Isihindi Isigeorgia Guqulela

Isihindi lulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingama-500 Eindiya nakumazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseindiya, kunye nesingesi kunye nezinye iilwimi zommandla. Inguqulelo yesihindi iye yabaluleka ngakumbi kule minyaka idlulileyo njengoko isidingo sonxibelelwano phakathi kwesihindi nesingesi sikhula.

Ulwimi Lwesihindi luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye lunoluhlu lweelwimi. Olu lwimi luquka amagama ahlukahlukeneyo avela kwisisanskrit, Isiurdu, kunye nemithombo yasepersi, ukudala umxube okhethekileyo weelwimi. Ukuguqulela ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kuchitha ixesha, ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekuguquleleni amaxwebhu abhaliweyo okanye amaphepha ewebhu. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Isihindi zobungcali zifunwa kakhulu, zivumela amashishini kunye nabantu ukuba baguqule ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo amaxwebhu kunye neetekisi Zibe Sisihindi.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli Wesihindi, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe umntu oqonda izinto zolwimi, kunye neelwimi zayo ezahlukeneyo. Abaguquleli abanamava baya kuluqonda ngokunzulu ulwimi negrama yalo, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni iinguqulelo ezichanileyo. Baya kuqhelana nesigama esisetyenziswe kumashishini athile kunye neemeko, ukwenzela ukuba isicatshulwa singalahlekelwa nayiphi na intsingiselo yaso yokuqala kwinkqubo yokuguqulela. Ukongeza, umguquleli olungileyo wesihindi uya kuba nolwazi malunga nemigaqo yenkcubeko enxulumene nolwimi kwaye aqinisekise ukuba naziphi na izinto eziguqulelweyo ziyazithathela ingqalelo ezi zinto.

Inguqulelo yesihindi sisakhono esikhethekileyo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqesha abaguquleli abanamava, abaqeqeshiweyo. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi ezinokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zesihindi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuvavanya ezi nkampani ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho. Iinguqulelo ezingcono ziya kubamba umoya wolwimi, kunokuba zibonelele ngenguqulelo yokoqobo yamagama.

Inguqulelo yesihindi sisixhobo esixabisekileyo sokuvala umsantsa wonxibelelwano phakathi kwesihindi nesingesi. Ngoncedo lwabaguquleli abaziingcali, amashishini anokunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo nabathengi bawo beelwimi ezimbini, ngelixa abantu banokunxibelelana nosapho kunye nabahlobo ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isihindi?

Isihindi sithethwa ikakhulu Eindiya Nasenepal, kodwa ikwathethwa nakwamanye amazwe kubandakanya Ibangladesh, Iguyana, Imauritius, Ipakistan, Itrinidad Netobago, Isuriname, Iuganda, Iunited Arab Emirates, Iunited Kingdom, Iunited States, Kunye Neyemen.

Yintoni i-hindi language history?

Ulwimi Lwesihindi luneengcambu zalo kulwimi Lwesisanskrit Lwakudala Lwaseindiya olwavela ngexesha Levedic (malunga ne – 1500-500 BCE). Isihindi yinxalenye Ye-Indo-Aryan okanye usapho lolwimi Lwaseindiya, kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseindiya.
Ngenkulungwane ye-14 impembelelo yamapersi yayibalulekile kwiindawo ezisemantla Eindiya kwaye yabangela ukuphuhliswa kolwimi Lwekhariboli, ukhokho wamahindu anamhlanje. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, Ubukhosi Basemughal basasaza impembelelo yabo Kulo Lonke Elaseindiya kwaye oku kwaphumela ekusasazeni ulwimi Lwesiurdu, olusuka kwisiarabhu nasepersia oluxubene nolwimi lwekhariboli lomthonyama. Olu lwimi luxubeneyo lwalusetyenziselwa injongo yoncwadi nolawulo kwaye lwaziwa ngokuba Yihindustani ethathwa njengengaphambili kuzo Zombini Iurdu Nesihindi.
I-British Raj yaba negalelo kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo Lwamahindu. Imibhalo Yamahindu yaguqulelwa kwiskripthi Sedevanagari, iskripthi esisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje. Ngexesha lolawulo lwabo, Amabritane akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwesingesi abantu abaninzi bamkela isingesi njengolwimi lwabo oluthandayo. Nangona kunjalo izikolo ezifundiswe kwi-devanagari script, zikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa Kwesihindi.
Ngowe-1949, kwaqatshelwa iindidi ezimbini ezahlukahlukeneyo zesihindustani: Isihindi, esibhalwe kwiskripthi Sedevanagari Nesiurdu, esibhalwe kwiskripthi sesipersi nesiarabhu. Isihindi sele sithandwa kakhulu Kwaye ngoku lolona lwimi luthethwayo Eindiya.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesihindi?

1. U-Amir Khusro: imbongi enkulu Yesufi kunye nomculi, owabhala ngesipersi, isiarabhu nesihindi, udunyiswa ngokudala isimbo esahlukileyo somculo We-indian classical owaziwa ngokuba yiqawwali. Ukwathweswe icala lokuduma kokusetshenziswa kolimi lwesihindustani oluhlanganisa izakhamuzi namapersi.
2. U-Subhadra Kumari Chauhan: udla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "nightingale Yaseindiya" ngenxa yombongo wakhe odumileyo "Ujhani ki Rani" osebenza njengokhuthazo kumfazi waseindiya wanamhlanje.
3. Uhazari Prasad Dwivedi: wayengumlobi obalaseleyo, umphengululi kunye nomgxeki obhala ngokubanzi malunga neencwadi Zesihindi. Usolwa ngokuduma kwezinhlelo zoncwadi i - 'chhayawadi'ezifuna ukuphuhlisa isitayela soncwadi Samahindu.
4. Umahadevi Vera: imbongi eyaziwayo, wayengomnye woovulindlela bechhayawadi. Wayesaziwa ngemibongo yakhe yobufazi kwaye imibhalo yakhe yayiluhlobo lokuqhankqalaza ngokuchasene nemilinganiselo yobuothodoki.
5. I-Premchand: uthathwa njengoyena mbhali ubalaseleyo Waseindiya Kunye nombhali wamabali amafutshane. Iinoveli zakhe zinika ukuqonda ngobomi kwi-Indian-independence, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe isafundwa ngokubanzi kwaye iyanconywa.

Yintoni i-hindu language structure?

Isakhiwo solwimi Lwesihindi sisekelwe kwi-SOV (umxholo-isenzi-isenzi) umyalelo. Ikwasebenzisa iskripthi Sedevanagari ekubhaleni. Isihindi lulwimi oluxinzelelekileyo olune-morphology etyebileyo equka izimamva, izimaphambili kunye nokudibanisa. Kukwakho nokudityaniswa okusekwe kwisini kunye nenani.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesihindi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Bukela Ama-movie Ama-Hindi nge-subtitles Ukubukela iimovie Zesihindi yindlela entle yokuziqhelanisa nolwimi nenkcubeko, kunye nokufunda amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana. Fumana ifilimu enomdla kuwe, ubeke izihloko kwaye uqale ukufunda.
2. Mamela iipodcasts kunye nonomathotholo. Ukumamela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi. Mamela iipodcasts, iinkqubo zikanomathotholo Zaseindiya, kunye nomculo ukuze uziqhelanise nezandi Zesihindi.
3. Practice ukubhala. Ukubhala yindlela entle yokuziqhelanisa negrama kunye nopelo lwakho. Qiniseka ukuba ubhala kuzo zombini iskripthi Se-Devanagari kunye neskripthi sesilatini.
4. Thatha iklasi okanye usebenzise isifundo esikwi-intanethi. Ukuthatha iklasi okanye ukusebenzisa isifundo se-intanethi kunokukunceda ufumane intshayelelo kwiziseko zegrama Yesihindi kunye nesigama.
5. Sebenzisa usetyenziso lweselfowuni okanye umdlalo. Kukho ezininzi mobile apps kwaye imidlalo ezikhoyo ukuba uza kukunceda ukufunda Isihindi ngendlela fun kwaye interactive indlela.
6. Gxininisa kwingxoxo. Nje ukuba uqonde iziseko ezisisiseko, eyona ndlela yokuphucula Isihindi sakho kukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha. Fumana iqabane lolwimi, thetha nabantu bendawo xa undwendwela I-India, okanye ujoyine uluntu oluthetha Isihindi kwi-intanethi.

Ulwimi lwasegeorgia lolunye lweelwimi ezindala Ezibhaliweyo nezithethwayo kwingingqi yasecaucasus. Ine-alfabhethi yayo kwaye yaziwa ngegrama yayo entsonkothileyo kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa entsonkothileyo. Ngenxa yoko, inguqulelo yesigeorgia yinkonzo ebalulekileyo kubantu kwihlabathi liphela abafuna ukunxibelelana Nabantu Basegeorgia ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

Iinguqulelo zesigeorgia zifuna umguquleli onamava njengoko ulwimi kunzima ukuba abantu bangaphandle baluqonde. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo basegeorgia kufuneka babe nobuchule bokubhala obuhle kakhulu kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kwenkcubeko kunye nolwimi Lwasegeorgia. Kufuneka bakwazi ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yamagama emva kwamagama abhaliweyo kunye nokuthetha.

Xa kuguqulelwa phakathi kwesigeorgia nezinye iilwimi, kubalulekile ukuchaneka. Inguqulelo elungileyo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo izinto kunye nomxholo wesicatshulwa, ukuze kucace kwaye kuqondakale. Umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo uya kugcina iimbekiselo zenkcubeko kunye namabinzana asondele kwisicatshulwa santlandlolo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukuguqulelwa kolwimi lwasegeorgia kwezinye iilwimi kulucelomngeni kuba kukho amagama amaninzi kulwimi olungekhoyo ngezinye iilwimi. Ngokomzekelo, xa uguqulela ukusuka kwisigeorgia ukuya kwisingesi, umguquleli kufuneka afumane igama elichanekileyo lesingesi okanye ibinzana elidlulisela kakuhle intsingiselo yegama lesigeorgia ngaphandle kokuphulukana nengqibelelo yalo. Oku kunokuba nzima kuba ezinye izivakalisi zesigeorgia azinayo ilingana ngokuthe ngqo kwezinye iilwimi.

Ekubeni isigeorgia singelolwimi oluthethwa kakhulu, kunokuba nzima ukusiguqulela ngesigeorgia. Kubalulekile ukusebenza nearhente yokuguqulela eyaziwayo okanye umguquleli onamava kwaye ekufanelekele ukubonelela ngeenguqulelo zesigeorgia ezichanekileyo.

Ngokuqonda ukuntsonkotha kolwimi lwasegeorgia, umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo unokubonelela ngoguqulelo olukumgangatho ophezulu olufaka undoqo wesicatshulwa kwaye luyinyani kwintsingiselo yantlandlolo. Ngoncedo lomguquleli onamava wasegeorgia, unokuqinisekisa ukuba amagama kunye namabinzana asetyenziswe kuxwebhu lwakho achanekile kwaye acacile.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasegeorgia?

Ulwimi lwesigeorgia luthethwa Kakhulu Egeorgia, nakwezinye iindawo zommandla Wasecaucasus, Njengeazerbaijan, Iarmenia Nerashiya. Ikwathethwa Eturkey, Eiran, Esiriya Nasegrisi.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesigeorgia?

Ulwimi lwesigeorgia lulwimi Lwesigeorgia oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-4 ubukhulu Becala Egeorgia. Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Egeorgia kwaye lusetyenziswa njengolwimi olusemthethweni ecaucasus. Imbali yolwimi lwasegeorgia inokulandelwa emva kwekhulu le-4 AD, xa i-alfabhethi yokuqala yesigeorgia, ebizwa Ngokuba Yi-Asomtavruli, yaphuhliswa. Le alphabet yalandelwa Yi-Mkhedruli alphabet esasetyenziswa nanamhlanje. Ngenkulungwane ye-9, Abantu Basegeorgia baqalisa ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokubhala yasearmenia. Kamva, isigeorgia samkela uhlobo lwesigeorgia loonobumba besigrike ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ngexesha Lesoviet, ulwimi lwafundiswa ezikolweni kulo lonke ilizwe, kunye nesirashiya. Emva kokuwa Kwesoviet Union, ukusetyenziswa kwesigeorgia kwanda kakhulu, kwaye ulwimi ngoku lunandipha ukuthandwa okukhulayo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasegeorgia?

1. U-Ivane Javakhishvili-Ingcali Yeelwimi kunye nomphengululi obeka isiseko se-philology yasegeorgia.
2. Ugiorgi Merchule-Umphengululi owaphuhlisa i-orthography yanamhlanje yasegeorgia.
3. Uakaki Tsereteli-Imbongi kunye nomfanekiso woluntu owazisa imisebenzi emininzi yasentshona kulwimi lwasegeorgia.
4. Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani-Imbongi nolwimi olwaluhambisela phambili ubutyebi bolwimi lwasegeorgia ngokwazisa amagama angaphandle, amabinzana oncwadi namabinzana.
5. Ugrigol Peradze-Umphengululi onomsebenzi kwigrama yasegeorgia wanikela isiseko sezifundo zolwimi zanamhlanje.

Uluphi ulwimi lwasegeorgia?

Ulwimi lwasegeorgia lulwimi oluguqukayo, oluthetha ukuba lusebenzisa izifinyezo (izimaphambili kunye nezimamva) ukwenza amagama. Ikwanesibizo esintsonkothileyo kunye nenkqubo yesenzi, eneepateni eziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga. I-georgia ibhalwe kwi-alfabhethi yayo, kunye neeleta ezingama-33. Olu lwimi lukwahlula phakathi kwamaqabane anqwenelekayo nangaphefumlelwanga, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yeelwimi ezimbalwa ukwenza njalo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasegeorgia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko. Funda i-alfabhethi yasegeorgia, ukubiza kunye nemithetho yegrama esisiseko. 2. Phuhlisa izakhono zakho zokumamela. Mamela izithethi zomthonyama kwaye usebenzise ukubiza kwakho. 3. Yakha isigama sakho. Funda amagama alula, amabinzana kunye nezivakalisi. 4. Ziqhelise ukufunda nokubhala. Sebenzisa iincwadi, iikhosi ezikwi-intanethi, iimagazini okanye amaphephandaba ngesigeorgia. 5. Musa ukulibala ukuthetha. Thetha nabantu abathetha iilwimi zesintu kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zokufunda ulwimi ezikwi-intanethi. 6. Get into Georgian culture Bukela iimuvi, mamela umculo, okanye ufunde iincwadi ngesigeorgia.