Isiczech Isifinnish Guqulela

Czech yenye yeelwimi ezininzi umdla ehlabathini. Ithethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Ukusebenzisa inguqulelo yesiczech kunokuba yindlela entle yokuqinisekisa ukuba ishishini lakho, iwebhusayithi, okanye unxibelelwano lwendawo efanelekileyo ukufikelela kule ntengiso ibalulekileyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo ngenkonzo yokuguqulela yaseczech, kubalulekile ukuqonda ubunzima bokuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo ukusuka eczech. Isiczech lulwimi Lwesislavic, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inesakhiwo sayo esikhethekileyo segrama, oonobumba abohlukeneyo, neziyelelane eziliqela. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaguquleli kufuneka babe nobuchule kulwimi lwesiczech nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo ukuze baguqulele ngempumelelo.

Ukuba ufuna inkonzo ethembekileyo yeenguqulelo, kufuneka ukhangele inkampani enamava kunye nobuchule kulwimi lwesiczech. Kufuneka bakwazi ukunika iinguqulelo ezichanileyo nezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko. Umguquleli olungileyo uya kuba nolwazi olunzulu lwenkcubeko yendawo ukuze bakwazi ukufumana umxholo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba kufanelekile ngokwenkcubeko.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuguqulela isiczech. Abaguquleli kufuneka bakwazi ukufumana umyalezo ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle kokulalanisa ithoni okanye injongo yombhalo wokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo lukhangelwe ngokuchanekileyo sisithethi somthonyama saseczech ngaphambi kokuba sipapashwe.

Ekugqibeleni, inkonzo elungileyo yokuguqulela yaseczech iya kubonelela ngamaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha lihlala liyinto ebalulekileyo xa kuziwa ekuhlaleni, ke kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba inkonzo oyikhethayo inokuhambisa kwimihla ebekiweyo ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho.

Xa kuziwa kwinguqulelo yesiczech, kubalulekile ukufumana inkonzo yobungcali eqonda izinto zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngenkonzo yokuguqulela efanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo wakho wendawo ngokuchanekileyo, unxibelelene ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye wamkelwe kakuhle ngabantu abathetha isiczech.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech ikakhulu luthethwa Kwiriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Kukho nabantu abathetha isiczech Eostriya, Ejamani, Ehungary, Epoland, Eslovakia Naseukraine. Ikwathethwa ngamanani amancinci abantu kwamanye amazwe, Afana Neostreliya, Ikhanada, Icroatia, Ifransi, I-Itali, Iromania, Iserbia, Neunited states.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi Olusentshona Slavonic, inxalenye yentsapho Yeelwimi Zaseyurophu. Oku kuhambelana kakhulu neslovak kwaye ulwimi olusemthethweni Lweriphabhlikhi yaseczech. Ulwimi luye lwaphenjelelwa kakhulu ngesilatini, isijamani nesipolish ukutyhubela iinkulungwane.
Ubungqina bokuqala bolwimi buqala emva kwinkulungwane ye-10, xa yaqala ukubhalwa kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiczech Republic. Ngelo xesha, ulwimi Lwalubizwa Ngokuba Yi-Bohemian kwaye lwaluthethwa kakhulu kummandla Wasebohemian. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-11 neye-12, yavela Kwicawa Yakudala Islavonic, nangona yayisagcina ezinye iinkalo zolwimi lwantlandlolo.
Ngekhulu le-14, ulwimi lwesiczech lwaqala ukusetyenziswa kwifom ebhaliweyo kwaye inguqu yokuqala yolwimi, eyaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Middle Czech, yavela. Ngeli xesha, ulwimi lwenziwa utshintsho oluninzi ngenxa yempembelelo yesilatini, isijamani nesipolish kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe lwaphuhliswa lwaba yiczech Yanamhlanje.
Ngowe-1882, Ingcali yeelwimi Yesiczech Čeněk Zíbrt yapapasha igrama yakhe yesiczech, eyayisebenza njengesiseko sokumiselwa kwemigangatho yolwimi. Olu lwimi lwadityaniswa kamva phantsi Komthetho Wamaothography wesiczech ka-1943, owaseka ulwimi olubhaliweyo oluqhelekileyo kwiriphabhlikhi yonke yaseczech.
Ukususela ngoko, olu lwimi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula yaye lukhula, yaye namhlanje luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 eczech Republic Naseslovakia.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiczech?

1. Ujan Hus (malunga no-1369-1415): umguquleli wezenkolo waseczech, isifilosofi, kunye nomhlohli wezakwalizwi Kwiyunivesithi Yasecharles Eprague, Ujan Hus wayenempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi lwesiczech. Ukushumayela kwakhe nemibhalo yakhe enempembelelo yabhalwa ngesiczech yaza yanceda ekuqiniseni isimo sayo njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ebohemia.
2. Uváclav Hladký (1883-1949): ingcali yeelwimi yesiczech kunye nonjingalwazi Weelwimi Zeslavic Kwiyunivesithi Yasecharles Eprague, Uváclav Hladký wabhala imisebenzi emininzi kulwimi lwesiczech, kuquka Igrama yesiczech Kunye Ne-Orthography. Kwakhona waba negalelo elikhulu Isithethe Ulwimi Czechoslovak State, leyo yamkelwa 1926 kwaye ihlala umgangatho osemthethweni Czech namhlanje.
3. Boženaěmcová (1820-1862): Eyaziwa Kakhulu ngenoveli Yakhe Ubabička( Ugogo), Uboženaěmcová wayengumntu omkhulu kwiczech National Revival movement kwaye phakathi kwababhali bokuqala ukubhala ngokubanzi ngesiczech. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo ekuveleni kolwimi loncwadi lwesiczech kwaye yanceda ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuncwadi.
4. Ujosef Jungmann (1773-1847): imbongi kunye nengcali yeelwimi, Ujosef Jungmann waba negalelo ekwakheni ulwimi lwesiczech. Ubizwa ngokuba ukwazisa amagama amaninzi avela kwezinye iilwimi, njengesijamani, isitaliyane nesifrentshi, ngesiczech, kwaye wanceda ukuseka ulwimi lwesiczech njengolwimi loncwadi.
5. Prokop Diviš (1719-1765): i-linguist kunye ne-polyglot, Iprokop Diviš ithathwa njengenye yookhokho beelwimi zaseczech. Wabhala ngokubanzi kwiilwimi zokuthelekisa, igrama, kunye ne-phonology, kwaye uncedwa ekuncedeni ukuguqula ulwimi lwesiczech kwaye lwenze lufaneleke ngakumbi ekubhaleni ngokusemthethweni.

Njani ulwimi lwesiczech?

Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi Lwasentshona Slavic, oko kuthetha ukuba lolwentsapho efanayo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic ezifana nesipolish, islovak nesirashiya. Zineempawu ezahlukileyo ezenza ukuba zahluke kwezinye iilwimi.
Ulwimi lwesiczech lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom yabo kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwabo kwisivakalisi. Ikwaqulethe i-agglutination, oko kuthetha ukuba izimaphambili kunye nezimamva zongezwa kumagama ukwenza amagama amatsha okanye ukubonisa intsingiselo. I-Czech inamatyala asixhenxe (ngokwahlukileyo kwisingesi esinezihloko ezimbini, umxholo kunye nento). Amatyala asixhenxe achaphazela izibizo, izimelabizo, izichazi kunye namanani, kwaye abonisa indima yegama kwisivakalisi.
Ekugqibeleni, isiczech lulwimi lwefonetiki, olunembalelwano phakathi kwamagama abhaliweyo nathethwayo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufunda nokubiza, nangona ngaphandle kokuqonda intsingiselo yamagama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesiczech ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zegrama yesiczech kunye nokubiza amagama. Zininzi iincwadi kunye nezixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ezifumanekayo ukukunceda ufunde iziseko zolwimi.
2. Ntywila kwisigama. Funda amabinzana aphambili kunye namagama aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ukuqala ukwakha isiseko sokuqonda.
3. Zicel ' umngeni ngezihloko ezintsonkothileyo. Pholisha ulwimi lwakho oluthethwayo nolubhaliweyo ngokuqhelisela izivakalisi ezintsonkothileyo, iifom zezenzi, kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo.
4. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama kwaye ubukele iifilimu zangaphandle. Ukuze uphucule ukubiza kwakho kunye nokuqonda ulwimi, jonga imithombo yeendaba efana neenkqubo ZETV,izitishi zerediyo, kunye neepodcasts ukuze uve kwaye uqhelane nesiczech accent kunye nesilang.
5. Chitha ixesha kwilizwe elithetha isiczech. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzifaka ngokupheleleyo kulwimi nakwinkcubeko. Ukuba oku akunjalo, zama ukuthetha nabantu abathetha isiczech okanye usebenzisane namaqela athetha isiczech okanye uluntu.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesifinnish ziye zanda ngakumbi njengoko isifinnish siye saba lulwimi olubalulekileyo kushishino lwehlabathi. Ukuguqulelwa kwisifinnish kufuna ubuchule obuninzi – kungekuphela kolwimi, kodwa nakwinkcubeko yesifinnish, izichazi kunye neenqununu. Iinguqulelo zesifinnish zobungcali zifuna umguquleli onobuchule kakhulu onolwazi olunzulu lolwimi nolwazi olubanzi lwenkcubeko, zombini ezifunekayo ukudlulisa umyalezo ojoliswe kuwo ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo.

Isifinnish lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasefinland, kunye nenani elikhulu labasebenzisi abathetha isifinnish, kodwa kukwakho nenani elikhulu lezithethi zasesweden kweli lizwe. Nangona ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nesweden, isifinnish lulwimi olwahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, kunye negrama kunye nesigama sayo. Abantu abantetho isisixhosa basoloko befuna ukuqondana kuba kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi lwimi zimbini. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iinguqulelo ezisuka kwisingesi ukuya kwisifinnish kufuneka zenziwe ngumguquleli oqeqeshiweyo onomyalelo oqinileyo weelwimi zombini.

Ukongeza ekubeni lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo, isifinnish sisetyenziswa kakhulu kumaxwebhu obugcisa nakwizifundo, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo yokuguqulela ibe nzima ngakumbi. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo lwemiqathango kunye neengqikelelo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nokuqhelana neemfuno zokufomatha ezinxulumene noxwebhu ukuze enze iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezichanekileyo.

Kwangelo xesha, umguquleli kufuneka athathele ingqalelo umahluko ofihlakeleyo kwis syntax, idiom kunye nezivakalisi eziphawula ulwimi lwasefinnish kwaye zinike umtsalane kunye nobuhle bayo obukhethekileyo. Oku kunokufezekiswa kuphela sisithethi somthonyama sasefinland-ngokufanelekileyo umntu oqhelene neziyelelane ezahlukeneyo zolwimi, kuba isifinnish sithethwa ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke ilizwe.

Xa ufuna a isifinnish umguquleli, qiniseka ukufumana umntu olilungu highly experienced, reliable kwaye creative. Abaguquleli basefinland bayakwazi ukubamba intsingiselo yombhalo wokuqala kwiinguqulelo zabo, ngelixa beqwalasela iimpawu zenkcubeko yolwimi olujoliswe kulo. Ukusebenza nomguquleli onjalo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba wena okanye umyalezo weshishini lakho uthunyelwa ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isifinnish?

Ulwimi lwesifinnish Lulwimi olusemthethweni Efinland, apho lunezithethi zomthonyama, Nasesweden, E-Estonia, Enorway Naserashiya.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesifinnish?

Isifinnish lilungu lentsapho Yolwimi Lwesifinno-Urgic kwaye lihambelana kakhulu ne-estonia kunye nezinye iilwimi Ze-Uralic. Kukholelwa ukuba iifom zokuqala zesifinnish zazithethwa malunga ne-800 AD, kodwa iirekhodi ezibhaliweyo zolwimi zibuyela emva kwekhulu le-16 kunye Nenguqulelo Kamikael Agricola Yetestamente entsha kwisifinnish.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19 Ifinland yayiyinxalenye Yobukhosi baserashiya, yaye isirashiya yayilulwimi lukarhulumente nemfundo. Ngenxa yoko, isifinnish sabona ukwehla kokusetyenziswa yaye isimo saso njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni sasicinezelwa. Ngowe-1906 ulwimi lwesifinnish lwafumana isimo esilinganayo nesweden, kwaye ngowe-1919 isifinnish saba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwesifinland esandula ukuzimela.
Ukususela ngoko, isifinnish iye yavuselelwa kule mihla, amagama amatsha namagama okuboleka ayongezwa kulwimi. Ngoku yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Ze-European Union kwaye isetyenziswa kunomathotholo, kumabonwakude, kwiifilimu nakwiincwadi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesifinnish?

1. Uelias Lönnrot (1802 – 1884): Wayegqalwa "Njengoyise Wolwimi lwesifinnish," uelias Lönnrot wayengumfilosofi kunye ne-folklorist eyaqulunqa Ikalevala, i-national epic Yasefinland. Wasebenzisa imibongo neengoma ezindala ukuze enze umbongo odibanisa iziyelelane ezahlukahlukeneyo zolwimi ngendlela emanyeneyo.
2. Umikael Agricola (1510 – 1557): Uagricola uthathwa njengomsunguli wesifinnish esibhaliweyo. Wabhala imibhalo yegrama waza waguqulela Itestamente Entsha ngesifinnish, esanceda ukulungelelanisa ulwimi. Imisebenzi yakhe ihlala ibalulekile unanamhla.
3. U – Jv Snellman (1806-1881): Usnellman wayengumntu wesitatimende, ifilosofi kunye nentatheli eyabhala ngokubanzi ekuxhaseni ulwimi lwasefinnish. Waxela ukuba kufuneka inikwe isimo esilinganayo nesweden, kwaye wabiza ukuphuhliswa kwenkcubeko eyahlukileyo yasefinland.
4. Ukaarle Akseli Gallen-Kalela (1865 – 1931): Ugallen-Kalela wayengumculi kunye nomklami ophefumlelwe Yikalevala kunye neentsomi zayo. Wanceda ukwandisa ulwimi lwesifinnish ngokwenza amabali Ekalevala afikeleleke kubaphulaphuli ngokubanzi ngomsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa.
5. U-Eino Leino (1878 – 1926): Uleino wayeyimbongi ebhala ngesifinnish nesiswedish. Imisebenzi yakhe yayinempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi, kwaye wabhala iincwadi ezininzi zegrama ezisetyenziswayo nanamhla.

Njani ulwimi lwesifinnish?

Ulwimi lwasefinland lunolwakhiwo oluguquguqukayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba amagama adalwa ngokudibanisa iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo, ngesiqhelo ngezimamva okanye izimaphambili, endaweni yokungena. La malungu angabandakanya izibizo, izichazi, izenzi, kunye nezihlomelo kunye namasuntswana kunye nezihlanganisi.
Izibizo ziyancitshiswa zibe ngamatyala angama-15 kwiimeko ezizodwa kunye namatyala angama-7 kwiifom ezininzi. Izenzi zihlanganiswe ngokomntu, inombolo, ixesha, inkalo, isimo sengqondo kunye nelizwi. Kwakhona kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezenzi ezingaqhelekanga. Izichazi kunye nezihlomelo zineendlela zokuthelekisa kunye ne-superlative.
Isifinnish sineelwimi ezintathu eziphambili-entshona, empuma nasemantla. Kukwakho nolwimi olwahlukileyo kwiphondo elizimeleyo Lasecalifornia.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesifinnish ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko: Qala ngokufunda ialfabhethi yesifinnish kunye nendlela yokubiza oonobumba ngokuchanekileyo. Emva koko, funda imigaqo esisiseko yegrama nesigama.
2. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ze-intanethi: Thatha ithuba lezinto ezininzi zokufunda ezikwi-intanethi ezinje ngezifundo zolwimi lwasefinland, iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi.
3. Zintywilisele: Chitha ixesha uncokola nezithethi zomthonyama zasefinland ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okungcono kolwimi kunye neenuances zalo.
4. Ziqhelanise nezakhono zakho imihla ngemihla ngokufunda iincwadi zesifinnish, ukuphulaphula umculo wesifinnish kunye nokubukela iifilimu zesifinnish.
5. Ungaze unikezele: Ukufunda ulwimi olutsha akukaze kube lula, ngoko unganikezeli ukuba ubetha umqobo wendlela. Yiba nomonde uze uzibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni.