Burmesename Iimpahla zolwimi Guqulela

Xhosa: Ibhulorho Phakathi Kwenkcubeko

Kweli hlabathi lehlabathi liphela, ukuqonda iyantlukwano yeenkcubeko kunye neelwimi kubalulekile. Isiburmese yenye yeelwimi ezininzi ezithethwa Easia nakwihlabathi liphela, kwaye kumashishini amaninzi kunye nemibutho, kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuqonda Isiburmese ukuze unxibelelane ngcono nabathengi okanye abathengi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukukwazi ukufikelela kwinguqulelo Yesiburma echanileyo nethembekileyo kubalulekile.

Inguqulelo yesiburma inokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwamashishini, imibutho kunye nabantu abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, iinkcubeko kunye neelwimi. Idibanisa abantu, ibanceda ukuba banxibelelane, benze unxibelelwano, kwaye basebenzisane. Isiburmese lulwimi Lwasemyanmar, yaye sithetha ngabantu abazizigidi ezingama-33 ehlabathini lonke. Nangona Isiburmese lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Emyanmar, ezinye iilwimi ezininzi zithethwa apho, Njengokaren, Umon, Ukachin, Urakhine, Ushan Nowa. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba baqonde ezi ezinye iilwimi ukongeza Isiburma ukuba ufuna kuba nako zithungelana ngenene kunye abantu basekuhlaleni.

Ukuze ufumane eyona nguqulelo Yesiburma ichanileyo nethembekileyo, kubalulekile ukusebenza nenkonzo yokuguqulela yobungcali enamava Ngesiburma nezinye iilwimi ezisetyenziswa Emyanmar. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka baqinisekiswe kwaye babe nokuqonda kakuhle ulwimi Lwesiburma kunye nenkcubeko ekuthethwa ngayo. Kufuneka baqhelane nemiba yolwimi kunye nesilwimi. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile kwaye luchanekile, kwaye neenkcukacha ezincinci aziphoswa.

Ukuba nokufikelela kwinguqulelo yobungcali Yesiburma kunceda amashishini kunye nemibutho ibhenela kubaphulaphuli abakhulu. Ngokuqonda inkcubeko kunye nolwimi, amashishini kunye nemibutho bayakwazi ukunxibelelana ngakumbi nabathengi babo kunye nabathengi, ukwandisa amathuba okwenza unxibelelwano oluhle kunye nokuvelisa iziphumo eziphumeleleyo.

Ngokubanzi, inguqulelo Yesiburma yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwenza ishishini nabantu abavela Emyanmar nakwamanye amazwe apho kuthethwa Isiburma. Ngokuqonda ulwimi nenkcubeko, amashishini kunye nemibutho bayakwazi ukunxibelelana kwaye basebenzisane nabathengi okanye abathengi, ukunceda uqoqosho lwehlabathi lukhule kwaye luphumelele.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Isiburma?

Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Emyanmar (Eyayisaziwa Ngokuba Yiburma). Iyathethwa kwamanye amazwe kulo mmandla, kubandakanya Ibangladesh, I-India, Kunye Nethailand.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngesiburma?

Ulwimi Lwaseburmese lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Arayan olunxulumene nezinye iilwimi Ezifana Netibeto-Burman Kunye Nemon-Khmer. Inemvelaphi yayo kwimpucuko Yepyu Kunye Nemon, eyayihlala kwindawo ngoku eyimyanmar ukusuka kwinkulungwane yesi-2 BC Isiburmese siphuhliswe kwezi lwimi kunye Nepali Nesisanskrit, ezaziswa ngabavangeli Bamabuddha ngenkulungwane ye-9 neye-10.
Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11, Isiburma saba lulwimi lokubhala olusetyenziswa kwiinkundla ezininzi nakwiitempile. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-14, olu lwimi lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni lwenkundla yobukumkani Baseburma baseava. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezizayo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwasasazeka kulo lonke ilizwe, yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni lwedolophu enkulu Yasetungoo ngo-1511.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Inkqubo yokubhala Yaseburma yatshintshile kakhulu, kwaye ulwimi lwasetyenziswa kumaxwebhu aseburhulumenteni kunye nemibongo. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali Basebritane, isingesi saba lulwimi oluphambili kweli lizwe, kwaye uncwadi Lwaseburma lwaqalisa ukuxuba namabinzana olwimi lwesingesi. Kule minyaka, ulwimi luye lwaziqhelanisa namaxesha anamhlanje, ukongeza amagama amatsha kunye namagama avela kwimithombo yangaphandle, kubandakanya isingesi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseburma?

1. Ugqr. Ko Aung: enye yeelwimi eziphezulu Zesiburma kunye nomphengululi obalaseleyo owabhala iincwadi ezininzi kunye namaphepha kulwimi Lwesiburma.
2. U-Chit Maung: U-Chit Maung wayengunozakuzaku Waseburma E-United Kingdom ukusukela ngo-1964 ukuya ku-1971, ngelo xesha wenza iinzame ezininzi zokukhuthaza ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Yaseburma E-UK.
3. U Thant: u Thant wayengumongameli Waseburma, owayekhonza Njengonobhala-Jikelele wesithathu Wezizwe ezimanyeneyo. Umsebenzi wakhe uphawuleka ngokulondolozwa kunye nokukhuthazwa kolwimi Lwesiburma.
4. Daw Saw My Twin: Daw Saw My Twin ngumbhali Odumileyo Waseburma kunye nembongi, kunye nenani elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso kunye nokuthandwa kolwimi Lwaseburma.
5. U Thin Tin: U Thin tin wayeyingcali yeelwimi Zesiburma, owayesebenza ngenkuthalo ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa nokuqonda kolwimi Lwesiburma noncwadi lwaso.

Njani ulwimi Lwesiburma?

Ulwimi Lwesiburma lulwimi lwetoni, oluthetha ukuba igama elifanayo linokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni ethethwa kuyo. Lulwimi lokuhlalutya, oko kuthetha ukuba umyalelo wegama awubalulekanga njengamagama omxholo (izibizo kunye nezenzi) zokudlulisa intsingiselo. Isakhiwo sesilabhasi solwimi YI-CVC (i-consonant-vowel-consonant) kwaye ulwimi lubhalwa ngeskripthi esithile, esifana Neskripthi Sase-Indian Devanagari.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesiburma ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngekhosi ekwi-intanethi: zininzi izifundo ezikwi-intanethi onokuzithatha ukuze ufunde Isiburmese, Njengerosetta Stone okanye Ipimsleur. Ezi zifundo zinika izifundo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nayo yonke into ukusuka kwigrama ukuya kwisigama.
2. Fumana umhlohli: Ukuba ufuna ukufunda Isiburmese ngokukhawuleza kwaye uhambe ngaphaya kweziseko, cinga ngokufumana umhlohli wabucala. Umhlohli unokubonelela ngemfundo eyenzelwe wena, ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye akuncede ufunde ngesantya sakho.
3. Funda, umamele, kwaye ubukele: ukuze ube usazi kakuhle naluphi na ulwimi, kufuneka uziqhelanise nokufunda, ukumamela nokuthetha. Fumana iincwadi zesiburma neemagazini ukuze ufunde, ubukele imiboniso bhanyabhanya Yaseburma uze umamele iingoma Zesiburma.
4. Zibhaptize: Akukho Nto ibetha ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo kulwimi - Kwaye Isiburma ayikho ngaphandle. Cinga ngokundwendwela Iburma kunye nokuchitha ixesha kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ukwakha izakhono zakho zolwimi.

Ibelarus lilizwe Elisempuma Yurophu elinomda Werashiya, Iukraine, Ipoland, Ilithuania Nelatvia. Ukuguqulela amaxwebhu, uncwadi kunye neewebhusayithi Kwi-Belarusian yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonxibelelwano lwamazwe aphesheya, hayi kuphela Phakathi Kwebelarusians kunye nezinye izizwe kodwa nakwilizwe ngokwalo. Ngabemi abaphantse babe zizigidi ezili-10, kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuguqulela ngokufanelekileyo Kwisibelarusian ukuze unxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo nawo onke amacandelo oluntu kweli lizwe lahlukeneyo.

Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasebelarus Sisibelarusian kwaye zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokubhala, zombini ezihlala zisetyenziswa ekuguquleleni: ialfabhethi yesilatini Kunye Nesicyrillic. Ialfabhethi yesilatini ivela kwisilatini, ulwimi Lobukhosi Baseroma, kwaye isetyenziswa kumazwe amaninzi asentshona; inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nealfabhethi yasepoland. Ngeli xesha, I-Cyrillic, ephuma kwi-alfabhethi yesigrike kwaye yadalwa yimonki, inxulumene kakhulu nerashiya kwaye isetyenziswe kumazwe amaninzi Empuma Yurophu Naseasia Ephakathi.

Umguquleli Wasebelarusian kufuneka aqonde kakuhle zombini ialfabhethi ukuze adlulise ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yombhalo womthombo. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nomyalelo olungileyo wegrama kunye nesigama Sasebelarusian, kunye nolwazi lwenkcubeko Yasebelarusian, ukuze avelise uguqulelo oluchanekileyo.

Ukuguqulela Ukusuka Kwisingesi Ukuya Kwisibelarusian okanye Ukusuka Kwisibelarusian ukuya kwisingesi akunzima kangako, ukuba nje umguquleli uluqonda ulwimi kwaye uyakwazi ukuhambisa umyalezo ngokuchanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi unzima ngakumbi kwabo bafuna ukuguqulela Ukusuka Ebelarusian ukuya kolunye ulwimi olufana nesijamani, isifrentshi, okanye ispanish. Oku kungenxa yokuba umguquleli unokufuna ukuguqula umyalezo kulwimi ekujoliswe kulo usebenzisa amagama okanye amabinzana angekhoyo Ebelarusian.

Omnye umceli mngeni abajamelene nawo abaguquleli Basebelarusian kukuba amagama amaninzi kunye namabinzana anokuba neenguqulelo ezininzi kuxhomekeke kumongo. Ukongeza, kwezinye iimeko, kukho amagama aneentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo ngesingesi Nangesibelarusian, ke umguquleli kufuneka azi ngalo mahluko kwaye adjustelelanise uguqulelo lwabo ngokufanelekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, xa uguqulela Ebelarusian, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikela ingqalelo kumxholo wenkcubeko kwaye uphephe nayiphi na imigaqo ekhubekisayo okanye engathandekiyo yenkcubeko okanye amabinzana. Ukuze uguqulele ngokuchanekileyo umyalezo Ngesibelarusian, umguquleli kufuneka aqhelane nolwimi, izakhiwo zalo zegrama, kunye nemeko yenkcubeko yoluntu Lwasebelarusian.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umsebenzi, uguqulelo Lwasebelarusian lunokuba ngumceli mngeni, kodwa ngohlobo olufanelekileyo lolwazi kunye nobuchule, lunokuphumelela. Ngokuqonda indlela ulwimi olusebenza ngayo kunye nokuqonda ukubaluleka komxholo wenkcubeko, umguquleli Wasebelarusian onobuchule unokunceda ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi kwaye enze unxibelelwano olunentsingiselo.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasebelarusian?

Ulwimi Lwasebelarusian luthethwa ikakhulu Ebelarus nakwimimandla Ethile Yaserussia, Eukraine, Elithuania, Elatvia Nasepoland.

Ziziphi iilwimi Ezisemthethweni Zasebelarusian?

Ulwimi Lwasebelarusian lwakudala Lwasempuma Slavic. Olu lwimi lwavela ngenkulungwane ye-11 kwaye yayilulwimi lwexesha Lasekievan Rus' ngaphambi kokuhla kwayo ngenkulungwane ye-13. Ngeli xesha, Yayiphenjelelwa Kakhulu Yicawa Yeslavonic nezinye iilwimi.
Ngenkulungwane ye-13 neye-14, olu lwimi lwaqalisa ukwahlukana lwaba ziziyelelane ezibini: iziyelelane ezisemantla nezasemazantsi Ebelarusian. Ulwimi lwasemazantsi lwalusisiseko solwimi loncwadi olusetyenziswa Kwigrand Duchy Yaselithuania, olwathi kamva lwaba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni lwelo lizwe.
Ngexesha Le-Muscovite, ukususela ngekhulu le-15, Ibelarusian yayiphenjelelwa ngakumbi ngesirashiya, kwaye ulwimi Lwangoku Lwasebelarusian lwaqala ukuthatha imilo yalo. Ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17, kwabakho iinzame zokulungisa nokulungisa ulwimi, kodwa ezi nzame ekugqibeleni aziphumelelanga.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Ibelarusian yafumana imvuselelo njengolwimi oluthethwayo kunye nolwimi loncwadi. Ngowe-1920, kwathiwa enye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zesoviet Union. Nangona kunjalo, ukucinezelwa Kwamastalin kuma-1930 kwabangela ukuhla kokusetyenziswa kolwimi. Yavuselelwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960 kwaye ukususela ngoko yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasebelarus.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasebelarusian?

1. Ufrancysk Skaryna (1485-1541): Ngokuqhelekileyo ubizwa ngokuba "Nguyise Weencwadi Zasebelarusian", Uskaryna wayengumvakalisi wokuqala kunye nomguquleli weetekisi Zamakristu ezivela kwisilatini nesiczech Ukuya Ebelarusian. Ugxekwa ngokuvuselela ulwimi Lwasebelarusian kunye nokukhuthaza ababhali bexesha elizayo ukuba basebenze ngolwimi.
2. Usimeon Polotsky (1530-1580): umfundisi wezakwalizwi, imbongi kunye nefilosofi, Upolotsky waziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe emininzi kwiinkalo zolwimi, imbali, inkcubeko, inkolo kunye nejografi. Wabhala imibhalo emininzi Ngesibelarusian eye yaba yimisebenzi yeencwadi zasebelarusian.
3. Uyanka Kupala( 1882-1942): imbongi kunye nomdlali wokudlala, Kupala wabhala kuzo Zombini Ibelarusian kunye nesirashiya kwaye ithathwa ngokubanzi njengembongi ebaluleke Kakhulu Yasebelarusian yekhulu lama-20.
4. Uyaku Kolas (1882-1956): imbongi kunye nombhali, Ukolas wabhala ngolwimi Lwasebelarusian oluthethwa kwintshona yelizwe kwaye wazisa amagama amaninzi amatsha kunye namabinzana kulwimi.
5. Uvasil Bykaŭ (1924-2003): imbongi, umbhali wokudlala, umbhali wesikrini kunye nomphikisi, Ubykaŭ wabhala amabali, imidlalo kunye nemibongo ebonisa ubomi Ebelarus ngexesha lomsebenzi Wesoviet. Uninzi lwemisebenzi yakhe ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuncwadi lwangoku Lwasebelarusian.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwasebelarusian?

Ulwimi Lwasebelarusian luyinxalenye yeqela Leelwimi Zasempuma Slavic kwaye lihambelana kakhulu nesirashiya nesiukraine. I-inflective kakhulu, ithetha ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamagama zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa uluhlu lweentsingiselo, kunye nolwimi oluhlangeneyo, oku kuthetha ukuba amagama anzima kunye namabinzana adalwa ngokudibanisa izihlanganisi kwamanye amagama kunye ne-morphemes. I-Grammatically, ubukhulu becala I-SOV (isihloko-into-isenzi) ngokulandelelana kwegama kwaye isebenzisa zombini amadoda kunye nabasetyhini kunye namatyala amaninzi. Ngokwentetho, lulwimi Lweslavic oluneempembelelo ezithile zesiczech nesipolish.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwasebelarusian ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha ikhosi yolwimi olusemthethweni: Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ulwimi Lwasebelarusian, ukuthatha ikhosi yolwimi lwe-Intanethi okanye lomntu yindlela elungileyo yokuqala. Ikhosi yolwimi inokukunceda ufunde iziseko zolwimi kwaye ikunike isakhiwo sokwakha kwizakhono zakho.
2. Ukuntywiliselwa: ukuze ufunde ulwimi ngokwenyani kwaye uzuze ngokutyibilikayo, uya kufuna ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka uzifaka kulwimi. Mamela Umculo Wasebelarusian, ubukele iifilimu Zasebelarusian kunye nemiboniso yetv, ufunde iincwadi Zasebelarusian, iiblogi kunye namanqaku-nantoni na eya kukunceda uve kwaye usebenzise ulwimi.
3. Ukuziqhelanisa: Ukuchitha ixesha uthetha kwaye umamele ulwimi kubalulekile ekufundeni ulwimi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuziqhelanisa nokuthetha ulwimi - unokujoyina iqela lolwimi, ufumane iqabane lolwimi, okanye usebenzise ii-apps zokufunda ulwimi ukuze uziqhelanise nezithethi zomthonyama.
4. Fumana ingxelo: Nje ukuba uziqhelanise nokuthetha nokumamela ulwimi, kubalulekile ukuba ufumane ingxelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo. Ungasebenzisa ii-apps zokufunda ulwimi ukufumana ingxelo kwizithethi zomthonyama okanye ufumane umhlohli okwi-intanethi onokukubonelela ngesikhokelo esenzelwe wena kunye nengxelo.