Isihindi Uzbek (Isicyrillic) Guqulela

Isihindi lulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingama-500 Eindiya nakumazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseindiya, kunye nesingesi kunye nezinye iilwimi zommandla. Inguqulelo yesihindi iye yabaluleka ngakumbi kule minyaka idlulileyo njengoko isidingo sonxibelelwano phakathi kwesihindi nesingesi sikhula.

Ulwimi Lwesihindi luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye lunoluhlu lweelwimi. Olu lwimi luquka amagama ahlukahlukeneyo avela kwisisanskrit, Isiurdu, kunye nemithombo yasepersi, ukudala umxube okhethekileyo weelwimi. Ukuguqulela ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kuchitha ixesha, ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekuguquleleni amaxwebhu abhaliweyo okanye amaphepha ewebhu. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Isihindi zobungcali zifunwa kakhulu, zivumela amashishini kunye nabantu ukuba baguqule ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo amaxwebhu kunye neetekisi Zibe Sisihindi.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli Wesihindi, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe umntu oqonda izinto zolwimi, kunye neelwimi zayo ezahlukeneyo. Abaguquleli abanamava baya kuluqonda ngokunzulu ulwimi negrama yalo, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni iinguqulelo ezichanileyo. Baya kuqhelana nesigama esisetyenziswe kumashishini athile kunye neemeko, ukwenzela ukuba isicatshulwa singalahlekelwa nayiphi na intsingiselo yaso yokuqala kwinkqubo yokuguqulela. Ukongeza, umguquleli olungileyo wesihindi uya kuba nolwazi malunga nemigaqo yenkcubeko enxulumene nolwimi kwaye aqinisekise ukuba naziphi na izinto eziguqulelweyo ziyazithathela ingqalelo ezi zinto.

Inguqulelo yesihindi sisakhono esikhethekileyo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqesha abaguquleli abanamava, abaqeqeshiweyo. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi ezinokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zesihindi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuvavanya ezi nkampani ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho. Iinguqulelo ezingcono ziya kubamba umoya wolwimi, kunokuba zibonelele ngenguqulelo yokoqobo yamagama.

Inguqulelo yesihindi sisixhobo esixabisekileyo sokuvala umsantsa wonxibelelwano phakathi kwesihindi nesingesi. Ngoncedo lwabaguquleli abaziingcali, amashishini anokunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo nabathengi bawo beelwimi ezimbini, ngelixa abantu banokunxibelelana nosapho kunye nabahlobo ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isihindi?

Isihindi sithethwa ikakhulu Eindiya Nasenepal, kodwa ikwathethwa nakwamanye amazwe kubandakanya Ibangladesh, Iguyana, Imauritius, Ipakistan, Itrinidad Netobago, Isuriname, Iuganda, Iunited Arab Emirates, Iunited Kingdom, Iunited States, Kunye Neyemen.

Yintoni i-hindi language history?

Ulwimi Lwesihindi luneengcambu zalo kulwimi Lwesisanskrit Lwakudala Lwaseindiya olwavela ngexesha Levedic (malunga ne – 1500-500 BCE). Isihindi yinxalenye Ye-Indo-Aryan okanye usapho lolwimi Lwaseindiya, kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseindiya.
Ngenkulungwane ye-14 impembelelo yamapersi yayibalulekile kwiindawo ezisemantla Eindiya kwaye yabangela ukuphuhliswa kolwimi Lwekhariboli, ukhokho wamahindu anamhlanje. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, Ubukhosi Basemughal basasaza impembelelo yabo Kulo Lonke Elaseindiya kwaye oku kwaphumela ekusasazeni ulwimi Lwesiurdu, olusuka kwisiarabhu nasepersia oluxubene nolwimi lwekhariboli lomthonyama. Olu lwimi luxubeneyo lwalusetyenziselwa injongo yoncwadi nolawulo kwaye lwaziwa ngokuba Yihindustani ethathwa njengengaphambili kuzo Zombini Iurdu Nesihindi.
I-British Raj yaba negalelo kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo Lwamahindu. Imibhalo Yamahindu yaguqulelwa kwiskripthi Sedevanagari, iskripthi esisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje. Ngexesha lolawulo lwabo, Amabritane akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwesingesi abantu abaninzi bamkela isingesi njengolwimi lwabo oluthandayo. Nangona kunjalo izikolo ezifundiswe kwi-devanagari script, zikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa Kwesihindi.
Ngowe-1949, kwaqatshelwa iindidi ezimbini ezahlukahlukeneyo zesihindustani: Isihindi, esibhalwe kwiskripthi Sedevanagari Nesiurdu, esibhalwe kwiskripthi sesipersi nesiarabhu. Isihindi sele sithandwa kakhulu Kwaye ngoku lolona lwimi luthethwayo Eindiya.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesihindi?

1. U-Amir Khusro: imbongi enkulu Yesufi kunye nomculi, owabhala ngesipersi, isiarabhu nesihindi, udunyiswa ngokudala isimbo esahlukileyo somculo We-indian classical owaziwa ngokuba yiqawwali. Ukwathweswe icala lokuduma kokusetshenziswa kolimi lwesihindustani oluhlanganisa izakhamuzi namapersi.
2. U-Subhadra Kumari Chauhan: udla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "nightingale Yaseindiya" ngenxa yombongo wakhe odumileyo "Ujhani ki Rani" osebenza njengokhuthazo kumfazi waseindiya wanamhlanje.
3. Uhazari Prasad Dwivedi: wayengumlobi obalaseleyo, umphengululi kunye nomgxeki obhala ngokubanzi malunga neencwadi Zesihindi. Usolwa ngokuduma kwezinhlelo zoncwadi i - 'chhayawadi'ezifuna ukuphuhlisa isitayela soncwadi Samahindu.
4. Umahadevi Vera: imbongi eyaziwayo, wayengomnye woovulindlela bechhayawadi. Wayesaziwa ngemibongo yakhe yobufazi kwaye imibhalo yakhe yayiluhlobo lokuqhankqalaza ngokuchasene nemilinganiselo yobuothodoki.
5. I-Premchand: uthathwa njengoyena mbhali ubalaseleyo Waseindiya Kunye nombhali wamabali amafutshane. Iinoveli zakhe zinika ukuqonda ngobomi kwi-Indian-independence, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe isafundwa ngokubanzi kwaye iyanconywa.

Yintoni i-hindu language structure?

Isakhiwo solwimi Lwesihindi sisekelwe kwi-SOV (umxholo-isenzi-isenzi) umyalelo. Ikwasebenzisa iskripthi Sedevanagari ekubhaleni. Isihindi lulwimi oluxinzelelekileyo olune-morphology etyebileyo equka izimamva, izimaphambili kunye nokudibanisa. Kukwakho nokudityaniswa okusekwe kwisini kunye nenani.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesihindi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Bukela Ama-movie Ama-Hindi nge-subtitles Ukubukela iimovie Zesihindi yindlela entle yokuziqhelanisa nolwimi nenkcubeko, kunye nokufunda amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana. Fumana ifilimu enomdla kuwe, ubeke izihloko kwaye uqale ukufunda.
2. Mamela iipodcasts kunye nonomathotholo. Ukumamela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi. Mamela iipodcasts, iinkqubo zikanomathotholo Zaseindiya, kunye nomculo ukuze uziqhelanise nezandi Zesihindi.
3. Practice ukubhala. Ukubhala yindlela entle yokuziqhelanisa negrama kunye nopelo lwakho. Qiniseka ukuba ubhala kuzo zombini iskripthi Se-Devanagari kunye neskripthi sesilatini.
4. Thatha iklasi okanye usebenzise isifundo esikwi-intanethi. Ukuthatha iklasi okanye ukusebenzisa isifundo se-intanethi kunokukunceda ufumane intshayelelo kwiziseko zegrama Yesihindi kunye nesigama.
5. Sebenzisa usetyenziso lweselfowuni okanye umdlalo. Kukho ezininzi mobile apps kwaye imidlalo ezikhoyo ukuba uza kukunceda ukufunda Isihindi ngendlela fun kwaye interactive indlela.
6. Gxininisa kwingxoxo. Nje ukuba uqonde iziseko ezisisiseko, eyona ndlela yokuphucula Isihindi sakho kukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha. Fumana iqabane lolwimi, thetha nabantu bendawo xa undwendwela I-India, okanye ujoyine uluntu oluthetha Isihindi kwi-intanethi.

I-Uzbek lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaseburhulumenteni E-Uzbekistan kwaye lithetha ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-25. Ulwimi Lwaseturkey, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu isebenzisa ialfabhethi yesicyrillic, endaweni yesilatini.

Ukuguqulela ukusuka kwisispanish ukuya kwezinye iilwimi kunokuba yinkohliso kuba igrama kunye nesivakalisi sesiuzbek zahluke kakhulu kwezo zisetyenziswa ngesingesi, ispanish kunye nezinye iilwimi Zaseyurophu. Abaguquleli kufuneka basebenzise isigama esikhethekileyo kwaye banikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiintsingiselo ezithile zamagama kunye namabinzana kwimeko yenkcubeko yaseuzbek.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-alfabhethi Yesicyrillic iqulethwe ngabalinganiswa abaninzi, ezinye zazo zibizwa ngokwahlukileyo kwi-Uzbek xa kuthelekiswa nendlela ezibizwa ngayo ngesirashiya. Ngokomzekelo, incwadi Yesicyrillic Ethi" Y "ibizwa ngokuthi" o "ngesiuzbek, ngoxa ngesirashiya ibizwa ngokuthi" oo.""Le ngongoma ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba uyikhumbule xa uguqulela ukusuka kwisingesi ukuya kwisingesi, kuba ukubizwa kakubi kwamagama kunokukhokelela ekungaqondani okukhulu.

Olunye ucelomngeni lokuguqulela ukusuka kwisingesi ukuya kwisingesi kunokuba sisakhiwo kunye nesitayile solwimi. I-Uzbek ihlala ilandela ulwakhiwo lwesivakalisi olwahlukileyo kwisingesi, ke umguquleli kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba udlulisa ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yomyalezo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kakhulu kuguqulelo lokoqobo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngenxa yokungafani kwenkcubeko phakathi Kwe-Uzbekistan nakwamanye amazwe, amanye amagama kunye namabinzana angenakulingana ngesingesi. Ngesi sizathu, umguquleli kufuneka abe nokuqonda okunzulu kwenkcubeko yaseuzbek, kunye nolwazi lweelwimi zalo zengingqi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba uguqulelo luhambisa intsingiselo ngqo yomyalezo wokuqala.

Isishwankathelo, inguqulelo yesiuzbek ngumsebenzi onzima ofuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo, izakhono kunye nengqwalaselo enkulu kwiinkcukacha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka. Ngendlela efanelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uvelise uguqulelo oluchanekileyo noluchanekileyo olubonisa ngokuchanekileyo umyalezo wombhalo womthombo.

Ziziphi Iilwimi zesiuzbek (Isicyrillic)?

I-Uzbek (Isicyrillic) ithethwa ikakhulu E-Uzbekistan Nasetajikistan, kwaye inezithethi ezincinci E-Afghanistan, Ekyrgyzstan Nasekazakhstan.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesiuzbek( Isicyrillic)?

I-Uzbek (Isicyrillic) lulwimi Lwaseturkey oluthethwa Ikakhulu E-Uzbekistan nakwicentral Asia. Ulwimi Olusemthethweni Lwaseuzbekistan kwaye lukwathethwa zezinye iintlanga ezincinci kulo mmandla. Ulwimi luneengcambu zalo kwinkulungwane ye-8 kunye nolwimi Lwaseturkey oluthethwa Yikarluks Kunye Ne-Usuns, kunye namanye amaqela ezizwe. Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-9, Ulwimi Lwesogdian lwaphakama lwaphakama kuloo mmandla ngaphambi kokuba ubukhulu becala luthatyathelw ' indawo lulwimi Lwaseturkey kwiinkulungwane eziliqela kamva.
Ngenkulungwane ye-14, ibinzana Elithi Uzbegistan lalisetyenziswa okokuqala ukubhekisela koko ngoko yayiliqela lezizwe ezingoonothwal ' impahlana zaseturkey. Ibinzana elithi 'Uzbek' nelithi 'Uzbeg' ngelo xesha lalisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ezi zizwe nolwimi oluthethwa ngazo. Olu lwimi lwaphuhliswa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane kwaye ekugqibeleni lwavela njengolwimi lwangoku lwesiuzbek esilwaziyo namhlanje.
Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16 ukusa kweye-19, isipersi sasilolona lwimi lubalaseleyo lokubhala kulo mmandla. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-alfabhethi yesilatini yaziswa kunye neskripthi Sesiarabhu, esinegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi lwesiuzbek lwangoku. Xa I-Soviet Union yayilawula I-Asia Ephakathi, isicyrillic yathatha indawo yesilatini njengesikripthi esisemthethweni kwaye ihlala iyinqaku eliphambili le-Uzbek namhlanje.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiuzbek( Lwesicyrillic)?

1. Unarimon Umarov-Umbhali, Umphengululi, Kunye Nesoviet Linguist 2. Muhammad Salih-Uzbek Umbhali Kunye Nembongi 3. Abdulla Qurbonov-Umlawuli Wemidlalo Yeqonga kunye Nomlawuli Weqonga 4. Abdulla Aripov-Imbongi Kunye Nombhali Weprose 5. Mirzakhid Rakhimov - Umbhali Kunye Nomfanekiso Wezopolitiko

Uluphi ulwimi lwesiuzbek (Isicyrillic)?

Ulwimi lwesiuzbek lubhalwa ikakhulu Ngesicyrillic kwaye lolwaseturkey. Yinzala ngqo Yasechagatai, ulwimi Lweturkey lwamaxesha aphakathi olwasetyenziswa Kumbindi Weasia Nakumbindi Mpuma. Ulwimi lunezikhamiso ezisibhozo kunye namaqabane angama-29, kunye neediphthong ezahlukeneyo. Lulwimi oluguqukayo, apho amagama angatshatanga anokuqulatha izifinyezo ezininzi ezitshintsha intsingiselo kakhulu. Umyalelo wegama udla ngokuba ngumxholo-isenzi-isenzi, kwaye izivakalisi ziphawulwe ngamasuntswana. Kukwakho nenkqubo yokuhlonipha esetyenziswa xa kuthethwa nabantu abakwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesiuzbek (Isicyrillic) ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko. Funda ialfabhethi, njengoko oku kubalulekile kulo naluphi na ulwimi lokufunda. Hlola ezinye iindawo Onokukhetha kuzo e-Uzbek Isicyrillic ukukunceda ukhumbule bonke abalinganiswa.
2. Funda igrama. Thatha ikhosi ekwi-intanethi okanye ujonge imigaqo eyahlukeneyo yegrama kwaye ufunde eyona ixhaphakileyo nebalulekileyo.
3. Sebenza kwizakhono zakho zokubiza kunye nokuphulaphula. Mamela iipodcasts kunye nezinye iiklip ezivakalayo ukuze uziqhelanise nokuqonda ummi waseuzbek ongumcyrillic. Phinda igama ngalinye ngokuvakalayo ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okungcono indlela yokubiza.
4. Ziqhelanise nezithethi zomthonyama. Zama ukufumana i-Uzbek-ukuthetha umhlobo okanye practice kwi-ulwimi-learning apps njenge HelloTalk Kwaye Italki, apho ikuvumela ukuba incoko kunye native speakers.
5. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana yonke imihla. Gcina incwadi yamanqaku okanye usebenzise ii-apps zokufunda ulwimi ezinje Ngeduolingo kunye Nememrise yokufunda isigama esonwabisayo, esisebenzisanayo.
6. Sebenzisa ezinye izibonelelo. Sebenzisa iincwadi kunye neewebhusayithi ukukunceda uqonde ngcono ulwimi Lwesicyrillic kunye nenkcubeko, njenge-BBC Uzbek Kunye Ne-Uzbek Portal Yolwimi.