Burmesename Isiturkish Guqulela

Xhosa: Ibhulorho Phakathi Kwenkcubeko

Kweli hlabathi lehlabathi liphela, ukuqonda iyantlukwano yeenkcubeko kunye neelwimi kubalulekile. Isiburmese yenye yeelwimi ezininzi ezithethwa Easia nakwihlabathi liphela, kwaye kumashishini amaninzi kunye nemibutho, kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuqonda Isiburmese ukuze unxibelelane ngcono nabathengi okanye abathengi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukukwazi ukufikelela kwinguqulelo Yesiburma echanileyo nethembekileyo kubalulekile.

Inguqulelo yesiburma inokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwamashishini, imibutho kunye nabantu abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, iinkcubeko kunye neelwimi. Idibanisa abantu, ibanceda ukuba banxibelelane, benze unxibelelwano, kwaye basebenzisane. Isiburmese lulwimi Lwasemyanmar, yaye sithetha ngabantu abazizigidi ezingama-33 ehlabathini lonke. Nangona Isiburmese lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Emyanmar, ezinye iilwimi ezininzi zithethwa apho, Njengokaren, Umon, Ukachin, Urakhine, Ushan Nowa. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba baqonde ezi ezinye iilwimi ukongeza Isiburma ukuba ufuna kuba nako zithungelana ngenene kunye abantu basekuhlaleni.

Ukuze ufumane eyona nguqulelo Yesiburma ichanileyo nethembekileyo, kubalulekile ukusebenza nenkonzo yokuguqulela yobungcali enamava Ngesiburma nezinye iilwimi ezisetyenziswa Emyanmar. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka baqinisekiswe kwaye babe nokuqonda kakuhle ulwimi Lwesiburma kunye nenkcubeko ekuthethwa ngayo. Kufuneka baqhelane nemiba yolwimi kunye nesilwimi. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile kwaye luchanekile, kwaye neenkcukacha ezincinci aziphoswa.

Ukuba nokufikelela kwinguqulelo yobungcali Yesiburma kunceda amashishini kunye nemibutho ibhenela kubaphulaphuli abakhulu. Ngokuqonda inkcubeko kunye nolwimi, amashishini kunye nemibutho bayakwazi ukunxibelelana ngakumbi nabathengi babo kunye nabathengi, ukwandisa amathuba okwenza unxibelelwano oluhle kunye nokuvelisa iziphumo eziphumeleleyo.

Ngokubanzi, inguqulelo Yesiburma yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwenza ishishini nabantu abavela Emyanmar nakwamanye amazwe apho kuthethwa Isiburma. Ngokuqonda ulwimi nenkcubeko, amashishini kunye nemibutho bayakwazi ukunxibelelana kwaye basebenzisane nabathengi okanye abathengi, ukunceda uqoqosho lwehlabathi lukhule kwaye luphumelele.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Isiburma?

Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Emyanmar (Eyayisaziwa Ngokuba Yiburma). Iyathethwa kwamanye amazwe kulo mmandla, kubandakanya Ibangladesh, I-India, Kunye Nethailand.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngesiburma?

Ulwimi Lwaseburmese lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Arayan olunxulumene nezinye iilwimi Ezifana Netibeto-Burman Kunye Nemon-Khmer. Inemvelaphi yayo kwimpucuko Yepyu Kunye Nemon, eyayihlala kwindawo ngoku eyimyanmar ukusuka kwinkulungwane yesi-2 BC Isiburmese siphuhliswe kwezi lwimi kunye Nepali Nesisanskrit, ezaziswa ngabavangeli Bamabuddha ngenkulungwane ye-9 neye-10.
Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11, Isiburma saba lulwimi lokubhala olusetyenziswa kwiinkundla ezininzi nakwiitempile. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-14, olu lwimi lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni lwenkundla yobukumkani Baseburma baseava. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezizayo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwasasazeka kulo lonke ilizwe, yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni lwedolophu enkulu Yasetungoo ngo-1511.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Inkqubo yokubhala Yaseburma yatshintshile kakhulu, kwaye ulwimi lwasetyenziswa kumaxwebhu aseburhulumenteni kunye nemibongo. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali Basebritane, isingesi saba lulwimi oluphambili kweli lizwe, kwaye uncwadi Lwaseburma lwaqalisa ukuxuba namabinzana olwimi lwesingesi. Kule minyaka, ulwimi luye lwaziqhelanisa namaxesha anamhlanje, ukongeza amagama amatsha kunye namagama avela kwimithombo yangaphandle, kubandakanya isingesi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseburma?

1. Ugqr. Ko Aung: enye yeelwimi eziphezulu Zesiburma kunye nomphengululi obalaseleyo owabhala iincwadi ezininzi kunye namaphepha kulwimi Lwesiburma.
2. U-Chit Maung: U-Chit Maung wayengunozakuzaku Waseburma E-United Kingdom ukusukela ngo-1964 ukuya ku-1971, ngelo xesha wenza iinzame ezininzi zokukhuthaza ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Yaseburma E-UK.
3. U Thant: u Thant wayengumongameli Waseburma, owayekhonza Njengonobhala-Jikelele wesithathu Wezizwe ezimanyeneyo. Umsebenzi wakhe uphawuleka ngokulondolozwa kunye nokukhuthazwa kolwimi Lwesiburma.
4. Daw Saw My Twin: Daw Saw My Twin ngumbhali Odumileyo Waseburma kunye nembongi, kunye nenani elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso kunye nokuthandwa kolwimi Lwaseburma.
5. U Thin Tin: U Thin tin wayeyingcali yeelwimi Zesiburma, owayesebenza ngenkuthalo ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa nokuqonda kolwimi Lwesiburma noncwadi lwaso.

Njani ulwimi Lwesiburma?

Ulwimi Lwesiburma lulwimi lwetoni, oluthetha ukuba igama elifanayo linokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni ethethwa kuyo. Lulwimi lokuhlalutya, oko kuthetha ukuba umyalelo wegama awubalulekanga njengamagama omxholo (izibizo kunye nezenzi) zokudlulisa intsingiselo. Isakhiwo sesilabhasi solwimi YI-CVC (i-consonant-vowel-consonant) kwaye ulwimi lubhalwa ngeskripthi esithile, esifana Neskripthi Sase-Indian Devanagari.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesiburma ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngekhosi ekwi-intanethi: zininzi izifundo ezikwi-intanethi onokuzithatha ukuze ufunde Isiburmese, Njengerosetta Stone okanye Ipimsleur. Ezi zifundo zinika izifundo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nayo yonke into ukusuka kwigrama ukuya kwisigama.
2. Fumana umhlohli: Ukuba ufuna ukufunda Isiburmese ngokukhawuleza kwaye uhambe ngaphaya kweziseko, cinga ngokufumana umhlohli wabucala. Umhlohli unokubonelela ngemfundo eyenzelwe wena, ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye akuncede ufunde ngesantya sakho.
3. Funda, umamele, kwaye ubukele: ukuze ube usazi kakuhle naluphi na ulwimi, kufuneka uziqhelanise nokufunda, ukumamela nokuthetha. Fumana iincwadi zesiburma neemagazini ukuze ufunde, ubukele imiboniso bhanyabhanya Yaseburma uze umamele iingoma Zesiburma.
4. Zibhaptize: Akukho Nto ibetha ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo kulwimi - Kwaye Isiburma ayikho ngaphandle. Cinga ngokundwendwela Iburma kunye nokuchitha ixesha kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ukwakha izakhono zakho zolwimi.

I-Turkish ngu yamandulo, ulwimi abaphila iingcambu kwi-central Asia, spanning amawaka eminyaka, kwaye abaqeshwe izigidi zabantu jikelele ehlabathini. Nangona kungaqhelekanga njengolwimi lwangaphandle, iturkey ibone ukuphinda inzala kunye nemfuno yeenkonzo zokuguqulela, ngakumbi entshona Yurophu njengoko ilizwe liya lisanda kwihlabathi liphela kwaye linxibelelene.

Ngenxa yembali yayo ende nentsonkothileyo, iturkey yenye yeelwimi ezicacileyo kwihlabathi, kunye nenkcubeko kunye ne-syntax equlethwe kwigrama yayo ekhethekileyo kunye nesigama. Ngesi sizathu, iinkonzo zomguquleli kufuneka zenziwe ziingcali zomthonyama eziqhelene kakhulu nolwimi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kunye nokutyibilika.

Xa uguqulela ukusuka okanye ngesiturkey, kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele ukuba ulwimi luzele zizilwimi kunye nezicatshulwa. Ngaphezu koko, iziyelelane ezininzi zikhona ukongeza kwinguqulo ebhaliweyo ebhaliweyo, ngoko ke ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekubizweni kwabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nesigama.

Omnye umceli mngeni onxulumene nenguqulelo yesiturkey yinkqubo eneenkcukacha kakhulu yolwimi. Zonke iileta zinokutshintshwa ngokwemigaqo yegrama; kuthatha umguquleli onobuchule ukuba aqonde kwaye asebenzise le mithetho ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngokubanzi, isiturkish lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo noluhle olunesithethe esityebileyo somlomo, kunye nesinye esifuna isandla esinobuchule sokuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo. Umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo unokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu akho agcina intsingiselo yawo xa ewahambisa ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwesiturkish.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwaseturkey?

Ulwimi lwaseturkey luthethwa ikakhulu Eturkey, nakwimimandla Yasecyprus, Eiraq, Ebulgaria, Egrisi Nasejamani.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwaseturkey?

Ulwimi lwaseturkey, olwaziwa Ngokuba Yiturkic, lisebe leelwimi Zasealtaic. Kukholelwa ukuba yavela kulwimi lwezizwe zoonothwal ' impahlana zento ngoku eyiturkey kwiinkulungwane zokuqala ZEWAKA LEMINYAKA AD. Ulwimi lwaphuhliswa ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye lwaphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi Zasemiddle East Kunye Ne-Asia ephakathi njengesiarabhu, isipersi nesigrike.
Ifom yokuqala ebhaliweyo yaseturkey ivela malunga nekhulu le-13 kwaye ibangelwa Ngamaturkey Aseseljuk, awoyisa amaninzi E-Anatolia ngeli xesha. Ulwimi ababelusebenzisa lwalubizwa ngokuthi "Old Anatolian Turkish" kwaye yayinamagama amaninzi asepersi nesiarabhu.
Ixesha Le-Ottoman (i-14 ukuya kwi-19th century) yabona ukuvela kolwimi olumiselweyo olusekelwe kwisilwimi se-Istanbul esaqala ukusetyenziswa kuwo onke amanqanaba oluntu kunye nemimandla yobukhosi. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba sisiturkish Sase-Ottoman, esaboleka amagama amaninzi kwezinye iilwimi ezifana nesiarabhu, isipersi nesigrike. Ubukhulu becala yayibhalwe ngesiarabhu.
Ngo-1928, uatatürk, umsunguli weriphabhlikhi yanamhlanje yaseturkey, wazisa ialfabhethi entsha yolwimi lwaseturkey, endaweni yeskripthi sesiarabhu ngoonobumba besilatin abaguquliweyo. Oku kwaguqula isiturkish kwaye kwenza kube lula ukufunda nokusebenzisa. Namhlanje isiturkish sithethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-65 emhlabeni jikelele, okwenza kube yenye yeelwimi ezinkulu Eyurophu.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwaseturkey?

1. U-Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: Umsunguli kunye Nomongameli wokuqala Weriphabhlikhi Yaseturkey, U-Atatürk uhlala ebizwa ngokuba ukwazisa utshintsho olukhulayo kulwimi lwaseturkey, kubandakanya nokwenza lula ialfabhethi, ukutshintsha amagama angaphandle kunye nokulingana kweturkey, kunye nokukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukufundisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwimi.
2. U-Ahmet Cevdet: umphengululi wase-Ottoman, U-Ahmet Cevdet wabhala isichazi-magama sokuqala sesiturkey, esabandakanya amagama amaninzi asearabhu namapersi kwaye anika intsingiselo eqhelekileyo kumagama aseturkey kunye namabinzana.
3. U-Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil: umbhali odumileyo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, Uşaklıgil ubalwa ngokuvuselela umdla kwisitayela semibongo yekhulu le-16 lembongi Yase-Ottoman Unâzim Hikmet, kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoncwadi ezifana ne-wordplay kunye nemibuzo yokuthetha.
4. I-Recep Tayyip Erdoğan: Umongameli wangoku Waseturkey, U-Erdoğan udlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ubunikazi besizwe ngeentetho zakhe nangenkxaso yakhe ekusebenziseni iturkey ebomini boluntu.
5. Ubedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu: enye yamanani aphambili kwimibongo yanamhlanje yaseturkey ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1940, U-Eyüboğlu wanceda ukwazisa izinto zoncwadi Lwasentshona kunye nesithethe kuncwadi lwaseturkey, kunye nokwenza ukuba kuthandwe ukusetyenziswa kwesigama semihla ngemihla saseturkey.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwaseturkey?

Isiturkish lulwimi oluguqukayo, oluthetha ukuba isebenzisa i-affixes( iziphelo zamagama) ukongeza ulwazi oluthe kratya kunye nenuance kumagama. Kwakhona inomxholo-Into-Isenzi igama umyalelo. I-turkey nayo ine-inventri enkulu ye-vowel kunye nokwahlula phakathi kobude be-vowel. Inamaqoqo amaninzi e-consonant, kunye neentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo kwiisilabhasi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwaseturkey ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko zolwimi, ezinje ngealfabhethi kunye negrama esisiseko. 2. Sebenzisa izixhobo zasimahla kwi-intanethi ezinje ngezifundo zolwimi lwaseturkey, iipodcasts, kunye neevidiyo ukuqhubela phambili ulwazi lwakho. 3. Zibekele ucwangciso lokufundisisa rhoqo, uzibophelele ekufundisiseni ulwimi ubuncinane kanye ngeveki. 4. Ziqhelise ukuthetha isiturkish kunye nezithethi zomthonyama okanye ngeenkqubo zokutshintshiselana ngeelwimi. 5. Sebenzisa iiflashcards kunye nezinye izixhobo zokukhumbula ukukunceda ukhumbule amagama aphambili kunye namabinzana. 6. Mamela umculo waseturkey kwaye ubukele iifilimu zaseturkey ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nenkcubeko kwaye uphucule izakhono zakho zokumamela. 7. Qiniseka ukuba uthatha ikhefu rhoqo ukuze uzinike ixesha lokulungisa oko ukufundileyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. 8. Ungesabi ukwenza iimpazamo - iimpazamo ziyingxenye yenkqubo yokufunda. 9. Zicel ' umngeni ukuba uzame izinto ezintsha kwaye utyhale imida yakho. 10. Yonwaba ngelixa ufunda!