enokulandelwa Emva Kwamafenike namaroma. Kangangeenkulungwane, ezinye iilwimi ziye zaphembelela Ukuphuhliswa Kwesimalta, njengesitaliyane, isingesi nesifrentshi. Ngenxa yoku, kubalulekile ukufumana uguqulelo Lwesimalta ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo izinto zolwimi.

Xa kuziwa ekufumaneni uguqulelo oluchanekileyo Lwemalta, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule zinokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokutolika kuwo nawaphi na amaxwebhu okanye isicatshulwa, ukusukela kumaxwebhu oshishino ukuya kumaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye nonyango. Ukusebenza nenkonzo yokuguqulela ngobuchule kuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umbhalo uguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo, ugcina intsingiselo yoqobo kunye nenjongo.

Ukuba ujonga ukhetho olusebenzayo ngakumbi, kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi. Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngeenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi, kubandakanya Imalta. Nangona iinkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi zinokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo, zisenokungasoloko zibandakanya yonke into yenkcubeko. Ke ngoko, uguqulelo Lwemalta yedijithali lusetyenziswa ngcono kumaxwebhu alula kunye neetekisi.

Ekugqibeleni, kukho izichazi-magama Ezininzi Zesimalta-isingesi ezifumanekayo, zombini kwi-intanethi nakwifomu yokuprinta. Ezi zichazi-magama zinokukunika iinguqulelo ezichanileyo zamagama, kunye neengcebiso eziluncedo kwigrama kunye nokubiza amagama. Ngelixa iinguqulelo zesichazi-magama zinokuba luncedo, zihlala zilinganiselwe kububanzi kwaye akufuneki zisetyenziselwe amaxwebhu antsonkothileyo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lweenguqulelo Zesitaliyane ozifunayo, kubalulekile ukufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule zinokukunika iinguqulelo ezichanileyo, ngoxa iinkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi nezichazi-magama zinokuba luncedo kwiinguqulelo ezisisiseko. Nokuba ukhetha ntoni, inguqulelo Yasemalta inokukunika ukuqonda okungcono kolwimi nenkcubeko Yasemalta.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasemalta?

Imalta ithethwa ikakhulu Emalta, kodwa ikwathethwa ngamalungu E-Diaspora Yasemalta kwamanye amazwe Afana Ne-Australia, Canada, Jamani, Italy, I-United Kingdom Kunye Ne-United states.

Yintoni Imbali Yolwimi Lwasemalta?

Ulwimi Lwasemalta lunembali ende kwaye eyahlukileyo, enobungqina obuqala emva kwenkulungwane ye-10 AD. Kukholelwa ukuba iguquke kwiilwimi Zesiculo-arabhu ezithethwa ngabahlali abavela Enyakatho Afrika Kwi-Middle Ages, ezaye ziphenjelelwa kakhulu yintaliyane, isifrentshi, ispanish nesingesi. Njengoko isiqithi Sasemalta sasilawulwa ngamagunya ahlukeneyo kwimbali yaso, ulwimi lwathatha amagama ahlukeneyo kunye namabinzana kwiilwimi zamagunya awayehlala kwesi siqithi. Ngenxa yoko, Imalta yenye yeelwimi ezizodwa Eyurophu, kwaye isichazi-magama sayo siqulathe izinto zazo zonke iinkcubeko ebeziyinxalenye yembali yayo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasemalta?

1) Umikiel Anton Vassalli (1764-1829): Owaziwa ngokuba "Nguyise Wolwimi Lwasemalta", Uvassalli wayengumfilosofi Wolwimi Lwasemalta, ifilosofi kunye ne-philologist owayengowokuqala ukulungelelanisa ulwimi Lwasemalta.
I-Dun Karm Psaila (1871-1961): imbongi kunye nembongi yokuqala yesizwe Yasemalta, Upsaila wabhala Kakhulu Ngesimalta kwaye wayenoxanduva lokongezwa kunye nokwandiswa koluhlu lwamagama amatsha kunye namabinzana ngolwimi.
3) Guze Muscat Azzopardi( 1927-2007): utitshala, ingcali yeelwimi, kunye nomfundi weencwadi Zasemalta, Uazzopardi wabhala ngokubanzi Ngesimalta, kunye nokuvelisa isifundo esikhulu solwimi kunye noncwadi lolwimi olusebenza njengesiseko solwimi lwangoku Lwasemalta.
U-Anton van Lear (1905-1992): umfundisi Wamajesuit, Uvan Lear wayengomnye wabantu abaphambili kwicandelo lolwimi Lwesimalta kunye noncwadi ngenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaye unoxanduva lokudala inkqubo yopelo oluchanekileyo lolwimi.
Ujoe Friggieri (1936-2020): imbongi yasemalta kunye nombhali, Ufriggieri wabhala ngokubanzi ngesingesi Nangesimalta kwaye wayeligalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lolwimi lwangoku Lwasemalta, kunye nokuqwalaselwa njengomnye wababhali abaphambili kwimibongo Yasemalta.

Ulwakhiwo Njani ulwimi Lwemalta?

Isakhiwo Semalta sifana nesiarabhu, apho amagama akhiwa kwiingcambu ezintathu. Isakhiwo siphenjelelwa kakhulu sisifrentshi nesitaliyane, kunye nokongezwa kwenqaku eliqinisekileyo ngaphambi kwezibizo kunye nobukho bezifinyezo ezimbalwa zesilatini. Imalta inenombolo ephindwe kabini, okuthetha ukuba izibizo, izichazi kunye nezenzi zingafakelwa kwifom enye okanye ezimbini.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasemalta ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zegrama Yasemalta kunye nokubiza amagama. Khangela izixhobo ze-intanethi kunye nezifundo ezichaza imigaqo yegrama, kunye nendlela yokubiza amagama ngokuqonda.
2. Fumana iqabane lokutshintshiselana ngolwimi okanye iqela onokuziqhelanisa nalo. Ukuthetha nomntu osele ethetha Nesimalta yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda.
3. Mamela unomathotholo Wasemalta, iimuvi kunye neenkqubo zikamabonwakude. Nika ingqalelo kulwimi kwaye uzame ukuphinda into oyivayo.
4. Sebenzisa usetyenziso olufana Neduolingo ukwenza isigama kunye negrama. Kungaluncedo ukuba ube nendlela ecwangcisiweyo yokuziqhelanisa nezakhono zakho zolwimi.
5. Yenza abahlobo Basemalta. Le yindlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kuba iya kukunika iincoko eziyinyani, kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ezikulungele ukukunceda ufunde.
6. Ndwendwela Imalta, ukuba unako. Zifake kulwimi, inkcubeko kunye nabantu Basemalta. Uya kuthatha ulwimi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngale ndlela!

Inguqulelo yasebasque yintsimi ekhethekileyo yokutolika apho amagama avela kulwimi Lwasebasque, ulwimi lwakudala oluthethwa ngabantu abancinci ngokusekwe Ikakhulu Kusingasiqithi Wase-Iberia Osemantla, aguqulelwa kolunye ulwimi. Ngelixa Ibasque ingathethwa ngokubanzi ngaphandle kwemimandla yayo yomthonyama, kukho iimfuno ezandayo zokuguqulela amaxwebhu kunye nonxibelelwano kolu lwimi kuzo zombini iinjongo zeshishini kunye nezobuqu.

Zininzi izinto ezenza inguqulelo Yebasque yahluke kwezinye iilwimi. Okokuqala, lulwimi olungelulo Olwe-Indo-European olungenazo izihlobo ezisondeleyo okanye olufana nolunye ulwimi ehlabathini. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaguquleli kufuneka babe nolwazi olunzulu lolwimi kwaye babe nobuchule obukhulu bokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo. Okwesibini, Ulwimi Lwasebasque luneelwimi ezininzi kunye ne-accents ezingahluka kakhulu nakwindawo encinci yejografi. Oku kufuna inqanaba lolwazi lwenkcubeko ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo izinto zolwimi.

Xa ufuna umguquleli Wasebasque, qiniseka ukuba baneziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo. Bafanele babe ne-fluency yolwimi, ulwazi olubanzi lwenkcubeko kunye namava entsimini. Ukongezelela, bafanele babe nolwazi olunzulu lwegrama, isivakalisi kunye nesigama solwimi. Oku kubalulekile ekuveliseni iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo kunye nokugcina intsingiselo yomthonyama yesicatshulwa.

Ukongeza ekutolikeni amaxwebhu, abaguquleli Basebasque banokubonelela ngeenkonzo zabo ekutolikeni iincoko eziphilayo, ukurekhodwa komsindo, kunye nezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuguqulelwa kunokuba yimfuneko kwiindawo okanye izikhumbuzo ezifuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ulwimi Lwasebasque luyingqayizivele kwaye luyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yoku, inguqulelo echanekileyo ifuna uncedo lweengcali ezinolwazi ngolwimi, inkcubeko kunye nolwimi lwabantu Basebasque. Ngoncedo lwabo, abantu kunye namashishini ngokufanayo banokuvala umsantsa wolwimi phakathi Kwebasque nolunye ulwimi, ukuvumela ukuqonda okungcono kunye nonxibelelwano oluphuculweyo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasebasque?

Ulwimi Lwasebasque luthethwa ikakhulu emantla Espain, Kwilizwe Lasebasque, kodwa ikwathethwa Enavarre (Espain) nakumaphondo Asebasque efrance.

Ziziphi iilwimi Zasebasque?

Ulwimi Lwasebasque lulwimi lwangaphambi kwembali, oluthethwa Kwilizwe Lasebasque nakwimimandla Yasenavarre yasespain Nasefrance amawaka eminyaka. Ulwimi Lwasebasque luhlukile; alunazo izihlobo zolwimi ngaphandle kweentlobo ezimbalwa Ze-Aquitanian eziphantse zaphela. Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kolwimi Lwasebasque kusuka kwi-5th century ad, kodwa kukho ubungqina bobukho bayo ngaphambi koko. Ebudeni Bamaxesha Aphakathi, Ibasque yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengolwimi lwezorhwebo, kwaye amagama amaninzi emali-mboleko afakwe kwezinye iilwimi, ngakumbi ispanish nesifrentshi. Noko ke, ebudeni beenkulungwane ezalandelayo, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kwaqalisa ukuhla. Ngekhulu lama-20, Ibasque yayiphelelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo Ezininzi Zelizwe Lasebasque, kwaye kwezinye iindawo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwavalwa. Eli xesha lokwehla libuyiselwe umva ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kunye nomdla ohlaziyiweyo kulwimi okhokelela ekubeni kwenziwe amanyathelo okukhusela nokukhuthaza ulwimi. Kwenziwe iinzame zokwandisa ukusetyenziswa Kwebasque ezikolweni nakwiinkonzo zikarhulumente, kwaye ngoku ifundiswa kwezinye izikolo Kwilizwe Lasebasque. Ulwimi lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumajelo eendaba,uncwadi kunye nobugcisa bokwenza. Ngaphandle kwezi nzame, ulwimi Lwasebasque lusengozini, kwaye kuphela malunga ne-33% yabantu Kwilizwe Lasebasque abakwaziyo ukuthetha namhlanje.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasebasque?

1. Usabino Arana (1865-1903): Ibasque yesizwe, ipolitiki kunye nombhali. Wayenguvulindlela kwi-Basque language revival movement kwaye unikezelwa ngokudala inkqubo yokupela yasebasque.
2. Uvuko Umaría De Azkue (1864-1951): Ingcali Yeelwimi kunye nombhali wesichazi-magama owabhala isichazi-magama sokuqala Sasebasque-ispanish.
3. Ubernardo Estornés Lasa (1916-2008): uprofesa Obalaseleyo weencwadi Zebasque, umbhali kunye nembongi. Waqulunqa i-Orthography yokuqala Yasebasque.
4. Koldo Mitxelena (1915-1997): Ingcali Yeelwimi Kunye nonjingalwazi Webasque Philology. Wayengomnye wabasunguli beelwimi Zasebasque zanamhlanje.
5. Upello Erroteta (owazalwa ngo-1954): Umbhali Wenoveli, umbhali wokudlala kunye nonjingalwazi Woncwadi Lwasebasque. Ubhale ngokubanzi malunga nenkcubeko Yasebasque kwaye wakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwebasque kwiincwadi.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Lwasebasque?

Ulwimi Lwasebasque lulwimi oludibeneyo, oku kuthetha ukuba longeza izimamva kunye nezimaphambili kumagama ukubonisa intsingiselo. Is syntax ikakhulu sisihloko-izimvo kulwakhiwo, apho isihloko siza kuqala kwaye umxholo ophambili ulandela. Kwakhona, kukho i-verticism yokuqala. I-Basque ine-inflection ezimbini zomlomo: enye yezinto ezikhoyo kunye neyexesha elidlulileyo, kunye neemeko ezintathu (ezibonisa, ukuzithoba, ukunyanzeliswa). Ukongeza, ulwimi luqulethe inani leeklasi zezibizo, ezigqitywe ngesikhamiso sokugqibela segama kunye nesini sesibizo.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasebasque ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Ukutyala imali kwizixhobo zokufunda ezinjengeencwadi zezifundo okanye iikhosi ezikwi-intanethi. Ibasque yenye yeelwimi ezindala Eyurophu kwaye kunokuba nzima ukufunda ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezaneleyo.
2. Mamela iinkqubo zikanomathotholo, ubukele iinkqubo zikamabonwakude, kwaye ufunde ezinye iincwadi Ebasque. Oku kuya kukunika ukuqonda okungcono kolwimi kwaye kukubonise ngemizekelo yehlabathi lokwenyani yendlela esetyenziswa ngayo.
3. Thatha iiklasi. Iiyunivesithi zasekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho ngamanye amaxesha zibonelela ngeeklasi zolwimi okanye ukufundisa Ebasque. Ezi klasi zihlala zinika ithuba elihle lokuba neencoko kunye nezithethi zomthonyama kwaye ufumane amava asebenzayo.
4. Ziqhelise ukuthetha. Ukubiza ibasque kunokuba ngumceli mngeni. Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo kunye nengxelo evela kwizithethi zomthonyama kunokukunceda ukuba ukhululeke ngakumbi ngolwimi.
5. Fumana iqabane lencoko. Fumana Umntu othetha Nebasque kwaye angathanda ukunxibelelana nawe ubuncinci kube kanye ngeveki. Ukuba neqabane lencoko kunokuba yindlela entle yokuhlala ukhuthazekile kwaye ufunde ulwimi kwimeko.