Burmesename Isikorean Guqulela

Xhosa: Ibhulorho Phakathi Kwenkcubeko

Kweli hlabathi lehlabathi liphela, ukuqonda iyantlukwano yeenkcubeko kunye neelwimi kubalulekile. Isiburmese yenye yeelwimi ezininzi ezithethwa Easia nakwihlabathi liphela, kwaye kumashishini amaninzi kunye nemibutho, kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuqonda Isiburmese ukuze unxibelelane ngcono nabathengi okanye abathengi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukukwazi ukufikelela kwinguqulelo Yesiburma echanileyo nethembekileyo kubalulekile.

Inguqulelo yesiburma inokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwamashishini, imibutho kunye nabantu abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, iinkcubeko kunye neelwimi. Idibanisa abantu, ibanceda ukuba banxibelelane, benze unxibelelwano, kwaye basebenzisane. Isiburmese lulwimi Lwasemyanmar, yaye sithetha ngabantu abazizigidi ezingama-33 ehlabathini lonke. Nangona Isiburmese lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Emyanmar, ezinye iilwimi ezininzi zithethwa apho, Njengokaren, Umon, Ukachin, Urakhine, Ushan Nowa. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba baqonde ezi ezinye iilwimi ukongeza Isiburma ukuba ufuna kuba nako zithungelana ngenene kunye abantu basekuhlaleni.

Ukuze ufumane eyona nguqulelo Yesiburma ichanileyo nethembekileyo, kubalulekile ukusebenza nenkonzo yokuguqulela yobungcali enamava Ngesiburma nezinye iilwimi ezisetyenziswa Emyanmar. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka baqinisekiswe kwaye babe nokuqonda kakuhle ulwimi Lwesiburma kunye nenkcubeko ekuthethwa ngayo. Kufuneka baqhelane nemiba yolwimi kunye nesilwimi. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile kwaye luchanekile, kwaye neenkcukacha ezincinci aziphoswa.

Ukuba nokufikelela kwinguqulelo yobungcali Yesiburma kunceda amashishini kunye nemibutho ibhenela kubaphulaphuli abakhulu. Ngokuqonda inkcubeko kunye nolwimi, amashishini kunye nemibutho bayakwazi ukunxibelelana ngakumbi nabathengi babo kunye nabathengi, ukwandisa amathuba okwenza unxibelelwano oluhle kunye nokuvelisa iziphumo eziphumeleleyo.

Ngokubanzi, inguqulelo Yesiburma yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwenza ishishini nabantu abavela Emyanmar nakwamanye amazwe apho kuthethwa Isiburma. Ngokuqonda ulwimi nenkcubeko, amashishini kunye nemibutho bayakwazi ukunxibelelana kwaye basebenzisane nabathengi okanye abathengi, ukunceda uqoqosho lwehlabathi lukhule kwaye luphumelele.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Isiburma?

Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Emyanmar (Eyayisaziwa Ngokuba Yiburma). Iyathethwa kwamanye amazwe kulo mmandla, kubandakanya Ibangladesh, I-India, Kunye Nethailand.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngesiburma?

Ulwimi Lwaseburmese lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Arayan olunxulumene nezinye iilwimi Ezifana Netibeto-Burman Kunye Nemon-Khmer. Inemvelaphi yayo kwimpucuko Yepyu Kunye Nemon, eyayihlala kwindawo ngoku eyimyanmar ukusuka kwinkulungwane yesi-2 BC Isiburmese siphuhliswe kwezi lwimi kunye Nepali Nesisanskrit, ezaziswa ngabavangeli Bamabuddha ngenkulungwane ye-9 neye-10.
Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11, Isiburma saba lulwimi lokubhala olusetyenziswa kwiinkundla ezininzi nakwiitempile. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-14, olu lwimi lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni lwenkundla yobukumkani Baseburma baseava. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezizayo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwasasazeka kulo lonke ilizwe, yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni lwedolophu enkulu Yasetungoo ngo-1511.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Inkqubo yokubhala Yaseburma yatshintshile kakhulu, kwaye ulwimi lwasetyenziswa kumaxwebhu aseburhulumenteni kunye nemibongo. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali Basebritane, isingesi saba lulwimi oluphambili kweli lizwe, kwaye uncwadi Lwaseburma lwaqalisa ukuxuba namabinzana olwimi lwesingesi. Kule minyaka, ulwimi luye lwaziqhelanisa namaxesha anamhlanje, ukongeza amagama amatsha kunye namagama avela kwimithombo yangaphandle, kubandakanya isingesi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseburma?

1. Ugqr. Ko Aung: enye yeelwimi eziphezulu Zesiburma kunye nomphengululi obalaseleyo owabhala iincwadi ezininzi kunye namaphepha kulwimi Lwesiburma.
2. U-Chit Maung: U-Chit Maung wayengunozakuzaku Waseburma E-United Kingdom ukusukela ngo-1964 ukuya ku-1971, ngelo xesha wenza iinzame ezininzi zokukhuthaza ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Yaseburma E-UK.
3. U Thant: u Thant wayengumongameli Waseburma, owayekhonza Njengonobhala-Jikelele wesithathu Wezizwe ezimanyeneyo. Umsebenzi wakhe uphawuleka ngokulondolozwa kunye nokukhuthazwa kolwimi Lwesiburma.
4. Daw Saw My Twin: Daw Saw My Twin ngumbhali Odumileyo Waseburma kunye nembongi, kunye nenani elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso kunye nokuthandwa kolwimi Lwaseburma.
5. U Thin Tin: U Thin tin wayeyingcali yeelwimi Zesiburma, owayesebenza ngenkuthalo ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa nokuqonda kolwimi Lwesiburma noncwadi lwaso.

Njani ulwimi Lwesiburma?

Ulwimi Lwesiburma lulwimi lwetoni, oluthetha ukuba igama elifanayo linokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni ethethwa kuyo. Lulwimi lokuhlalutya, oko kuthetha ukuba umyalelo wegama awubalulekanga njengamagama omxholo (izibizo kunye nezenzi) zokudlulisa intsingiselo. Isakhiwo sesilabhasi solwimi YI-CVC (i-consonant-vowel-consonant) kwaye ulwimi lubhalwa ngeskripthi esithile, esifana Neskripthi Sase-Indian Devanagari.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesiburma ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngekhosi ekwi-intanethi: zininzi izifundo ezikwi-intanethi onokuzithatha ukuze ufunde Isiburmese, Njengerosetta Stone okanye Ipimsleur. Ezi zifundo zinika izifundo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nayo yonke into ukusuka kwigrama ukuya kwisigama.
2. Fumana umhlohli: Ukuba ufuna ukufunda Isiburmese ngokukhawuleza kwaye uhambe ngaphaya kweziseko, cinga ngokufumana umhlohli wabucala. Umhlohli unokubonelela ngemfundo eyenzelwe wena, ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye akuncede ufunde ngesantya sakho.
3. Funda, umamele, kwaye ubukele: ukuze ube usazi kakuhle naluphi na ulwimi, kufuneka uziqhelanise nokufunda, ukumamela nokuthetha. Fumana iincwadi zesiburma neemagazini ukuze ufunde, ubukele imiboniso bhanyabhanya Yaseburma uze umamele iingoma Zesiburma.
4. Zibhaptize: Akukho Nto ibetha ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo kulwimi - Kwaye Isiburma ayikho ngaphandle. Cinga ngokundwendwela Iburma kunye nokuchitha ixesha kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ukwakha izakhono zakho zolwimi.

Inguqulelo yasekorea iya ibaluleke ngakumbi, ngakumbi kwihlabathi leshishini, njengoko iinkampani zijonge ukwandisa ukufikelela Kwazo Easia nangaphaya. Ngabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-51 kunye noqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza lwehlabathi, Ikorea iya isiba yimarike enomtsalane yamashishini aphesheya. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kwiinkampani ezinethemba lokusebenzisa eli qonga. Ukoyisa oku, iifemu ezininzi zijikela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela zasekorea ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zabo, iinkonzo, izinto zokuthengisa, kunye nokunye kwaziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwintengiso yabo ekujoliswe kuyo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasekorea zobungcali zisebenzisa abaguquleli abathetha iilwimi zomthonyama abaqhelene nolwimi lwasekorea nenkcubeko. Oku kuthetha ukuba banolwazi olusondeleyo lwezinto, ezintsonkothileyo, kunye nee-colloquialisms ezenza ulwimi. Eli nqanaba lobuchule liqinisekisa ukuba nasiphi na isicatshulwa esiguqulelwe ekorea sichanekile kwaye sihambelana nolindelo lwenkcubeko kunye nemigaqo.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli, kubalulekile ukukhangela umntu onerekhodi elomeleleyo lokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni zasekorea. Iinkampani ezijonge ukukhupha iimfuno zokuguqulela zasekorea kufuneka zikhethe umboneleli ngenkonzo kunye neqela labaguquleli abanamava, abaqeqeshiweyo abanokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo, ezingenazimpazamo ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umboneleli ngenkonzo uqinisekisiwe yi-ISO kwaye uyayithobela imigangatho yoshishino yolawulo lomgangatho kunye nenkonzo yabathengi.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasekorea ziya zithandwa ngakumbi njengoko iinkampani zijonga ukwaphula iimarike ezintsha kunye nokwandisa ubukho bazo kwihlabathi liphela. Nokuba yeyewebhusayithi, incwadana yemveliso, okanye izinto zokuthengisa, umboneleli ngenkonzo ofanelekileyo unokuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo ofuna ukunxibelelana nawo kwintengiso yakho ekujoliswe kuyo umelwe ngokuchanekileyo ngolwimi lwasekorea. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasekorea zibonelela ngokuchaneka, ukusebenza ngokukuko, kunye nenkonzo yabathengi eya kuthi incede ishishini lakho lifikelele kwisakhono sayo esipheleleyo kwimarike yehlabathi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasekorea?

Ulwimi lwasekorea luthethwa ikakhulu Emzantsi Korea Nasenyakatho Korea, nakwimimandla Yase China Nasejapan. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci kwamanye amazwe aliqela kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya Iunited States, Ikhanada, Iostreliya, Ifransi, Ibrazil Kunye Nerashiya.

Yintoni isikorean ulwimi imbali?

Ulwimi lwasekorea luyinxalenye yosapho Lweural-Altaic ulwimi. Inembali eyahlukileyo neyahlukileyo yolwimi eqala emva kweenkulungwane, iqala Nge-old Korean kwi-7th century ad. Kwinkulungwane ye-10, ngexesha le-goryeo, Kwathethwa Amakorea Akumbindi korea. Ngenkulungwane ye-15, ngexesha likajoseon, isikorea Sanamhlanje savela kwaye siyaqhubeka silulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasemzantsi Korea namhlanje. Impembelelo yenkcubeko Yamatshayina kulwimi lwasekorea ikwabonakala, njengoko uninzi lwezinto zayo ze-lexical zivela ku-hanja (abalinganiswa Basetshayina) kwaye ezininzi zibhalwa Kwi-Hangul (i-alfabhethi yasekorea). Kutshanje, ezinye iimpembelelo zivela kwisingesi, Isijapan kunye nezinye iilwimi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasekorea?

1. Usejong Omkhulu (세종대왕) - umqambi we-hangul Kunye Nomdali weencwadi zasekorea
2. Ushin Saimdang (신사임당) - Umphengululi odumileyo Kaconfucius kunye nomama ka-yi i, Esinye Sezithandi Zobulumko ezinempembelelo kujoseon Dynasty Yasekorea.
3. Yi I (이이) - Isithandi Sobulumko esidumileyo seconfucius, umphengululi kunye nembongi ngexesha Likajoseon Dynasty.
4. Unkulunkulu uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele X Unkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele I Izwi Lamashumi Amane Nanye Unkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele I Izwi Lamashumi Amathathu Nane Unkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele I Izwi Lamashumi Amathathu Nane Unkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele I Izwi Lamashumi Amathathu Nane Unkulunkulu Uqobo Lwakhe, Oyingqayizivele X
5. I-Sin Chaeho (신채호) - umbhali-mbali Onempembelelo kunye neelwimi eziqulunqe i-alfabhethi kunye nesigama se-classical korea. Waqulunqa inkqubo yegrama yasekorea eyasungula umgangatho wesikorea sanamhlanje.

Njani ulwimi lwasekorea?

Isikorean ulwimi agglutinative, oko kuthetha ukuba kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-affixes kwaye particles ukutshintsha engundoqo intsingiselo a root igama. Isakhiwo sesivakalisi esisisiseko sisihloko-into-isenzi, kunye nabaguquleli bahlala beqhotyoshelwe ekupheleni kwezibizo okanye izenzi. Isikorean kanjalo isebenzisa honorific ulwimi ukubonisa loluntu hierarchy, rely kakhulu kwi imithetho politeness kwaye formality xa uthetha nabanye.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasekorea ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko. Ngaphambi kokuntywila kwiinkalo ezintsonkothileyo zolwimi, kubalulekile ukufunda ezona zinto zisisiseko – njengoonobumba, ukubizwa kwamagama, kunye nemithetho esisiseko yegrama.
2. Isigama esikhulu kunye namabinzana aqhelekileyo. Nje ukuba wazi izinto ezisisiseko, qhubeka ufunda amagama kunye namabinzana aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Oku kuya kukunika umbono wendlela yokubeka izivakalisi kunye kwaye ube neengxoxo kunye nezithethi zomthonyama.
3. Mamela kwaye uziqhelanise. Ukubethelela ukubizwa kunye nokuphucula izakhono zakho zokumamela, qala ukumamela ulwimi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Bukela imiboniso YETV yasekorea kunye neemovie, sebenzisa usetyenziso lokufunda ulwimi, kwaye ufunde iincwadi okanye iimagazini ngesikorea. Okukhona uphulaphula, kokukhona uya kuqhelana nolwimi.
4. Sebenzisa izibonelelo. Ukufunda ulwimi akufuneki kwenziwe yedwa. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezininzi ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi, ezinje ngeencwadi zezifundo, izifundo zevidiyo, kunye nokurekhodwa kweaudio. Unokufumana kwakhona ukutshintshiselana ngolwimi kunye neeforamu zengxoxo ze-intanethi ezinokukunceda uhlale ukhuthazekile kwaye ufunde kwabanye abafundi.
5. Zibandakanye kwincoko. Nje ukuba uzive ukhululekile ngokwaneleyo ngolwimi kwaye ufunde ezinye zeziseko, zama ukubandakanyeka kwiingxoxo kunye nezithethi zomthonyama. Oku kuya kukunceda uluqonde ngcono ulwimi kwaye ufumane ukuzithemba ekuluthetheni.