Isihungarian O. s. Guqulela

Ukubaluleka kwenguqulelo yesihungary

Ulwimi lwesihungary luthethwa ngabantu abayizigidi ezili-13 kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni Ehungary. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yeenkonzo zokuguqulela zasehungary ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziye zanda kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Oku kungenxa yokukhula kolwimi kunye norhwebo lwamanye amazwe kunye nokwanda kwabemi Basehungary.

Kulabo bafuna ukwenza ishishini ngaphakathi Okanye ngehungary, ukufikelela kubaguquleli basehungary kubalulekile. Ngaphandle kweenguqulelo ezifanelekileyo, umntu unokuphoswa ngamathuba anokubakho kwaye aphoswe kukuqonda okuxabisekileyo kweemarike. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba amashishini atyale imali kwiinguqulelo ezisemgangathweni ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yabo Ehungary.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeenkonzo zokuguqulela zasehungary kukuba zilungelelaniswe kakhulu ukuze zilungele iimfuno ezithile. Abaguquleli banokubonelela ngokuqwalaselwa ngokucokisekileyo kwiimpawu zolwimi, ezinokunceda ukwandisa amava omsebenzisi kunye nokwandisa ifuthe lomyalezo weshishini. Ukongeza, iinguqulelo zobungcali ziya kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki kuwo onke amaxwebhu, ukuguqulela kungekuphela nje amagama, kodwa nomongo kunye nenjongo.

Xa ukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela isihungary, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkampani inobuchule obuyimfuneko kunye namava kulwimi. Eyona ndlela yokwenza oku kukujonga izikhombisi ezivela kubathengi bangaphambili kunye neziqinisekiso ezivela kwimibutho yolwimi efanelekileyo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli uqhelene nesihungary kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo, eqinisekisa ukuba amagama kulwimi nakwinkcubeko aguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukubaluleka kwenguqulelo echanekileyo yesihungary akunakubaxwa. Amashishini kunye nabantu abafuna iinguqulelo kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba basebenza nabaguquleli abanamava, abaqinisekisiweyo abanokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezisemgangathweni ngolwimi. Ngokwenza njalo, banokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wabo ubonakaliswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uqondwe ngokulula ngabaphulaphuli abajoliswe kubo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isihungary?

Isihungary sithethwa ikakhulu Ehungary, nakwimimandla Yaseromania, Eukraine, Eserbia, Ecroatia, Eostriya naseslovenia.

Yintoni isihungary ulwimi?

Imbali yolwimi lwasehungary isusela kwinkulungwane ye-9 xa Izizwe Zasemagyar zafudukela Kumbindi Yurophu Zaza zaqalisa ukuhlala kwindawo ngoku eyihungary. Kukholelwa ukuba ulwimi luyinxalenye yentsapho Yolwimi Lwe-Uralic, enxulumene kakhulu nesifinnish nesi-estonia.
Irekhodi lokuqala elibhaliweyo lolwimi lwasehungary livela malunga ne-896 AD, xa iinkokheli ezimbini zezizwe Zasemagyar zabhala incwadi Kwi-Old Hungarian Kumlawuli Wasebyzantium Uleo Vi. kamva, ulwimi lwafumana utshintsho olubalulekileyo phantsi kwefuthe lezinye iilwimi, ngakumbi isilatini nesijamani, kwaye kwavela iilwimi ezahlukeneyo.
Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-16, isihungary saba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lobukumkani Basehungary, ibe sahlala sinjalo ukususela ngoko. Olu lwimi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, yaye namhlanje lolunye lweelwimi ezithethwa Kakhulu Kumbindi Yurophu.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesihungary?

1. Umiklós Kálmán: Uyise wolwimi lwesihungary, wabeka iziseko zokubhala kwesihungary kwaye waphuhlisa igrama yokuqala yesihungary kunye nesichazi-magama.
2. Ujános Arany: imbongi yenkulungwane ye-19, wadala "Uarany Magyar Nyelv" ("Ulwimi Lwasehungary"), oluseke izikhokelo ezitsha malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwesihungary.
3. Uferenc Kölcsey: umbhali womhobe wesizwe wasehungary, waba negalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwasehungary kunye nemibongo ngemisebenzi yakhe.
4. Usándor Pet Erfi: umntu ophawulekayo kuncwadi lwesihungary, waba negalelo ekubumbeni uhlobo lwangoku lolwimi lwesihungary ngokuphuhlisa isitayela semibongo esidibanisa isiko kunye nentsha.
5. U-Endre Ady: imbongi eyaziwayo yenkulungwane yama-20, wabhala imisebenzi emininzi yeentsomi kunye nemibongo eyanceda ukuchaza indlela ulwimi lwesihungary olusetyenziswa ngayo namhlanje.

Njani ulwimi lwesihungary?

Ulwimi Lwasehungary lulwimi Lwe-Uralic olunemvelaphi Yasefinno-Urgic. Ubume bayo buchazwa ngeefowuni ezili-14 ezihlukeneyo kunye neefowuni ze-consonant, kwaye umyalelo wayo oyintloko wegama ngumxholo-Isenzi. I-agglutinative kunye ne-suffix-based based, ithetha ukuba izimamva ezininzi zongezwa kwigama elilodwa leengcambu ukubonisa iintsingiselo ezininzi. Umzekelo, isenzi "eszik" siqulathe ingcambu " esz "kunye ne-4 suffixes:" - ik, - et, - neek". Ngokudibanisa ezi zimamva kwigama leengcambu, umntu unokudala amabinzana ahlukeneyo asenge "esznek" (bayatya) okanye "eszik" (uyatya). Ukongeza, ihungary inamaxesha ali-14 kunye namatyala ali-16 okwenza inkqubo entsonkothileyo ngakumbi edume kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yobunzima bayo bokufunda.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesihungary ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngencwadi elungileyo yesihungary okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi. Khangela ikhosi okanye incwadi echaza igrama esisiseko ngokucacileyo kwaye ikuzisa kumagama abalulekileyo kunye namabinzana.
2. Fumana amagama ahamba kunye Hungarian. Funda amaphephandaba asehungary, ubukele iifilimu zasehungary kunye nemiboniso yetv, mamela umculo wasehungary, kwaye usebenzise incoko nabemi Basehungary.
3. Funda isihungary. Ukufunda isihungary linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekufundeni ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo. Umfundisi-ntsapho ofanelekileyo unokukunika ingxelo ngendlela owabiza ngayo, akuncede ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo yegrama okanye yesigama, aze akukhuthaze ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
4. Ziqhelise rhoqo. Ukuqhubela phambili kubalulekile ekuqhubekeni kwezifundo zakho. Zama ukufunda amaxesha ambalwa ngeveki, nokuba imizuzu eyi-10 nje.
5. Qala dating kwi-hungary. Ukudibana nabanye abantu abafunda isihungary yindlela entle yokwenza abahlobo kwaye uhlale ukhuthazekile.

Itajik, okanye Itajik, lulwimi oluthethwa Kumbindi Asia Nakumbindi Mpuma. Ulwimi Lwase-Indo-Iran, olunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesipersi kodwa kunye neempawu zayo ezahlukileyo. Etajikistan, lulwimi olusemthethweni, kwaye ikwathethwa ngabancinci Ekazakhstan, Euzbekistan, Eafghanistan Naserussia. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, kukho imfuno eyandayo yokuguqulela ukusuka nasetajik.

Inguqulelo yetajik yinkonzo ebalulekileyo kumashishini nakubantu ngabanye. Kumashishini, iinkonzo zokuguqulela etajik zibonelela ngokufikelela kwiimarike ezintsha, zivumela iinkampani ukuba zinxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo nabanye kwicandelo labo. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwabo benza urhwebo lwamanye amazwe kunye norhwebo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokusetyenziselwa ukuququzelela unxibelelwano phakathi kwamasebe karhulumente, ukunceda imibutho yoluntu kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente ukuba ihlale iphendula kwaye isebenza.

Abantu kusenokufuneka basebenzise iinkonzo zomguquleli xa befaka isicelo somsebenzi okanye xa befuna uncedo lwezonyango. Amashishini abandakanyeka kwintengiso ye-intanethi anokufumana kuluncedo ukusebenzisa iinguqulelo zomxholo wewebhusayithi kunye nezinto zokwazisa etajik.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zobungcali xa kuguqulelwa phakathi kwazo naziphi na iilwimi ezimbini. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo banobuchule kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye baqonda izinto zolwimi ngalunye. Baqinisekisa ukuchaneka, ukucaca nokufundeka kwiinguqulelo zabo. Umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo naye uqhubeka enolwazi lwaso nasiphi na isigama esitshintshayo, esibalulekileyo ekuchanekeni.

Abaguquleli abaqinisekisiweyo baxabiseke kakhulu kwiindibaniselwano zolwimi ezingenayo imigangatho ephucukileyo. Bangakwazi ukuguqulela amaxwebhu ngokuchanekileyo nangendlela eya kwamkelwa ngabafuduki kunye nezinye iinkonzo zikarhulumente. Iinguqulelo eziqinisekisiweyo zihlala zifuneka kwizicelo kwiiyunivesithi kunye neenjongo zokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe.

Ukuba ufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela itajik, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe umboneleli onokuthenjwa, oqeqeshiweyo. Khetha umguquleli onamava kwicandelo lakho kwaye unokuhambisa ngexesha. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqwalasele umgangatho womsebenzi wabo, njengoko iinguqulelo ezininzi zineempazamo. Uphando olunzulu kunye nophononongo lwabathengi lunokukunceda ufumane umguquleli onokumthemba.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwesitajik?

Ulwimi lwesitajik ikakhulu luthethwa Etajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan nasekyrgyzstan. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci Erashiya, Eturkey, Epakistan, Eiran, nakwamanye amazwe awayesakuba Yisoviet republics.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesitajik?

I-Tajik yinguqulelo yanamhlanje yolwimi lwesipersi oluthethwa E-Iran Nase-Afghanistan. Ikakhulu yindibaniselwano yeelwimi ezivela kulwimi lwasepersi kunye nolwangaphambili, Umpersi Ophakathi (okwabizwa Ngokuba Ngupahlavi). Kuye kwachaphazeleka kakhulu kwezinye iilwimi, kubandakanya isirashiya, isingesi, Isimandarin, Isihindi, isiuzbek, isiturkmen kunye nabanye. Ulwimi lwangoku lwesitajik lwaqala ukusekwa ngexesha le-8th century AD, xa izizwe zasempuma Ze-Iranian, ezazize kummandla emva Kokunqoba Kwe-Arabhu Yasepersia, zamkela ulwimi kwaye zaqala ukulusebenzisa kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ngenkulungwane ye-9, isixeko Sasebukhara saba likomkhulu lobukhosi bamasamanid, obabuyindawo yokuqala yokuthetha amapersi Kumbindi Weasia. Ngeli xesha, inkcubeko kunye noncwadi lwachuma kuloo ndawo, kwaye ulwimi oluthethwayo lwalo mmandla ngokuthe ngcembe lwavela kwinto esiyaziyo ngoku njengetajik.
Ngekhulu lama-20, ulwimi lwesitajik lwaqulunqwa ngokusemthethweni kwaye lufakwe kwiikharityhulam zezikolo. Ukusukela ngoko, iye yaba lulwimi olubalulekileyo Kumbindi Asia. Ulwimi luye lwavela, kwaye amagama amatsha afakiwe kwisigama kule minyaka idlulileyo. Namhlanje, itajik lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasetajikistan kwaye kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-7, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwelizwe.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesitajik?

1. Abdulmejid Dzhuraev-umphengululi, umbhali kunye unjingalwazi ulwimi Tajik owaba negalelo standardization yayo mihla.
2. Umirzo Tursunzoda-imbongi eyaziwayo, ezopolitiko kunye nombhali wasetajikistan owaziwayo ngendima yakhe ekudumiseni ulwimi lwesitajik kunye noncwadi.
3. I-Sadriddin Aini-umbhali odumileyo wasetajik onemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yelifa lemveli letajik.
4. Uakhmadjon Mahmudov-umbhali, ingcali yeelwimi, nomphengululi owayencedisa ekumiseleni iindibano zokubhala zale mihla zesitajik.
5. Umuhammadjon Sharipov - imbongi kunye nomlobi wezincoko oncedise ekubumbeni ulwimi lwesitajik ngemisebenzi yakhe.

Uluphi ulwimi lwetajik?

Ulwimi lwesitajik lolwesebe lase-Iranian losapho Lwe-Indo-European. Isakhiwo sayo esisisiseko sinamacandelo amabini: ulwimi lwakudala Lwase-Iranian, olubonakaliswa yinkqubo yesini esithathu, kunye neelwimi Zaseasia, ezibonakaliswa yinkqubo yesini esibini. Ukongeza, ulwimi luquka iziqalelo zesiarabhu,isipersi, kunye nezinye iilwimi, ezibonisa iyantlukwano yenkcubeko. Ulwimi lwetajik lunesakhiwo sokuhlalutya, esithetha ukuba sixhomekeke ngakumbi kulandelelwano lwegama kunye nezixhobo ezihambelanayo ezinjengeziphelo zecala kune-morphology ye-infectional. Umyalelo wegama ubaluleke kakhulu kwi-Tajik; izivakalisi ziqala ngesihloko kwaye ziphele ngesivisa.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesitajik ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufumana incwadi elungileyo yolwimi lwetajik okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi. Qiniseka ukuba igubungela igrama, ukufunda, ukubhala, ukuthetha kunye nokumamela.
2. Fumana ukurekhodwa kwevidiyo kwi-taiwan kwaye ubukele iividiyo kwi-taiwan. Qiniseka ukuba ugxininise ekubizeni kwaye uzame ukuxelisa.
3. Qala ukufunda iitekisi ezilula etajik. Zama ukuqikelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge ukubizwa kwamagama kunye neenkcazo zala magama.
4. Ziqhelise ukuthetha Tajik kunye izithethi zomthonyama. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokutshintshiselana ngewebhusayithi ezifana Ne-Italki okanye I-Exchange Exchange. Unokujoyina iklabhu yolwimi lwetajik okanye ikhosi.
5. Practice ukubhala Tajik usebenzisa izixhobo online ezifana translate Okanye Google Translate.
6. Okokugqibela, zibekele usukelo oluthe rhoqo ukuze ugcine inkuthazo yakho iphezulu kwaye ulandele inkqubela yakho.