Burmesename I-telugu Guqulela

Xhosa: Ibhulorho Phakathi Kwenkcubeko

Kweli hlabathi lehlabathi liphela, ukuqonda iyantlukwano yeenkcubeko kunye neelwimi kubalulekile. Isiburmese yenye yeelwimi ezininzi ezithethwa Easia nakwihlabathi liphela, kwaye kumashishini amaninzi kunye nemibutho, kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuqonda Isiburmese ukuze unxibelelane ngcono nabathengi okanye abathengi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukukwazi ukufikelela kwinguqulelo Yesiburma echanileyo nethembekileyo kubalulekile.

Inguqulelo yesiburma inokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwamashishini, imibutho kunye nabantu abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, iinkcubeko kunye neelwimi. Idibanisa abantu, ibanceda ukuba banxibelelane, benze unxibelelwano, kwaye basebenzisane. Isiburmese lulwimi Lwasemyanmar, yaye sithetha ngabantu abazizigidi ezingama-33 ehlabathini lonke. Nangona Isiburmese lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Emyanmar, ezinye iilwimi ezininzi zithethwa apho, Njengokaren, Umon, Ukachin, Urakhine, Ushan Nowa. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba baqonde ezi ezinye iilwimi ukongeza Isiburma ukuba ufuna kuba nako zithungelana ngenene kunye abantu basekuhlaleni.

Ukuze ufumane eyona nguqulelo Yesiburma ichanileyo nethembekileyo, kubalulekile ukusebenza nenkonzo yokuguqulela yobungcali enamava Ngesiburma nezinye iilwimi ezisetyenziswa Emyanmar. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka baqinisekiswe kwaye babe nokuqonda kakuhle ulwimi Lwesiburma kunye nenkcubeko ekuthethwa ngayo. Kufuneka baqhelane nemiba yolwimi kunye nesilwimi. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile kwaye luchanekile, kwaye neenkcukacha ezincinci aziphoswa.

Ukuba nokufikelela kwinguqulelo yobungcali Yesiburma kunceda amashishini kunye nemibutho ibhenela kubaphulaphuli abakhulu. Ngokuqonda inkcubeko kunye nolwimi, amashishini kunye nemibutho bayakwazi ukunxibelelana ngakumbi nabathengi babo kunye nabathengi, ukwandisa amathuba okwenza unxibelelwano oluhle kunye nokuvelisa iziphumo eziphumeleleyo.

Ngokubanzi, inguqulelo Yesiburma yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwenza ishishini nabantu abavela Emyanmar nakwamanye amazwe apho kuthethwa Isiburma. Ngokuqonda ulwimi nenkcubeko, amashishini kunye nemibutho bayakwazi ukunxibelelana kwaye basebenzisane nabathengi okanye abathengi, ukunceda uqoqosho lwehlabathi lukhule kwaye luphumelele.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Isiburma?

Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Emyanmar (Eyayisaziwa Ngokuba Yiburma). Iyathethwa kwamanye amazwe kulo mmandla, kubandakanya Ibangladesh, I-India, Kunye Nethailand.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngesiburma?

Ulwimi Lwaseburmese lulwimi Lwase-Indo-Arayan olunxulumene nezinye iilwimi Ezifana Netibeto-Burman Kunye Nemon-Khmer. Inemvelaphi yayo kwimpucuko Yepyu Kunye Nemon, eyayihlala kwindawo ngoku eyimyanmar ukusuka kwinkulungwane yesi-2 BC Isiburmese siphuhliswe kwezi lwimi kunye Nepali Nesisanskrit, ezaziswa ngabavangeli Bamabuddha ngenkulungwane ye-9 neye-10.
Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11, Isiburma saba lulwimi lokubhala olusetyenziswa kwiinkundla ezininzi nakwiitempile. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-14, olu lwimi lwaba lulwimi olusemthethweni lwenkundla yobukumkani Baseburma baseava. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezizayo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwasasazeka kulo lonke ilizwe, yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni lwedolophu enkulu Yasetungoo ngo-1511.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Inkqubo yokubhala Yaseburma yatshintshile kakhulu, kwaye ulwimi lwasetyenziswa kumaxwebhu aseburhulumenteni kunye nemibongo. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali Basebritane, isingesi saba lulwimi oluphambili kweli lizwe, kwaye uncwadi Lwaseburma lwaqalisa ukuxuba namabinzana olwimi lwesingesi. Kule minyaka, ulwimi luye lwaziqhelanisa namaxesha anamhlanje, ukongeza amagama amatsha kunye namagama avela kwimithombo yangaphandle, kubandakanya isingesi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseburma?

1. Ugqr. Ko Aung: enye yeelwimi eziphezulu Zesiburma kunye nomphengululi obalaseleyo owabhala iincwadi ezininzi kunye namaphepha kulwimi Lwesiburma.
2. U-Chit Maung: U-Chit Maung wayengunozakuzaku Waseburma E-United Kingdom ukusukela ngo-1964 ukuya ku-1971, ngelo xesha wenza iinzame ezininzi zokukhuthaza ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Yaseburma E-UK.
3. U Thant: u Thant wayengumongameli Waseburma, owayekhonza Njengonobhala-Jikelele wesithathu Wezizwe ezimanyeneyo. Umsebenzi wakhe uphawuleka ngokulondolozwa kunye nokukhuthazwa kolwimi Lwesiburma.
4. Daw Saw My Twin: Daw Saw My Twin ngumbhali Odumileyo Waseburma kunye nembongi, kunye nenani elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso kunye nokuthandwa kolwimi Lwaseburma.
5. U Thin Tin: U Thin tin wayeyingcali yeelwimi Zesiburma, owayesebenza ngenkuthalo ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa nokuqonda kolwimi Lwesiburma noncwadi lwaso.

Njani ulwimi Lwesiburma?

Ulwimi Lwesiburma lulwimi lwetoni, oluthetha ukuba igama elifanayo linokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwithoni ethethwa kuyo. Lulwimi lokuhlalutya, oko kuthetha ukuba umyalelo wegama awubalulekanga njengamagama omxholo (izibizo kunye nezenzi) zokudlulisa intsingiselo. Isakhiwo sesilabhasi solwimi YI-CVC (i-consonant-vowel-consonant) kwaye ulwimi lubhalwa ngeskripthi esithile, esifana Neskripthi Sase-Indian Devanagari.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesiburma ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngekhosi ekwi-intanethi: zininzi izifundo ezikwi-intanethi onokuzithatha ukuze ufunde Isiburmese, Njengerosetta Stone okanye Ipimsleur. Ezi zifundo zinika izifundo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nayo yonke into ukusuka kwigrama ukuya kwisigama.
2. Fumana umhlohli: Ukuba ufuna ukufunda Isiburmese ngokukhawuleza kwaye uhambe ngaphaya kweziseko, cinga ngokufumana umhlohli wabucala. Umhlohli unokubonelela ngemfundo eyenzelwe wena, ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye akuncede ufunde ngesantya sakho.
3. Funda, umamele, kwaye ubukele: ukuze ube usazi kakuhle naluphi na ulwimi, kufuneka uziqhelanise nokufunda, ukumamela nokuthetha. Fumana iincwadi zesiburma neemagazini ukuze ufunde, ubukele imiboniso bhanyabhanya Yaseburma uze umamele iingoma Zesiburma.
4. Zibhaptize: Akukho Nto ibetha ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo kulwimi - Kwaye Isiburma ayikho ngaphandle. Cinga ngokundwendwela Iburma kunye nokuchitha ixesha kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ukwakha izakhono zakho zolwimi.

I-Telugu lulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe Laseindiya iandhra Pradesh, kwaye kuthethwa zizigidi zabantu kulo Lonke Elaseindiya, kubandakanya nakwezinye iindawo Zasekarnataka, Isitamil Nadu, Kunye Nemaharashtra. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi, ukufumana iinguqulelo Zesitelugu kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kubantu abaninzi, ngakumbi abo bahlala phesheya.

Ngombulelo, ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi ezinokuthenjwa zokufumana iinguqulelo eziphezulu Zesitelegram. Iinkonzo zobungcali zikho ezibonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo, eziqinisekisiweyo zamaxwebhu oshishino kunye nawobuqu ukusuka kwisingesi Ukuya Kwitelugu okanye ngokuchaseneyo. Ezi nkonzo zisebenzisa abaguquleli abanamava abazizithethi zolwimi lweenkobe kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu aguqulelweyo agcina inqanaba elifanayo lokuchaneka kunye nomgangatho njengomxholo wokuqala.

Kumashishini, ukufumana uguqulelo Oluchanekileyo lwetelugu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yempumelelo yamanye amazwe. Kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba amaxwebhu abo aguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze bafikelele kubathengi abanokubakho kunye namaqabane elizweni. Iinguqulelo ezichanileyo aziyi kubanceda nje ukuba bandise ngempumelelo ukufikelela kwiimarike zabo, kodwa ziya kunceda ukuphepha ukungaqondani okunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu.

Xa kuziwa kubantu abafuna ukufumana amaxwebhu abo obuqu aguqulelwe, iinguqulelo Zesitelegram zibalulekile. Oku kunokuba kubaluleke ngakumbi kubantu abafuna ukufaka isicelo se-visa, ubumi, imisebenzi, okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo loxwebhu olufuna ukuchaneka ngokusemthethweni.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isizathu, iinguqulelo Ze-Telegram kufuneka zibe yinto ephambili. Ngokukhetha iinkonzo zobungcali eziqesha abaguquleli besithethi somthonyama, amashishini kunye nabantu ngokufanayo banokuqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu abo achanekile kwaye aguqulelwe ngobuchule ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwesitelugu?

Isitelugu sithethwa ikakhulu Eindiya, apho lulwimi olusemthethweni kumazwe Eandhra Pradesh, Itelangana Neyanam. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abambalwa abambalwa kumazwe angabamelwane Basekarnataka, Etamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh Kunye Ne-Odisha, kwaye kuthethwa ngobuninzi kwilizwe Lasepuducherry, eyintsimi yomanyano Yaseindiya.

Yintoni imbali Yolwimi Lwetelegram?

Ulwimi Lwesitelugu lwaqala ukuvela kwimisebenzi yokubhala esekelwe Kwisisanskrit yekhulu le-10 kwaye sele iguqukile Ukusuka Kwitelugu Endala, Ukuya Kwitelugu Ephakathi kunye nolwimi lwesitelugu lwangoku. Imibhalo yokuqala eyaziwayo Kwisitelugu yabuyela kwikhulu le-5 AD kwaye yafunyanwa Kwi-Asrama imiqolomba yesithili Sase-Anantapur E-Andhra Pradesh. Olu lwimi lwalusetyenziselwa iirekhodi zomthetho nezorhwebo ngeli xesha.
Ngexesha eliphakathi, Utelugu wayephenjelelwa kakhulu ngamasanskrit Kunye Namaprakrit kunye neembongi zeli xesha zabhala ngothando lwabo ngolwimi. Imizekelo yale misebenzi iquka I-Mahabharatam Yasenannayya, I-Palkuriki Somana Yasebasava Puranam, Kunye Ne-Tikkanna Yaserukmangada Charitra.
Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-17 neye-18, uncwadi Lwesitelugu lwachuma, kunye nababhali abanjengobhimi Reddi, Pingali Surana, Atukuri Molla, Chinnayasoori, Paravastu Chinnayya Sori, Nokandukuri Veeresalingam Pantulu bonke besenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kulwimi noncwadi lwalo. Ngomnyaka we-1875, Iyunivesithi Yasemadras yaqala ukufundisa Iincwadi Zesitelugu, okwenza iyunivesithi yokuqala Yaseindiya ukwenza njalo.
Namhlanje, Itelugu lolona lwimi luthethwayo Kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseindiya. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwilizwe Lase-Andhra Pradesh nakwimimandla ekumda Wasekarnataka, Etamil Nadu Nase-Orissa, nakwezinye iindawo Zasemaharashtra, Echhattisgarh Nasejharkhand.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu Kulwimi Lwesitelugu?

1. I-Vemana: I-vemana yimbongi Eyaziwayo Yasetelugu, i-mystic kunye nefilosofi. Uyaziwa kakhulu ngemibongo yakhe enobubele kunye nengqiqo, ebonisa iimfundiso Ze-Advaita Vedanta. Wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko kunye noncwadi Lwetelugu.
2. Unannayya: Unannayya ngumfundi Wesisanskrit, igrama kunye nomlobi owayephila ngekhulu le-11. Uthathwa njengoyise woncwadi Lwesitelegram njengoko kukholeleka ukuba ubhale imizekelo yokuqala yoncwadi Lwesitelegram.
3. Unkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe, oyingqayizivele i izwi lamashumi amane nanye unkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe, oyingqayizivele i izwi lamashumi amane nanye Kubikwa ngokubhala Imahabharata Etelugu, eyaziwa ngokuthi 'Tikkana Mahabharatamu'. Kwakhona wabhala amagqabantshintshi Nge-Bhagavad Gita,Bhagavata Purana, Kunye Ne-Upanishads.
4. U-Annamacharya: U-Annamacharya uyimbongi ephefumlelweyo kunye nengcwele eyayiphila ngekhulu le-15. Waqamba iingoma ezingaphezu kwe-32 000 ngokudumisa Inkosi Ivenkateswara Etirupati, eyaziwa ngokudibeneyo njenge 'Sri Annamacharya Sankirtanas'. Ezi ngoma zisaculwa kwiitempile kumazantsi Eindiya namhlanje.
5. Uc. P. Brown: Ucharles Philip Brown wayengumfundi Wasebrithani Kunye ne-philologist owayesebenza kakhulu Ngolwimi Lwesitelugu. Waqulunqa isichazi-magama sokuqala Sesitelugu kwaye waguqulela imisebenzi emininzi yeklasikhi ukusuka Kwisisanskrit Ukuya Kwisitelugu. Igalelo lakhe elixabisekileyo Kulwimi Lwesitelugu noncwadi lukhunjulwa nanamhlanje.

Njani ulwimi Lwesitelegram?

I-Telugu lulwimi oluguqukayo, oluthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokongeza izimamva kwisiseko okanye ifom yengcambu. Umzekelo, igama elithi "inja" ngu "kukka" kwaye igama elithi "izinja" ngu " kukkala.""Isakhiwo silumkile, I-Telugu ine-vso (Isenzi-Isihloko-Into) umyalelo wegama, kwaye isebenzisa isini kunye nokuhlukana kwetyala. Inamatyala amathathu aphambili: ngqo, oblique, kunye nendawo. Ukongezelela, inezenzi ezine kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokuhlonipha.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesitelugu ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha ikhosi yolwimi Lwesitelegram: kukho inani lezifundo ezikwi-intanethi nezisemntwini ezikhoyo ukukunceda ufunde Isitelegram. Bhalisa ukuze ufumane intshayelelo ebanzi kulwimi, eya kukumisela impumelelo.
2. Phanda I-telegram: kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela ulwimi olusebenza ngayo kwimeko yokuncokola. Qala ngokumamela izithethi zomthonyama Zetelugu kwaye uziqhelanise nokuphindaphinda amabinzana emva kwabo.
3. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ukuziqhelanisa negrama: Nje Ukuba ube nenqanaba elisisiseko lokuncokola Ngesitelegu, qala ujonge imiba entsonkothileyo yolwimi, njengokuqina kwesenzi kunye nolwakhiwo lwesivakalisi. Ukufunda iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye namanqaku Etelugu yindlela enhle yokusebenzisa izakhono zakho zegrama.
4. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ze-intanethi: iiwebhusayithi Ezininzi zibonelela ngemisebenzi yokufunda kunye nolwazi malunga nolwimi Lwesitelugu kunye nenkcubeko. Jonga iiforamu Zolwimi Lwesitelugu ukuze udibane nabanye abafundi, fumana amaqabane okufunda, kwaye ubuze imibuzo.
5. Zibhaptize kwinkcubeko: indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi kukuntywila kwinkcubeko. Mamela Umculo Wesitelugu, ubukele iimuvi, uye kwiminyhadala kunye neminyhadala, kwaye wenze abahlobo nabantu abathetha Isitelugu ukuba batyibilike kulwimi.