Isihindi Amahebhere Guqulela

Isihindi lulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ezingama-500 Eindiya nakumazwe amaninzi ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseindiya, kunye nesingesi kunye nezinye iilwimi zommandla. Inguqulelo yesihindi iye yabaluleka ngakumbi kule minyaka idlulileyo njengoko isidingo sonxibelelwano phakathi kwesihindi nesingesi sikhula.

Ulwimi Lwesihindi luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye lunoluhlu lweelwimi. Olu lwimi luquka amagama ahlukahlukeneyo avela kwisisanskrit, Isiurdu, kunye nemithombo yasepersi, ukudala umxube okhethekileyo weelwimi. Ukuguqulela ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kuchitha ixesha, ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekuguquleleni amaxwebhu abhaliweyo okanye amaphepha ewebhu. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Isihindi zobungcali zifunwa kakhulu, zivumela amashishini kunye nabantu ukuba baguqule ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo amaxwebhu kunye neetekisi Zibe Sisihindi.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli Wesihindi, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe umntu oqonda izinto zolwimi, kunye neelwimi zayo ezahlukeneyo. Abaguquleli abanamava baya kuluqonda ngokunzulu ulwimi negrama yalo, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni iinguqulelo ezichanileyo. Baya kuqhelana nesigama esisetyenziswe kumashishini athile kunye neemeko, ukwenzela ukuba isicatshulwa singalahlekelwa nayiphi na intsingiselo yaso yokuqala kwinkqubo yokuguqulela. Ukongeza, umguquleli olungileyo wesihindi uya kuba nolwazi malunga nemigaqo yenkcubeko enxulumene nolwimi kwaye aqinisekise ukuba naziphi na izinto eziguqulelweyo ziyazithathela ingqalelo ezi zinto.

Inguqulelo yesihindi sisakhono esikhethekileyo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqesha abaguquleli abanamava, abaqeqeshiweyo. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkonzo zokuguqulela kwi-intanethi ezinokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zesihindi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuvavanya ezi nkampani ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho. Iinguqulelo ezingcono ziya kubamba umoya wolwimi, kunokuba zibonelele ngenguqulelo yokoqobo yamagama.

Inguqulelo yesihindi sisixhobo esixabisekileyo sokuvala umsantsa wonxibelelwano phakathi kwesihindi nesingesi. Ngoncedo lwabaguquleli abaziingcali, amashishini anokunxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo nabathengi bawo beelwimi ezimbini, ngelixa abantu banokunxibelelana nosapho kunye nabahlobo ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Isihindi?

Isihindi sithethwa ikakhulu Eindiya Nasenepal, kodwa ikwathethwa nakwamanye amazwe kubandakanya Ibangladesh, Iguyana, Imauritius, Ipakistan, Itrinidad Netobago, Isuriname, Iuganda, Iunited Arab Emirates, Iunited Kingdom, Iunited States, Kunye Neyemen.

Yintoni i-hindi language history?

Ulwimi Lwesihindi luneengcambu zalo kulwimi Lwesisanskrit Lwakudala Lwaseindiya olwavela ngexesha Levedic (malunga ne – 1500-500 BCE). Isihindi yinxalenye Ye-Indo-Aryan okanye usapho lolwimi Lwaseindiya, kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseindiya.
Ngenkulungwane ye-14 impembelelo yamapersi yayibalulekile kwiindawo ezisemantla Eindiya kwaye yabangela ukuphuhliswa kolwimi Lwekhariboli, ukhokho wamahindu anamhlanje. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, Ubukhosi Basemughal basasaza impembelelo yabo Kulo Lonke Elaseindiya kwaye oku kwaphumela ekusasazeni ulwimi Lwesiurdu, olusuka kwisiarabhu nasepersia oluxubene nolwimi lwekhariboli lomthonyama. Olu lwimi luxubeneyo lwalusetyenziselwa injongo yoncwadi nolawulo kwaye lwaziwa ngokuba Yihindustani ethathwa njengengaphambili kuzo Zombini Iurdu Nesihindi.
I-British Raj yaba negalelo kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo Lwamahindu. Imibhalo Yamahindu yaguqulelwa kwiskripthi Sedevanagari, iskripthi esisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje. Ngexesha lolawulo lwabo, Amabritane akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwesingesi abantu abaninzi bamkela isingesi njengolwimi lwabo oluthandayo. Nangona kunjalo izikolo ezifundiswe kwi-devanagari script, zikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa Kwesihindi.
Ngowe-1949, kwaqatshelwa iindidi ezimbini ezahlukahlukeneyo zesihindustani: Isihindi, esibhalwe kwiskripthi Sedevanagari Nesiurdu, esibhalwe kwiskripthi sesipersi nesiarabhu. Isihindi sele sithandwa kakhulu Kwaye ngoku lolona lwimi luthethwayo Eindiya.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesihindi?

1. U-Amir Khusro: imbongi enkulu Yesufi kunye nomculi, owabhala ngesipersi, isiarabhu nesihindi, udunyiswa ngokudala isimbo esahlukileyo somculo We-indian classical owaziwa ngokuba yiqawwali. Ukwathweswe icala lokuduma kokusetshenziswa kolimi lwesihindustani oluhlanganisa izakhamuzi namapersi.
2. U-Subhadra Kumari Chauhan: udla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "nightingale Yaseindiya" ngenxa yombongo wakhe odumileyo "Ujhani ki Rani" osebenza njengokhuthazo kumfazi waseindiya wanamhlanje.
3. Uhazari Prasad Dwivedi: wayengumlobi obalaseleyo, umphengululi kunye nomgxeki obhala ngokubanzi malunga neencwadi Zesihindi. Usolwa ngokuduma kwezinhlelo zoncwadi i - 'chhayawadi'ezifuna ukuphuhlisa isitayela soncwadi Samahindu.
4. Umahadevi Vera: imbongi eyaziwayo, wayengomnye woovulindlela bechhayawadi. Wayesaziwa ngemibongo yakhe yobufazi kwaye imibhalo yakhe yayiluhlobo lokuqhankqalaza ngokuchasene nemilinganiselo yobuothodoki.
5. I-Premchand: uthathwa njengoyena mbhali ubalaseleyo Waseindiya Kunye nombhali wamabali amafutshane. Iinoveli zakhe zinika ukuqonda ngobomi kwi-Indian-independence, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe isafundwa ngokubanzi kwaye iyanconywa.

Yintoni i-hindu language structure?

Isakhiwo solwimi Lwesihindi sisekelwe kwi-SOV (umxholo-isenzi-isenzi) umyalelo. Ikwasebenzisa iskripthi Sedevanagari ekubhaleni. Isihindi lulwimi oluxinzelelekileyo olune-morphology etyebileyo equka izimamva, izimaphambili kunye nokudibanisa. Kukwakho nokudityaniswa okusekwe kwisini kunye nenani.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesihindi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Bukela Ama-movie Ama-Hindi nge-subtitles Ukubukela iimovie Zesihindi yindlela entle yokuziqhelanisa nolwimi nenkcubeko, kunye nokufunda amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana. Fumana ifilimu enomdla kuwe, ubeke izihloko kwaye uqale ukufunda.
2. Mamela iipodcasts kunye nonomathotholo. Ukumamela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi. Mamela iipodcasts, iinkqubo zikanomathotholo Zaseindiya, kunye nomculo ukuze uziqhelanise nezandi Zesihindi.
3. Practice ukubhala. Ukubhala yindlela entle yokuziqhelanisa negrama kunye nopelo lwakho. Qiniseka ukuba ubhala kuzo zombini iskripthi Se-Devanagari kunye neskripthi sesilatini.
4. Thatha iklasi okanye usebenzise isifundo esikwi-intanethi. Ukuthatha iklasi okanye ukusebenzisa isifundo se-intanethi kunokukunceda ufumane intshayelelo kwiziseko zegrama Yesihindi kunye nesigama.
5. Sebenzisa usetyenziso lweselfowuni okanye umdlalo. Kukho ezininzi mobile apps kwaye imidlalo ezikhoyo ukuba uza kukunceda ukufunda Isihindi ngendlela fun kwaye interactive indlela.
6. Gxininisa kwingxoxo. Nje ukuba uqonde iziseko ezisisiseko, eyona ndlela yokuphucula Isihindi sakho kukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha. Fumana iqabane lolwimi, thetha nabantu bendawo xa undwendwela I-India, okanye ujoyine uluntu oluthetha Isihindi kwi-intanethi.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje Kuye Kwanda Imfuneko Yabaguquleli besihebhere

Imfuno yenguqulelo yesihebhere iya isanda, njengoko amashishini amaninzi ngakumbi efuna iinkonzo ukuvala umqobo wolwimi phakathi kwabo kunye nemibutho yamaqabane aphesheya kolwandle. Kwixesha elidluleyo, oku kwakupheleliselwe ekuguqulelweni kweendinyana zonqulo, kodwa ihlabathi lanamhlanje liye landa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwenkcubeko, olukhokelela kwimfuno engakumbi yabaguquleli besihebhere.

Njengolunye lweelwimi ezindala emhlabeni, isihebhere siyintsonkothile kwaye sibhetyebhetye kakhulu. Ikwayilwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lakwasirayeli, isenza ukuba kubaluleke ngakumbi kumashishini ehlabathi ukuba akwazi ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela zesihebhere ezinokuthenjwa. Ngezithethi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-9 kwihlabathi liphela, akukho kunqongophala kwabathengi abanokufuna uncedo lokuguqulela amaxwebhu abo, iiwebhusayithi, ii-apps, okanye ii-imeyile ukusuka okanye ukuya kwisihebhere.

Noko ke, ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kwayo, inguqulelo yesihebhere inokuba ngumsebenzi onzima. Umguquleli akafanele aphelele nje ngokutyibilikayo kulwimi lwakhe kuphela, kodwa umele azazi izinto ezifihlakeleyo neziyeleleneyo ezisetyenziswa ziinkcubeko nemimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, igrama yesihebhere yahluke kakhulu kwisingesi, ke umguquleli kufuneka aqhelane nazo zombini ukuze adlulisele ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yombhalo wantlandlolo.

Ngethamsanqa, abaguquleli besihebhere abanamava bafumaneka ehlabathini lonke. Nokuba ufuna umguquleli ozinikeleyo ukuba ancede kwiinkqubo zakho zeshishini zamanye amazwe, okanye umntu oza kukunceda ngenguqulelo yoxwebhu lwexesha elinye, unokufumana ingcali efanelekileyo enokukunceda.

Ukusuka kwezomthetho nezonyango ukusa kwezezimali nakwezamasiko, ubuchule bokuguqulela isihebhere bunokuvulela amathuba amaninzi anengeniso. Njengoko imfuno yeenkonzo zokuguqulela iqhubeka ikhula, ngokunjalo nemfuno yabaguquleli abasemgangathweni kule nkalo. Iingcali ezinamava ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kufumana umsebenzi omninzi, ngelixa abo batsha ekuguquleleni banokuzuza kwimfuno ekhulayo ngokwandisa ubuchule babo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isihebhere?

Isihebhere sithethwa Kwasirayeli, eunited States, Ekhanada, Efransi Naseargentina. Ukongeza, isetyenziselwa iinjongo zonqulo kwamanye amazwe amaninzi, kubandakanya I-United Kingdom, Ijamani, Isweden Nebulgaria.

Iyintoni imbali yesihebhere?

Ulwimi lwesihebhere lunembali yamandulo kunye nebali. Yenye yeelwimi ezindala emhlabeni kwaye iyinxalenye yesazisi kunye nenkcubeko Yamayuda. Kukholelwa ukuba uhlobo lokuqala lwesihebhere lwaphuhliswa kwindawo Yasepalestina ngekhulu le-12 BCE. Isihebhere sasilulwimi oluphambili Lwamasirayeli ebudeni bexesha Lokubhalwa Kwebhayibhile, yaye kamva saba lulwimi loncwadi Loorabhi nomthandazo.
Ngexesha lokuthinjwa Kwamabhabhiloni ukususela ngo-586-538 BCE, Amayuda amkela iimali-mboleko Ze-Akkadian. Emva kokuwa Kwetempile yesibini ngo-70 CE, isihebhere saqala ukuhla ngokukhawuleza ekusebenziseni kwansuku zonke, kwaye ulwimi oluthethwayo luye lwaguquka ngokuthe ngcembe kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo, Ezifana Nesiyuda Sasepalestina Aramaic Kunye Neyiddish. Ukusetyenziswa kwesihebhere kwavuselelwa ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngokuzalwa kwengcamango Yeziyon kunye nokusekwa Kwelizwe lakwasirayeli lanamhlanje ngo-1948. Namhlanje, isihebhere sithetha ngezigidi zabantu Kwasirayeli nakwihlabathi liphela.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesihebhere?

1. U-Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (1858-1922): Owaziwa ngokuba "Nguyise Wesihebhere samanje," Uben-Yehuda waba negalelo ekuvuseleleni ulwimi lwesihebhere, olwaluphelile njengolwimi oluthethwayo. Wadala isichazi-magama sokuqala sesihebhere, waqulunqa inkqubo yokupela kunye neencwadi ezininzi zokunceda ukusasaza ulwazi lolwimi.
2. Umoses Mendelssohn (1729-1786): Umyuda wasejamani ochazwa ngokwazisa isihebhere kunye nenkcubeko Yamayuda kubantu abathetha isijamani ngokubanzi. Ukuguqulelwa Kwakhe Kwetorah ukusuka kwisihebhere ukusa kwisijamani kwazisa le nguqulelo kubaphulaphuli abaninzi kwaza kwakhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwesihebhere Eyurophu.
3. U-Hayim Nachman Bialik (1873-1934): imbongi engumsirayeli kunye nomphengululi, Ubialik wayengumxhasi omkhulu wesihebhere kunye nokudala isithethe esityebileyo soncwadi lwesihebhere. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi yeklasikhi kulwimi kwaye wazisa amagama amatsha esihebhere kunye namabinzana aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa namhlanje.
4. Uezra Ben-Yehuda (1858-1922): Unyana Kaeliyezere, lo mbhali wolwimi nombhali wesichazi-magama wathabatha umsebenzi kayise waza waqhubeka nawo. Wadala ithesaurus yokuqala yesihebhere, wabhala ngokubanzi ngegrama yesihebhere, kwaye wabhala ngokubambisana iphephandaba lokuqala lesihebhere.
5. Uchaim Nachman Bialik (1873-1934): Umntakwabo Hayim, Uchaim naye waba negalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesihebhere. Wayengumhlalutyi woncwadi owaziwayo, egxeka uncwadi lwesihebhere yaye ephuhlisa ilayibrari yembekiselo yesihebhere. Kwakhona wayenoxanduva lokuguqulela imisebenzi yeklasikhi ukusuka kwiilwimi Zaseyurophu ukuya kwisihebhere.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwesihebhere?

Ulwimi lwesihebhere lulwimi Lwamasemitic kwaye lulandela inkqubo yokubhala ye-abjad. Kubhaliwe ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo, kusetyenziswa oonobumba besihebhere. Igama elisisiseko lesivakalisi sesihebhere sisenzi-isihloko-into. Izibizo, izichazi, izibhengezo, kunye nezihlomelo zichaphazeleka ngenxa yesini, inombolo, kunye/okanye ilifa. Izenzi zidibaniswa nomntu, inombolo, isini, uxinzelelo, imood kunye nomba.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesihebhere ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngealfabhethi. Zive ukhululekile ukufunda, ukubhala nokubhala iileta. 2. Funda iziseko zegrama yesihebhere. Qala ngokudibanisa izenzi kunye nokuhla kwesibizo. 3. Yakha isigama sakho. Funda amagama asisiseko afana neentsuku zeveki, iinyanga, amanani, amabinzana aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana. 4. Ziqhelise ukuthetha isihebhere nesithethi somthonyama. Ukuncokola yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda! 5. Funda iincwadi zesihebhere uze ubukele iividiyo zesihebhere ezinemibhalo engezantsi. 6. Mamela umculo wesihebhere kunye nokurekhodwa komsindo. 7. Sebenzisa izibonelelo zesihebhere ezikwi-intanethi. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi eziluncedo kunye neeapps zokufunda isihebhere. 8. Yenza isihebhere sibe yinxalenye yobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ukubandakanya ulwimi kwimihla ngemihla kuya kukunceda ukuba uluthathe ngokukhawuleza.