Isihindi I-mongolian Guqulela

Isihindi lulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingama-500 Eindiya nakumazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseindiya, kunye nesingesi kunye nezinye iilwimi zommandla. Inguqulelo yesihindi iye yabaluleka ngakumbi kule minyaka idlulileyo njengoko isidingo sonxibelelwano phakathi kwesihindi nesingesi sikhula.

Ulwimi Lwesihindi luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye lunoluhlu lweelwimi. Olu lwimi luquka amagama ahlukahlukeneyo avela kwisisanskrit, Isiurdu, kunye nemithombo yasepersi, ukudala umxube okhethekileyo weelwimi. Ukuguqulela ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kuchitha ixesha, ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekuguquleleni amaxwebhu abhaliweyo okanye amaphepha ewebhu. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Isihindi zobungcali zifunwa kakhulu, zivumela amashishini kunye nabantu ukuba baguqule ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo amaxwebhu kunye neetekisi Zibe Sisihindi.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli Wesihindi, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe umntu oqonda izinto zolwimi, kunye neelwimi zayo ezahlukeneyo. Abaguquleli abanamava baya kuluqonda ngokunzulu ulwimi negrama yalo, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni iinguqulelo ezichanileyo. Baya kuqhelana nesigama esisetyenziswe kumashishini athile kunye neemeko, ukwenzela ukuba isicatshulwa singalahlekelwa nayiphi na intsingiselo yaso yokuqala kwinkqubo yokuguqulela. Ukongeza, umguquleli olungileyo wesihindi uya kuba nolwazi malunga nemigaqo yenkcubeko enxulumene nolwimi kwaye aqinisekise ukuba naziphi na izinto eziguqulelweyo ziyazithathela ingqalelo ezi zinto.

Inguqulelo yesihindi sisakhono esikhethekileyo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqesha abaguquleli abanamava, abaqeqeshiweyo. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi ezinokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zesihindi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuvavanya ezi nkampani ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho. Iinguqulelo ezingcono ziya kubamba umoya wolwimi, kunokuba zibonelele ngenguqulelo yokoqobo yamagama.

Inguqulelo yesihindi sisixhobo esixabisekileyo sokuvala umsantsa wonxibelelwano phakathi kwesihindi nesingesi. Ngoncedo lwabaguquleli abaziingcali, amashishini anokunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo nabathengi bawo beelwimi ezimbini, ngelixa abantu banokunxibelelana nosapho kunye nabahlobo ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isihindi?

Isihindi sithethwa ikakhulu Eindiya Nasenepal, kodwa ikwathethwa nakwamanye amazwe kubandakanya Ibangladesh, Iguyana, Imauritius, Ipakistan, Itrinidad Netobago, Isuriname, Iuganda, Iunited Arab Emirates, Iunited Kingdom, Iunited States, Kunye Neyemen.

Yintoni i-hindi language history?

Ulwimi Lwesihindi luneengcambu zalo kulwimi Lwesisanskrit Lwakudala Lwaseindiya olwavela ngexesha Levedic (malunga ne – 1500-500 BCE). Isihindi yinxalenye Ye-Indo-Aryan okanye usapho lolwimi Lwaseindiya, kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseindiya.
Ngenkulungwane ye-14 impembelelo yamapersi yayibalulekile kwiindawo ezisemantla Eindiya kwaye yabangela ukuphuhliswa kolwimi Lwekhariboli, ukhokho wamahindu anamhlanje. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, Ubukhosi Basemughal basasaza impembelelo yabo Kulo Lonke Elaseindiya kwaye oku kwaphumela ekusasazeni ulwimi Lwesiurdu, olusuka kwisiarabhu nasepersia oluxubene nolwimi lwekhariboli lomthonyama. Olu lwimi luxubeneyo lwalusetyenziselwa injongo yoncwadi nolawulo kwaye lwaziwa ngokuba Yihindustani ethathwa njengengaphambili kuzo Zombini Iurdu Nesihindi.
I-British Raj yaba negalelo kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo Lwamahindu. Imibhalo Yamahindu yaguqulelwa kwiskripthi Sedevanagari, iskripthi esisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje. Ngexesha lolawulo lwabo, Amabritane akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwesingesi abantu abaninzi bamkela isingesi njengolwimi lwabo oluthandayo. Nangona kunjalo izikolo ezifundiswe kwi-devanagari script, zikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa Kwesihindi.
Ngowe-1949, kwaqatshelwa iindidi ezimbini ezahlukahlukeneyo zesihindustani: Isihindi, esibhalwe kwiskripthi Sedevanagari Nesiurdu, esibhalwe kwiskripthi sesipersi nesiarabhu. Isihindi sele sithandwa kakhulu Kwaye ngoku lolona lwimi luthethwayo Eindiya.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesihindi?

1. U-Amir Khusro: imbongi enkulu Yesufi kunye nomculi, owabhala ngesipersi, isiarabhu nesihindi, udunyiswa ngokudala isimbo esahlukileyo somculo We-indian classical owaziwa ngokuba yiqawwali. Ukwathweswe icala lokuduma kokusetshenziswa kolimi lwesihindustani oluhlanganisa izakhamuzi namapersi.
2. U-Subhadra Kumari Chauhan: udla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "nightingale Yaseindiya" ngenxa yombongo wakhe odumileyo "Ujhani ki Rani" osebenza njengokhuthazo kumfazi waseindiya wanamhlanje.
3. Uhazari Prasad Dwivedi: wayengumlobi obalaseleyo, umphengululi kunye nomgxeki obhala ngokubanzi malunga neencwadi Zesihindi. Usolwa ngokuduma kwezinhlelo zoncwadi i - 'chhayawadi'ezifuna ukuphuhlisa isitayela soncwadi Samahindu.
4. Umahadevi Vera: imbongi eyaziwayo, wayengomnye woovulindlela bechhayawadi. Wayesaziwa ngemibongo yakhe yobufazi kwaye imibhalo yakhe yayiluhlobo lokuqhankqalaza ngokuchasene nemilinganiselo yobuothodoki.
5. I-Premchand: uthathwa njengoyena mbhali ubalaseleyo Waseindiya Kunye nombhali wamabali amafutshane. Iinoveli zakhe zinika ukuqonda ngobomi kwi-Indian-independence, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe isafundwa ngokubanzi kwaye iyanconywa.

Yintoni i-hindu language structure?

Isakhiwo solwimi Lwesihindi sisekelwe kwi-SOV (umxholo-isenzi-isenzi) umyalelo. Ikwasebenzisa iskripthi Sedevanagari ekubhaleni. Isihindi lulwimi oluxinzelelekileyo olune-morphology etyebileyo equka izimamva, izimaphambili kunye nokudibanisa. Kukwakho nokudityaniswa okusekwe kwisini kunye nenani.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesihindi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Bukela Ama-movie Ama-Hindi nge-subtitles Ukubukela iimovie Zesihindi yindlela entle yokuziqhelanisa nolwimi nenkcubeko, kunye nokufunda amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana. Fumana ifilimu enomdla kuwe, ubeke izihloko kwaye uqale ukufunda.
2. Mamela iipodcasts kunye nonomathotholo. Ukumamela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi. Mamela iipodcasts, iinkqubo zikanomathotholo Zaseindiya, kunye nomculo ukuze uziqhelanise nezandi Zesihindi.
3. Practice ukubhala. Ukubhala yindlela entle yokuziqhelanisa negrama kunye nopelo lwakho. Qiniseka ukuba ubhala kuzo zombini iskripthi Se-Devanagari kunye neskripthi sesilatini.
4. Thatha iklasi okanye usebenzise isifundo esikwi-intanethi. Ukuthatha iklasi okanye ukusebenzisa isifundo se-intanethi kunokukunceda ufumane intshayelelo kwiziseko zegrama Yesihindi kunye nesigama.
5. Sebenzisa usetyenziso lweselfowuni okanye umdlalo. Kukho ezininzi mobile apps kwaye imidlalo ezikhoyo ukuba uza kukunceda ukufunda Isihindi ngendlela fun kwaye interactive indlela.
6. Gxininisa kwingxoxo. Nje ukuba uqonde iziseko ezisisiseko, eyona ndlela yokuphucula Isihindi sakho kukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha. Fumana iqabane lolwimi, thetha nabantu bendawo xa undwendwela I-India, okanye ujoyine uluntu oluthetha Isihindi kwi-intanethi.

Imongolia lilizwe Elikumbindi Asia kwaye lizele ziinkulungwane zenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko. Ngolwimi olwahlukileyo olwaziwa ngokuba sisimongolia, kunokuba nzima ngabantu ukuluqonda nokunxibelelana nezithethi zomthonyama. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kwemfuno yeenkonzo zokuguqulela zasemongolia kwenza kube lula kwiinkampani zamanye amazwe kunye nemibutho ukunxibelelana nabahlali.

Isimongolia lulwimi Lwealtaic oluthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-5 Emongolia Nasechina, kunye namanye amazwe afana Nerussia, North Korea nasekazakhstan. Kubhaliwe kusetyenziswa ialfabhethi Yesicyrillic kwaye ineziyelelane zayo ezizodwa kunye nezivakalisi.

Xa kufikwa ekuguquleleni isimongolia, umceli mngeni kukuba ulwimi alunayo inkqubo yokubhala emiselweyo, esemgangathweni. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kubaqeqeshi beelwimi ukutolika ngokuchanekileyo nokuguqulela amaxwebhu kunye nokurekhodwa komsindo. Ukongeza, isimongolia izele ziinuances, utshintsho kubizo, kunye nokwahluka kolwimi okunokuba nzima ukulubamba ngaphandle kokuhlala nokusebenza ngolwimi.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iinguqulelo zokugqibela zichanile, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesimongolia zisebenzisa iingcali zeelwimi zomthonyama ezinamava eziqheleneyo neelwimi ezithile zolo lwimi yaye ziye zachitha ixesha zibhaptiziwe kwinkcubeko. Basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutolika umthombo, kubandakanya ukuphanda imeko yendawo kunye nokuseka intsingiselo yamagama kunye namabinzana kulwimi ekujoliswe kulo.

Iingcali zeelwimi eziqeqeshiweyo kufuneka ziqwalasele izithethe zenkcubeko kunye namasiko asekuhlaleni xa ziguqulela isimongolia, njengoko zinokuchaphazela intsingiselo ebanzi yesicatshulwa okanye isitatimende. Umzekelo, izihloko ezibekekileyo, iifom zedilesi kunye ne-etiquette zinokutshintsha ukusuka kwingingqi ukuya kwingingqi, ke ukuqonda ifom yendawo kubalulekile ukuze udlulise umyalezo ochanekileyo.

Isishwankathelo, inguqulelo yasemongolia ibonelela ngemiceli mngeni eyahlukeneyo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkqubo yokubhala esemgangathweni kunye neelwimi zayo ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokugxininisa. Abaguquleli abaziingcali bayaziqonda ezi ngxaki kwaye basebenzise ulwazi lwabo kunye namava abo ukuvelisa iinguqulelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezibamba intsingiselo yenkcubeko kunye namasiko asekuhlaleni. Oku kuvumela amashishini, imibutho kunye nabantu ukuba banxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo kwaye basebenzisane kuyo yonke imiqobo yolwimi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasemongolia?

Isimongolia sithethwa ikakhulu Emongolia kodwa kukho ezinye izithethi Etshayina, Erashiya, Ekazakhstan nakwezinye iindawo Zase-Asia Ephakathi.

Liliphi igama lolwimi lwasemongolia?

Ulwimi lwesimongolia lolunye lweelwimi ezindala emhlabeni, kulandelwa iingcambu zayo ukuya kwinkulungwane ye-13. Ulwimi Lwesialtaic kunye nenxalenye yeqela lesimongolia-Manchu losapho Lweelwimi Zaseturkey, kwaye inxulumene Ne-Uyghur, kyrgyz kunye neelwimi zasekazakh.
Irekhodi yokuqala ebhaliweyo yolwimi lwesimongolia ifumaneka kwi-12th century Secret History Of The Mongols, eyabhalwa ngolwimi oludala lwasemongolia. Olu lwimi lwasetyenziswa ngabalawuli Bobukhosi basemongolia kwaye yayilolona lwimi luphambili loncwadi Lwasemongolia kude kube yinkulungwane ye-18 xa ngokuthe ngcembe yaguqukela kwiskripthi sasemongolia. Yaqhubeka isetyenziswa ekubhaleni uncwadi de kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.
Ulwimi lwangoku lwesimongolia lwavela kwifom yangaphambili ngekhulu le-19 kwaye lwamkelwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwasemongolia ngo-1924. Yaqala ngothotho lweenguqulelo kunye nokucocwa kolwimi ukusukela ngee-1930, apho amagama amaninzi amatsha avela kwisirashiya, Isitshayina nesingesi aqaliswa.
Namhlanje, isimongolia esiqhelekileyo sisathethwa ngabanye Emongolia kodwa uninzi lwabantu kweli lizwe basebenzisa ulwimi lwangoku lwesimongolia. Ulwimi lwesimongolia lukwathethwa kwiindawo Zaserashiya, Etshayina nasemongolia.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesimongolia?

1. Unatalia Gaerlan-unjingalwazi weelwimi zasemongolia Kwiyunivesithi Yaseharvard 2. Ugombojav Ochirbat - Owayesakuba Yinkulumbuso Yasemongolia kunye nengcali edume kwihlabathi liphela ngolwimi lwasemongolia 3. Undarmaa Jamsran-unjingalwazi wolwimi lwesimongolia kunye noncwadi 4. I – Bolormaa Tumurbaatar-i-theorist evelele kwi-modern mongolian syntax kunye nefonology 5. Bodo Weber-unjingalwazi wenzululwazi yekhompyutha nomdali wezixhobo zekhompyutha zolwimi lwesimongolia

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwasemongolia?

Mongolian lilungu usapho ulwimi Mongolian kwaye agglutinative kwi isakhiwo. Lulwimi olwahlukileyo apho imigaqo ephambili yokwakheka kwamagama kukongezwa kwezihlanganisi kwingcambu, ukunciphisa ingcambu okanye amagama apheleleyo, kunye nokusuka kumagama asele ekhona. I-Mongolian ine-order-object-verb word order, kunye nezithuba ezisetyenziselwa ukuphawula imisebenzi yegrama njengetyala.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasemongolia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda izandi ezisisiseko zolwimi kunye nendlela yokubiza ngokuchanekileyo amagama. Fumana incwadi elungileyo yokubiza isimongolia kwaye uchithe ixesha uyifunda.
2. Fumana amagama ahamba kunye mongolia. Fumana incwadi kwigrama yasemongolia kwaye ufunde imigaqo.
3. Practice in isingapore. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi ezifana neencwadi, iinkqubo zomsindo kunye nabahlohli bolwimi abakwi-intanethi ukuziqhelanisa nokuphucula izakhono zakho zokuthetha.
4. Funda isigama. Fumana isichazi-magama esihle kwaye wongeze amagama amatsha kwisigama sakho yonke imihla. Ungalibali ukuziqhelanisa nokuzisebenzisa kwincoko.
5. Funda kwaye umamele i-Mongolian. Funda iincwadi, ubukele iimuvi, uze umamele iipodcasts ngesimongolia. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqhelane ngakumbi nolwimi kwaye wandise isigama sakho.
6. Fumana umhlohli. Ukusebenza nesithethi somthonyama kunokuba luncedo ngokwenene ekufundeni ulwimi lwasemzini. Zama ukufumana umhlohli onamava onokukunika ingqalelo eyenzelwe wena kwaye akuncede uqhubele phambili inkqubela yakho.