Isihungarian Kyrgyz Guqulela

Ukubaluleka kwenguqulelo yesihungary

Ulwimi lwesihungary luthethwa ngabantu abayizigidi ezili-13 kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni Ehungary. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yeenkonzo zokuguqulela zasehungary ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziye zanda kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Oku kungenxa yokukhula kolwimi kunye norhwebo lwamanye amazwe kunye nokwanda kwabemi Basehungary.

Kulabo bafuna ukwenza ishishini ngaphakathi Okanye ngehungary, ukufikelela kubaguquleli basehungary kubalulekile. Ngaphandle kweenguqulelo ezifanelekileyo, umntu unokuphoswa ngamathuba anokubakho kwaye aphoswe kukuqonda okuxabisekileyo kweemarike. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba amashishini atyale imali kwiinguqulelo ezisemgangathweni ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yabo Ehungary.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeenkonzo zokuguqulela zasehungary kukuba zilungelelaniswe kakhulu ukuze zilungele iimfuno ezithile. Abaguquleli banokubonelela ngokuqwalaselwa ngokucokisekileyo kwiimpawu zolwimi, ezinokunceda ukwandisa amava omsebenzisi kunye nokwandisa ifuthe lomyalezo weshishini. Ukongeza, iinguqulelo zobungcali ziya kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki kuwo onke amaxwebhu, ukuguqulela kungekuphela nje amagama, kodwa nomongo kunye nenjongo.

Xa ukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela isihungary, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkampani inobuchule obuyimfuneko kunye namava kulwimi. Eyona ndlela yokwenza oku kukujonga izikhombisi ezivela kubathengi bangaphambili kunye neziqinisekiso ezivela kwimibutho yolwimi efanelekileyo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli uqhelene nesihungary kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo, eqinisekisa ukuba amagama kulwimi nakwinkcubeko aguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukubaluleka kwenguqulelo echanekileyo yesihungary akunakubaxwa. Amashishini kunye nabantu abafuna iinguqulelo kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba basebenza nabaguquleli abanamava, abaqinisekisiweyo abanokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni ngolwimi. Ngokwenza njalo, banokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wabo ubonakaliswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uqondwe ngokulula ngabaphulaphuli abajoliswe kubo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isihungary?

Isihungary sithethwa ikakhulu Ehungary, nakwimimandla Yaseromania, Eukraine, Eserbia, Ecroatia, Eostriya naseslovenia.

Yintoni isihungary ulwimi?

Imbali yolwimi lwasehungary isusela kwinkulungwane ye-9 xa Izizwe Zasemagyar zafudukela Kumbindi Yurophu Zaza zaqalisa ukuhlala kwindawo ngoku eyihungary. Kukholelwa ukuba ulwimi luyinxalenye yentsapho Yolwimi Lwe-Uralic, enxulumene kakhulu nesifinnish nesi-estonia.
Irekhodi lokuqala elibhaliweyo lolwimi lwasehungary livela malunga ne-896 AD, xa iinkokheli ezimbini zezizwe Zasemagyar zabhala incwadi Kwi-Old Hungarian Kumlawuli Wasebyzantium Uleo Vi. kamva, ulwimi lwafumana utshintsho olubalulekileyo phantsi kwefuthe lezinye iilwimi, ngakumbi isilatini nesijamani, kwaye kwavela iilwimi ezahlukeneyo.
Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-16, isihungary saba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lobukumkani Basehungary, ibe sahlala sinjalo ukususela ngoko. Olu lwimi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, yaye namhlanje lolunye lweelwimi ezithethwa Kakhulu Kumbindi Yurophu.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesihungary?

1. Umiklós Kálmán: Uyise wolwimi lwesihungary, wabeka iziseko zokubhala kwesihungary kwaye waphuhlisa igrama yokuqala yesihungary kunye nesichazi-magama.
2. Ujános Arany: imbongi yenkulungwane ye-19, wadala "Uarany Magyar Nyelv" ("Ulwimi Lwasehungary"), oluseke izikhokelo ezitsha malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwesihungary.
3. Uferenc Kölcsey: umbhali womhobe wesizwe wasehungary, waba negalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwasehungary kunye nemibongo ngemisebenzi yakhe.
4. Usándor Pet Erfi: umntu ophawulekayo kuncwadi lwesihungary, waba negalelo ekubumbeni uhlobo lwangoku lolwimi lwesihungary ngokuphuhlisa isitayela semibongo esidibanisa isiko kunye nentsha.
5. U-Endre Ady: imbongi eyaziwayo yenkulungwane yama-20, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi yeentsomi kunye nemibongo eyanceda ukuchaza indlela ulwimi lwesihungary olusetyenziswa ngayo namhlanje.

Njani ulwimi lwesihungary?

Ulwimi Lwasehungary lulwimi Lwe-Uralic olunemvelaphi Yasefinno-Urgic. Ubume bayo buchazwa ngeefowuni ezili-14 ezihlukeneyo kunye neefowuni ze-consonant, kwaye umyalelo wayo oyintloko wegama ngumxholo-Isenzi. I-agglutinative kunye ne-suffix-based based, ithetha ukuba izimamva ezininzi zongezwa kwigama elilodwa leengcambu ukubonisa iintsingiselo ezininzi. Umzekelo, isenzi "eszik" siqulathe ingcambu " esz "kunye ne-4 suffixes:" - ik, - et, - neek". Ngokudibanisa ezi zimamva kwigama leengcambu, umntu unokudala amabinzana ahlukeneyo asenge "esznek" (bayatya) okanye "eszik" (uyatya). Ukongeza, ihungary inamaxesha ali-14 kunye namatyala ali-16 okwenza inkqubo entsonkothileyo ngakumbi edume kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yobunzima bayo bokufunda.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesihungary ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngencwadi elungileyo yesihungary okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi. Khangela ikhosi okanye incwadi echaza igrama esisiseko ngokucacileyo kwaye ikuzisa kumagama abalulekileyo kunye namabinzana.
2. Fumana amagama ahamba kunye Hungarian. Funda amaphephandaba asehungary, ubukele iifilimu zasehungary kunye nemiboniso yetv, mamela umculo wasehungary, kwaye usebenzise incoko nabemi Basehungary.
3. Funda isihungary. Ukufunda isihungary linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekufundeni ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo. Umfundisi-ntsapho ofanelekileyo unokukunika ingxelo ngendlela owabiza ngayo, akuncede ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo yegrama okanye yesigama, aze akukhuthaze ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
4. Ziqhelise rhoqo. Ukuqhubela phambili kubalulekile ekuqhubekeni kwezifundo zakho. Zama ukufunda amaxesha ambalwa ngeveki, nokuba imizuzu eyi-10 nje.
5. Qala dating kwi-hungary. Ukudibana nabanye abantu abafunda isihungary yindlela entle yokwenza abahlobo kwaye uhlale ukhuthazekile.

Inguqulelo yasekyrgyz sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokunxibelelana nabantu kunye namashishini Ekyrgyzstan, ilizwe elikumbindi Weasia elikumda wekazakhstan Nechina. Kulabo abangaqhelananga Nesikyrgyz, lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasekyrgyzstan, nangona isirashiya sithetha ngokubanzi. I-Kyrgyz lulwimi Lwaseturkey, olwenza ukuba luhambelane neelwimi ezifana nesimongolia, isiturkish, isiuzbek nesikazakh.

Ukuba nabaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo abakwaziyo ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo amaxwebhu ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yeshishini kunye nobudlelwane bamanye amazwe. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasekyrgyz zinokunceda ukuvala izikhewu zonxibelelwano phakathi kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zinceda abantu Basekyrgyzstan baqondane ngcono kunye nehlabathi ngaphaya kwemida yabo.

Iinguqulelo zasekyrgyz zisoloko zisetyenziselwa amaxwebhu karhulumente, afana namaphepha asemthethweni kunye nemali, kunye neerekhodi zonyango, iikhontrakthi zoshishino, izinto zokuthengisa kunye nezixhobo zemfundo. Xa amaxwebhu okanye umxholo wewebhu kufuneka uguqulelwe okanye usuka Ekyrgyz, abaguquleli abaziingcali basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo lolwimi kunye nemeko yenkcubeko eyahlukileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.

Amashishini ahlala ethembele kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasekyrgyz ukulungiselela izicwangciso zokuthengisa zamazwe ngamazwe. Iinguqulelo zasekuhlaleni zinceda iinkampani ukuba zifikelele kwiimarike ezintsha, zenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa ubudlelwane obuqinileyo babathengi kunye nokwandisa ukuthengisa. Abaguquleli bafanele badlulisele ngokuchanileyo umyalezo wantlandlolo ngoxa beqwalasela ukungafani kweethoni, amasiko nezithethe.

Kwangaxeshanye, iinguqulelo zobuqu zinokunceda abafuduki kunye neembacu Ekyrgyzstan zidibanise ngokulula kwinkcubeko yazo entsha. Iinguqulelo zobungcali zamaxwebhu abalulekileyo kunye nezatifikethi zenza kube lula kwiintsapho ukuba zifumane ukufikelela kwezempilo, imfundo, kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo.

Uguqulelo lwe Kyrgyz lubalulekile kuye nabani na osebenza Okanye ohlala Ekyrgyzstan, nokuba kungeshishini, imfundo, okanye izizathu zobuqu. Kubalulekile ukufumana umguquleli ofanelekileyo oqonda inkcubeko yelizwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuba amaxwebhu aguqulelweyo achanekile kwaye anengqondo yenkcubeko.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz?

Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz luthethwa ikakhulu Ekyrgyzstan nakwezinye iindawo Ezikumbindi Weasia, kubandakanya emazantsi Ekazakhstan, Etajikistan, Euzbekistan, kumantla Eafghanistan, kwintshona yetshayina, nakwimimandla ekude Yeriphabhlikhi Yasealtai Yaserussia. Ukongeza, iipokotho ezincinci zabemi basekyrgyz zikhona Eturkey,Emongolia, Kunye Nepeninsula yasekorea.

Yintoni i-Kyrgyz language?

Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz lunembali ende kwaye entsonkothileyo. Ulwimi Lwasempuma Lweturkey, oluvela kulwimi Lweproto-Turkic Oluvela Kumbindi Asia. Ubungqina obubhaliweyo bokuqala bolwimi bubuyela kwinkulungwane ye-8 Kwimibhalo Yesi-Orkhon, eyayibhalwe kwialfabhethi Yakudala Yaseturkey.
Ikyrgyz yayiphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi Ezingabamelwane Zesiyghur nesimongolia. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, Ikyrgyz yaguquka yaba lulwimi loncwadi, yaye isichazi-magama sokuqala Sasekyrgyz sabhalwa ngowe-1784. Olu lwimi lwaqhubeka lukhula ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19, yaye ngowe-1944, Ikyrgyz yaba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lwasekyrgyzstan.
Ngowe-1928, kwaqaliswa Inkqubo yokubhala eyaziwa Ngokuba Yialfabhethi Emanyeneyo, eyayimisela inkqubo yokubhala yasekyrgyz. Ukususela ngoko, Ikyrgyz iye yaphuhliswa njengolwimi oluthethwayo nolubhaliweyo. Nangona oonobumba besilatini Nabesicyrillic ngoku besetyenziselwa uhlobo olubhaliweyo lwale mihla lolwimi, iskripthi sesiarabhu sisasetyenziselwa ukubhala imibhalo engcwele Ekyrgyz.
Namhlanje, Ikyrgyz ithetha ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 Ekyrgyzstan, Ekazakhstan, Etajikistan, Euzbekistan Nase China.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasekyrgyz?

1. Chingiz Aitmatov (1928-2008): Eyaziwa njengomnye wababhali abakhulu Basekyrgyz, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngolwimi Lwasekyrgyz kwaye ithathwa ngokuphuhlisa ifom yayo yoncwadi.
2. I-Cholponbek Esenov (1891-1941): uvulindlela wokuqala wolwimi Lwasekyrgyz, wabhala iphephandaba lokuqala Ekyrgyz kwaye wayengumvelisi owaziwayo wohlobo olubhaliweyo lolwimi.
3. I-Orosbek Toktogaziyev (1904-1975): omnye umntu obalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwenguqu yangoku yolwimi Lwasekyrgyz. Wabhala iincwadi ezininzi waza wanceda ekuphuhliseni ukusetyenziswa kwamagama kulwimi.
4. U-Alichan Eshimkanov (1894-1974): ingcali yeelwimi ebalaseleyo eyachitha ubomi bayo iphanda kwaye ibhala ngolwimi Lwesikyrgyz kunye neelwimi.
5. Uzimbek Beknazarov (1947-present): Ethathwa njengegunya kulwimi Lwesikyrgyz, wayenoxanduva lokuphucula ulwimi kunye nokudala amagama amatsha kunye neendlela zokubhala.

Njani ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz?

Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz sisiturkic esahlulahlulwe saba ziilwimi ezintathu: Emantla, Kumbindi Nakumazantsi. Lulwimi oluguquguqukayo, oluthetha ukuba lwenza amagama antsonkothileyo ngokongeza izimamva kumagama engcambu. Kukho ugxininiso kwizimaphambili, kunokuba izimamva, ngolwimi Lwasekyrgyz, olunika isakhiwo esinengqiqo. I-kyrgyz ngokuqhelekileyo i-SOV (isihloko-into-isenzi) kwaye njengezinye iilwimi Zaseturkey, inesenzi-isakhiwo sokugqibela. Ulwimi lunomxholo wefonemic, apho izandi ezahlukeneyo okanye izandi zinokunika iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kumagama.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasekyrgyz ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zolwimi. Unokufumana iikhosi ezininzi ze-intanethi okanye kwi-personal eziza kukwazisa kwizinto ezisisiseko Zasekyrgyz. Oku kubandakanya isigama esisisiseko kunye negrama kunye namabinzana aqhelekileyo kunye neenombolo eziphambili.
2. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama. Ukumamela incoko kunye nokurekhoda kwezithethi zomthonyama Zasekyrgyz kuya kukunceda ufumane ukuqonda okungcono kwendlela oluthethwa ngayo ulwimi.
3. Ziqhelise ukuthetha ulwimi kunye neqabane. Fumana umntu othetha Isikyrgyz kwaye uziqhelanise nokuncokola nabo usebenzisa ulwimi. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izakhono zakho zokuncokola.
4. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngeencwadi, izichazi-magama kunye nezixhobo ezikwi-intanethi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukunceda ufunde ulwimi lwakho. Oku kubandakanya iincwadi, izichazi-magama, iimbekiselo zegrama kunye nokunye.
5. Ungalibali ukuzonwabisa. Ukufunda ulwimi kufuneka kube mnandi. Yenza ixesha lokubukela iifilimu, ukufunda iincwadi kunye nokuzibandakanya kwimisebenzi ngolwimi. Oku kuya kwenza inkqubo yokufunda ibe mnandi ngakumbi kwaye ibe nomvuzo.