Isifinnish Isibosnian Guqulela

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesifinnish ziye zanda ngakumbi njengoko isifinnish siye saba lulwimi olubalulekileyo kushishino lwehlabathi. Ukuguqulelwa kwisifinnish kufuna ubuchule obuninzi – kungekuphela kolwimi, kodwa nakwinkcubeko yesifinnish, izichazi kunye neenqununu. Iinguqulelo zesifinnish zobungcali zifuna umguquleli onobuchule kakhulu onolwazi olunzulu lolwimi nolwazi olubanzi lwenkcubeko, zombini ezifunekayo ukudlulisa umyalezo ojoliswe kuwo ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo.

Isifinnish lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasefinland, kunye nenani elikhulu labasebenzisi abathetha isifinnish, kodwa kukwakho nenani elikhulu lezithethi zasesweden kweli lizwe. Nangona ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nesweden, isifinnish lulwimi olwahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, kunye negrama kunye nesigama sayo. Abantu abantetho isisixhosa basoloko befuna ukuqondana kuba kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi lwimi zimbini. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iinguqulelo ezisuka kwisingesi ukuya kwisifinnish kufuneka zenziwe ngumguquleli oqeqeshiweyo onomyalelo oqinileyo weelwimi zombini.

Ukongeza ekubeni lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo, isifinnish sisetyenziswa kakhulu kumaxwebhu obugcisa nakwizifundo, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo yokuguqulela ibe nzima ngakumbi. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo lwemiqathango kunye neengqikelelo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nokuqhelana neemfuno zokufomatha ezinxulumene noxwebhu ukuze enze iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezichanekileyo.

Kwangelo xesha, umguquleli kufuneka athathele ingqalelo umahluko ofihlakeleyo kwis syntax, idiom kunye nezivakalisi eziphawula ulwimi lwasefinnish kwaye zinike umtsalane kunye nobuhle bayo obukhethekileyo. Oku kunokufezekiswa kuphela sisithethi somthonyama sasefinland-ngokufanelekileyo umntu oqhelene neziyelelane ezahlukeneyo zolwimi, kuba isifinnish sithethwa ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke ilizwe.

Xa ufuna a isifinnish umguquleli, qiniseka ukufumana umntu olilungu highly experienced, reliable kwaye creative. Abaguquleli basefinland bayakwazi ukubamba intsingiselo yombhalo wokuqala kwiinguqulelo zabo, ngelixa beqwalasela iimpawu zenkcubeko yolwimi olujoliswe kulo. Ukusebenza nomguquleli onjalo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba wena okanye umyalezo weshishini lakho uthunyelwa ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isifinnish?

Ulwimi lwesifinnish Lulwimi olusemthethweni Efinland, apho lunezithethi zomthonyama, Nasesweden, E-Estonia, Enorway Naserashiya.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesifinnish?

Isifinnish lilungu lentsapho Yolwimi Lwesifinno-Urgic kwaye lihambelana kakhulu ne-estonia kunye nezinye iilwimi Ze-Uralic. Kukholelwa ukuba iifom zokuqala zesifinnish zazithethwa malunga ne-800 AD, kodwa iirekhodi ezibhaliweyo zolwimi zibuyela emva kwekhulu le-16 kunye Nenguqulelo Kamikael Agricola Yetestamente entsha kwisifinnish.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19 Ifinland yayiyinxalenye Yobukhosi baserashiya, yaye isirashiya yayilulwimi lukarhulumente nemfundo. Ngenxa yoko, isifinnish sabona ukwehla kokusetyenziswa yaye isimo saso njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni sasicinezelwa. Ngowe-1906 ulwimi lwesifinnish lwafumana isimo esilinganayo nesweden, kwaye ngowe-1919 isifinnish saba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwesifinland esandula ukuzimela.
Ukususela ngoko, isifinnish iye yavuselelwa kule mihla, amagama amatsha namagama okuboleka ayongezwa kulwimi. Ngoku yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Ze-European Union kwaye isetyenziswa kunomathotholo, kumabonwakude, kwiifilimu nakwiincwadi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesifinnish?

1. Uelias Lönnrot (1802 – 1884): Wayegqalwa "Njengoyise Wolwimi lwesifinnish," uelias Lönnrot wayengumfilosofi kunye ne-folklorist eyaqulunqa Ikalevala, i-national epic Yasefinland. Wasebenzisa imibongo neengoma ezindala ukuze enze umbongo odibanisa iziyelelane ezahlukahlukeneyo zolwimi ngendlela emanyeneyo.
2. Umikael Agricola (1510 – 1557): Uagricola uthathwa njengomsunguli wesifinnish esibhaliweyo. Wabhala imibhalo yegrama waza waguqulela Itestamente Entsha ngesifinnish, esanceda ukulungelelanisa ulwimi. Imisebenzi yakhe ihlala ibalulekile unanamhla.
3. U – Jv Snellman (1806-1881): Usnellman wayengumntu wesitatimende, ifilosofi kunye nentatheli eyabhala ngokubanzi ekuxhaseni ulwimi lwasefinnish. Waxela ukuba kufuneka inikwe isimo esilinganayo nesweden, kwaye wabiza ukuphuhliswa kwenkcubeko eyahlukileyo yasefinland.
4. Ukaarle Akseli Gallen-Kalela (1865 – 1931): Ugallen-Kalela wayengumculi kunye nomklami ophefumlelwe Yikalevala kunye neentsomi zayo. Wanceda ukwandisa ulwimi lwesifinnish ngokwenza amabali Ekalevala afikeleleke kubaphulaphuli ngokubanzi ngomsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa.
5. U-Eino Leino (1878 – 1926): Uleino wayeyimbongi ebhala ngesifinnish nesiswedish. Imisebenzi yakhe yayinempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi, kwaye wabhala iincwadi ezininzi zegrama ezisetyenziswayo nanamhla.

Njani ulwimi lwesifinnish?

Ulwimi lwasefinland lunolwakhiwo oluguquguqukayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba amagama adalwa ngokudibanisa iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo, ngesiqhelo ngezimamva okanye izimaphambili, endaweni yokungena. La malungu angabandakanya izibizo, izichazi, izenzi, kunye nezihlomelo kunye namasuntswana kunye nezihlanganisi.
Izibizo ziyancitshiswa zibe ngamatyala angama-15 kwiimeko ezizodwa kunye namatyala angama-7 kwiifom ezininzi. Izenzi zihlanganiswe ngokomntu, inombolo, ixesha, inkalo, isimo sengqondo kunye nelizwi. Kwakhona kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezenzi ezingaqhelekanga. Izichazi kunye nezihlomelo zineendlela zokuthelekisa kunye ne-superlative.
Isifinnish sineelwimi ezintathu eziphambili-entshona, empuma nasemantla. Kukwakho nolwimi olwahlukileyo kwiphondo elizimeleyo Lasecalifornia.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesifinnish ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko: Qala ngokufunda ialfabhethi yesifinnish kunye nendlela yokubiza oonobumba ngokuchanekileyo. Emva koko, funda imigaqo esisiseko yegrama nesigama.
2. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ze-intanethi: Thatha ithuba lezinto ezininzi zokufunda ezikwi-intanethi ezinje ngezifundo zolwimi lwasefinland, iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi.
3. Zintywilisele: Chitha ixesha uncokola nezithethi zomthonyama zasefinland ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okungcono kolwimi kunye neenuances zalo.
4. Ziqhelanise nezakhono zakho imihla ngemihla ngokufunda iincwadi zesifinnish, ukuphulaphula umculo wesifinnish kunye nokubukela iifilimu zesifinnish.
5. Ungaze unikezele: Ukufunda ulwimi olutsha akukaze kube lula, ngoko unganikezeli ukuba ubetha umqobo wendlela. Yiba nomonde uze uzibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni.

Ngaba ufuna umguquleli othembekileyo nothembekileyo? Ngeenkampani ezininzi zokuguqulela phaya, kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba loluphi olona khetho lufanelekileyo. Nasi isikhokelo sokukunceda ufumane umguquleli wasebosnia ofanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho.

Xa ujonga umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba banamava kwiiprojekthi zolwimi Lwasebosnia. Umguquleli wasebosnia kufuneka abe nomyalelo olungileyo wolwimi, ulwazi lwenkcubeko, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala. Xa usebenzisa inkonzo yokuguqulela, kuhlala kulungile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayaziqonda iinkcukacha zolwimi Lwasebosnia-njengolwimi olwahlukileyo olufumaneka Ebosnia Naseherzegovina.

Ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu xa uguqulela Ukusuka Kwisibosnia ukuya kwezinye iilwimi, njengoko kukho izinto ezininzi ezifuna ukubanjwa ngokuchanekileyo. Umguquleli olungileyo wasebosnia uya kuba nakho ukuthatha amabinzana e-idiomatic kunye nobuqili bolwimi, eqinisekisa ukuba isicatshulwa santlandlolo siguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, khangela inkonzo enokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso somgangatho.

Ukuhanjiswa kwangexesha kukwayinto ephambili xa ukhetha umguquleli Wasebosnia. Kubalulekile ukuba ujonge ixesha lokutshintsha kwiprojekthi nganye yolwimi kwaye ufumane uqikelelo lokuba ingagqitywa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ukuba inkampani ayinakuzibophelela ekuhambiseni uxwebhu oluguqulelweyo ngomhla othile, kububulumko ukujonga kwenye indawo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindleko zenkonzo yokuguqulela. Nangona ixabiso akufanele libe yinto kuphela ekukhetheni umguquleli Wasebosnia, kulungile ukuthenga ngeenxa zonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ixabiso elifanelekileyo lemali. Iindleko zokuguqulela zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubude kunye nobunzima boxwebhu, kunye nesibini solwimi.

Ngokuphanda ngokucokisekileyo iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasebosnia, kufuneka ukwazi ukufumana umboneleli onokuthenjwa kwaye ohloniphekileyo ohlangabezana neemfuno zakho. Ngomguquleli ofanelekileyo, unokubathemba ukuba baya kuhambisa uxwebhu oluphezulu, ngexesha, kunye nexabiso elifikelelekayo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasebosnia?

Ulwimi Lwasebosnia luthethwa ikakhulu Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, kodwa lukwathethwa kwezinye iindawo Zaseserbia, Emontenegro, Ecroatia nakwamanye amazwe angabamelwane.

Lithini igama lolwimi Lwasebosnia?

Iingcambu zembali zolwimi Lwasebosnia (ekwabizwa Ngokuba Yibosniak, Ibosančica, okanye Iserbo-croatia) zintsonkothile kwaye zininzi. Ulwimi Yi-South Slavic ulwimi, ezifana yayo neighboring iilwimi, isicroatian kwaye isiserbia. Le nguqulo inemvelaphi yolwimi Lwasebalkan lwamaxesha aphakathi athethwa Ngamakristu Asebosnia kuloo Mmandla ebudeni Bamaxesha Aphakathi. Olu lwimi lwakhula ngokuthe ngcembe de lwaba lulwimi olwahlukileyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, iingcali zeelwimi zasecroatia Naseserbia zasebenza kunye ukudala ulwimi olubhaliweyo oludibeneyo kuzo zonke iilwimi Zasemzantsi Slavic zommandla, nangona abanye bathi, ngenxa yoko, zonke iilwimi ezintathu ziye zathathwa njengeziyelelane zolwimi olufanayo, olubizwa Ngokuba Yiserbo-croatia.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 nasekuqaleni kweyee-1990, Ibosnia Neherzegovina yabhengeza ukuzimela geqe Eyugoslavia. Oku kwakhokelela ekwandeni kobuzwe Phakathi Kwamabosnia, nto leyo eyabangela ingcamango "yolwimi Lwasebosnia." Olu lwimi lwadalwa ngokuphuhliswa kolwimi, njengokuqaliswa kwamagama amatsha kunye namabinzana athathwe kwisiarabhu, isiturkish kunye nezinye iilwimi.
Namhlanje, ulwimi Lwasebosnia lubonwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Ebosnia Naseherzegovina kwaye lufundiswa ezikolweni, kunye nokuthethwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwabemi. Ukongeza kwiindidi eziqhelekileyo Zesibosnia, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezimbini Zesibosnia ezithethwa kwimimandla ethile yelizwe :štokavian Kunye Nekajkavian.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasebosnia?

1. Umatija Divković (ikhulu le-15) - icroatian humanist kunye nepolyglot owabhala isichazi - Magama Sokuqala Sasebosnia.
2. I – pavao Ritter Vitezović (i-17th century) - umbhali wasecroatia obizwa ngokuba ngumgangatho wolwimi Lwasebosnia kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Tractatus de origine et incrementis Slavorum Illyricorum".
3. Franjo Rački (ngenkulungwane ye-19) - umbhali-mbali wasecroatia, philologist nomphengululi Weslavic owabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi nenkcubeko Yasebosnia.
4. Uandrija Kacic Miosic (ngenkulungwane ye-19) - imbongi yasecroatia, umbhali nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga owaba negalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwangoku Lwasebosnia.
5. Ngo-agasti Cesarec (ikhulu lama-20) – imbongi yasecroatia, umbhali, ulwimi, umhleli kunye nompapashi owabhala amanqaku amaninzi kunye neencwadi ngolwimi Lwasebosnia kunye nenkcubeko.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Lwasebosnia?

Ulwimi lwasemzantsi Slavic oluhambelana kakhulu nesicroatia nesiserbia. Ilandela inkqubo efanayo ye-phonological njengesicroatia nesiserbia, kodwa kunye nokungafani kwezikhamiso. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ebosnia Naseherzegovina kwaye ikwathethwa Emontenegro, Eserbia Nasecroatia. Igrama yayo isekwe ikakhulu kwiziyelelane ezibini eziphambili: ulwimi Lwasempuma Lweherzegovinia-Istrian kunye nesitokavia Sasentshona. Isakhiwo segrama Sasebosnia siquka ukubizwa kwesibizo, ukudibanisa isenzi, kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yamaxesha asetyenziselwa ukubonisa iziganeko ezizayo, ezidlulileyo kunye nezikhoyo.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasebosnia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi esemthethweni okanye ezinye izinto. Khangela incwadi Yolwimi Lwasebosnia okanye izinto zezifundo ezenzelwe abafundi bolwimi. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zibonelela ngeyona ndlela ibanzi, eyakhiweyo yokufunda Ibosnia.
2. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwi-intanethi. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi ezinezifundo zasimahla kunye nemisebenzi yokukunceda ufunde Ibosnia, Njengeduolingo, LiveMocha, Kunye Nememrise. Ukongeza, zininzi iipodcasts, iividiyo kunye neengoma ezikhoyo ukukunceda uziqhelanise.
3. Nxibelelana nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuba uyazi umntu othetha Isibosnia, lithuba elihle lokuphucula izakhono zakho zolwimi! Zama ukuthetha nabo rhoqo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukhululeke usebenzisa ulwimi.
4. Bukela Iifilimu zasebosnia kunye nomabonwakude. Ukuchitha ixesha ukubukela iifilimu ZASEBOSNIA kunye nemiboniso YETV yenye yeendlela ezikhawulezayo zokuphucula ukuqonda kwakho ulwimi. Qiniseka ukuba unikele ingqalelo kubizo kunye nesigama esitsha.
5. Hlala ukhuthazekile. Ukufunda ulwimi luhambo kunye nenkqubo. Zama ukuhlala ushukunyiswa kukuzibekela usukelo olusengqiqweni, uzivuze xa ufikelela kwisiganeko esibalulekileyo uze uqiniseke ukuba uyonwaba ngoxa ufunda.