Isijamani I-telugu Guqulela

Ukuba ufuna indlela yokunxibelelana nabathengi bamanye amazwe, okanye ukuba ufuna uncedo ekuguquleleni uxwebhu olubalulekileyo ukusuka kwisijamani ukuya kwisingesi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela isijamani zinokunceda. Isijamani yindlela ebalulekileyo ulwimi Kwi-Yurophu, zombini kuba ushishino kwaye personal unxibelelwano. Kuthethwa zizigidi zabantu Ejamani, Eostriya, Eswitzerland Naseluxembourg, nakwezinye iindawo zasebelgium, Eitali, Efransi nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasejamani zifunwa kakhulu.

Xa kuziwa kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela zesijamani, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Okokuqala, kufuneka uthathe isigqibo malunga nenjongo yokuguqulela kwaye ukhethe umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela. Umzekelo, uxwebhu olusemthethweni luya kufuna uhlobo olwahlukileyo lokuguqulela kunephepha lasekhaya kwiwebhusayithi. Umguquleli oguqulelayo kufuneka abe nakho ukubonelela abaguquleli abanamava kuhlobo oluthile lokuguqulela olifunayo. Kukwabalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kokuguqulelwa kunye nokufumaneka kwendawo. Inguqulelo ibandakanya ukudlulisela ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yombhalo ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye, ngelixa ulwakhiwo lwasekhaya luthathela ingqalelo umahluko wengingqi kunye nenkcubeko onokuthi uhambelane noguqulelo.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli wasejamani, kubalulekile ukuba ukhangele umntu onamava okuguqulela amaxwebhu ukusuka kwisijamani ukuya kwisingesi. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule kufuneka zibandakanye ukuhlolwa okusisiseko kunye nokuhlelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxwebhu oluguqulelweyo luchanekile, lucacile, kwaye luhambelana nomthombo wokuqala. Xa ukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo yokuguqulela, kubalulekile ukujonga izingqinisiso kunye neziqinisekiso, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umguquleli uqhelene neelwimi zesijamani kunye ne-colloquialisms.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni amaxwebhu asejamani, kubalulekile ukuba unikele ingqalelo kuzo naziphi na iimfuno zokufomatha. Ukuba uxwebhu lubandakanya ukufomatha okukhethekileyo, njengetafile kunye noluhlu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zifomathiwe ngokufanelekileyo kwinguqulelo. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi luboniswa ngokucacileyo nangokusemthethweni kwinguqulelo eguqulelweyo.

Ngokuthatha ixesha lokukhetha iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasejamani, amashishini angaqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu abo aguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye aphephe iimpazamo ezibizayo. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo abanamava kwi-German-English translation banokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu aguqulelwe ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo, ekuncedeni ukuququzelela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo kunye nabathengi bamanye amazwe kunye namaqabane.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isijamani?

Isijamani lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasejamani, Iaustria, Iswitzerland, Iliechtenstein, Iluxembourg, Nomzantsi Tyrol Eitali. Ikwayilwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ebelgium (Kwingingqi Yeflemish), Kumantla Erhine-Westphalia, nakwezinye iindawo zasejamani. Isijamani sikwathethwa kwimimandla Yasempuma Yurophu, njengealsace Nelorraine Efransi, amaphondo athile Asepoland, Emzantsi Jutland Edenmark, Esilesia Kwiriphabliki yaseczech, neminye imimandla yomda Enetherlands Nasehungary. Ukongezelela, isijamani lulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abambalwa kwiindawo Ezithile Eitali, Eromania, Ekazakhstan Nasenamibia.

Yintoni imbali yesijamani?

Ulwimi lwasejamani luyinxalenye Yentsapho Ye-Indo-European kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezindala Eyurophu. Kukholelwa ukuba ivela Kwiproto-Germanic, ulwimi lwakudala oluthethwa ngabantu Basejamani Basenyakatho Yurophu. Ngenkulungwane yesi-2 AD, yayisele ikhule yaba ziilwimi ezahlukeneyo, ezaqhubeka nokuvela ukutyhubela iinkulungwane.
Ngenkulungwane ye-9, izizwe Zasejamani zazimanyene phantsi Kwecharlemagne kwaye ulwimi lwazo lwaqala ukubonakala njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokunxibelelana. Kwinkulungwane ye-11th, iintlobo ezimbini Endala High German kwavela njengolwimi oluphambili uncwadi, uncwadi, nenkcubeko; Eliphakathi Eliphezulu German kwimimandla ephezulu Irhine Kunye Upper Saxony, Kunye Upper German Ebavaria Naseostriya.
Ngenkulungwane ye-14, ukuveliswa kokushicilela nokunyuka komatshini wokushicilela kwanceda ekumiseleni umgangatho wolwimi kwaza kwakhokelela ekupapashweni kwemisebenzi efana "Nomthetho Kagrimm," owamisela imithetho yokubhala nokuthetha ulwimi.
Ngexesha lokuhlola nokukhanyisa, ukuphuhliswa kwesijamani sanamhlanje kwaqala ngokuqaliswa kwesigama esitsha kunye negrama elula. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, ulwimi lwesijamani lwahlanganiswa, kunye Nolwimi Oluphakathi Noluphezulu lwesijamani lube lulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe. Ulwimi luyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa kwaye luguquke namhlanje kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezithethwa kakhulu kwihlabathi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasejamani?

1. Umartin Luther (1483-1546): Umartin Luther wayenoxanduva lokudala isiseko solwimi lwangoku lwesijamani ngokuguqulela Ibhayibhile kwisijamani kunye nokuphuhlisa uhlobo olutsha lokubhala olusebenzisa iziyelelane ezimbini eziphambili zasejamani ngelo xesha: Ijamani Ephezulu Kunye Ne-Lower Saxon. Impembelelo yakhe isavakalelwa namhlanje kulwakhiwo kunye nopelo lolwimi lwasejamani.
2. Ujohann Wolfgang Von Goethe (1749-1832): Ugoethe wayeyimbongi edumileyo, umbhali wokudlala, kunye nomlobi wenoveli owayesebenza ukumanyanisa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zesijamani kulwimi olunye olumiselweyo. Waqulunqa amagama amaninzi asejamani afana ne" schadenfreude", "weltschmerz", kunye ne "landsknecht". Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imisebenzi yakhe isafundwa zizithethi zasejamani kwihlabathi liphela.
3. Uheinrich Himmler (1900-1945): Uhimmler wayeligosa Elinempembelelo Yamanazi elalinegalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasejamani. Wayedume ngokuqulunqa amagama amatsha kunye nokunika abantu abadala iintsingiselo ezintsha ukuqinisekisa ukuba zihambelana neengcamango Zamanazi, ngaloo ndlela ziqinisekisa ukuba ziya kuhlala ixesha elide nangemva kokuwa kolawulo.
4. U-Ulrich Ammon (1937-2006): U-Ammon wayengumlimi ofunda ukuphuhliswa kolwimi lwasejamani ngokuhamba kwexesha. Wabhala iincwadi zegrama kunye neencwadi zezifundo, wasungula umbutho Wedeutsche Sprache e. V, kwaye wakhonza njengomongameli Wombutho Wophando Lwezenzululwazi Kunye Namaxwebhu Olwimi lwasejamani ukusuka ngo-1982-2006.
5. Fritz (Frederic) Kempe (1945-): Kempe yi ulwimi isijamani othe wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo ulwimi isijamani, ingakumbi ngokwemiqathango syntax. Wabhala iincwadi ezininzi kwi-syntax yesijamani kwaye iingcamango zakhe ziye zaba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela ulwimi lwesijamani olufundiswa ngayo ezikolweni.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi German?

Ulwimi lwesijamani lunokuchazwa njengolwimi oluqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba isebenzisa izinto zombini zeelwimi zokuhlalutya kunye nezenziweyo, ezibangela ukuhlanganiswa kwayo, ubuninzi kunye nokuchasana okwenziwa ngokudibanisa iinxalenye ezininzi zamagama. Ukongeza, isijamani sinamatyala amane aphambili (ukutyunjwa, ukutyholwa, i-dative, kunye ne-genitive), kwaye izenzi zidibaniswa ngokomntu, inombolo, kunye nomoya.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasejamani ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zifake Ngokwakho: eyona ndlela ukufunda isijamani kukuba immerse ngokwakho kuyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Yenza umzamo wokunxibelelana ngesijamani nabantu, ubukele umabonwakude wasejamani kunye neefilimu, kwaye umamele unomathotholo wasejamani. Chitha ixesha kunye nezithethi zomthonyama zasejamani kwaye uzibandakanye neengxoxo kunye nabo ngesijamani.
2. Fumana Incwadi Elungileyo yesijamani: incwadi elungileyo yesikhokelo inokukunceda ngegrama kunye nesigama, kwaye inokukunika imithambo yokuziqhelanisa nezinto ozifundayo.
3. Sebenzisa Indlela Yakho Yokubiza: ukubizwa kwamagama kungundoqo ekuqondeni. Njengoko ufunda amagama amatsha kunye namabinzana, qiniseka ukuba uqhelisela ukubiza kwakho de uzive uqinisekile ngayo.
4. Sebenzisa Izixhobo Ezikwi-Intanethi: zininzi izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi zokukunceda ufunde isijamani. Khangela iiwebhusayithi kunye neeapps ezibonelela ngemithambo esebenzisanayo, ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo yezithethi zomthonyama zasejamani, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokukunceda ufunde kwaye uziqhelanise.
5. Sebenzisa Itekhnoloji: kukho zonke iintlobo zeapps, iipodcasts, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezisekwe kubuchwephesha ukukunceda uphucule izakhono zakho zolwimi. Zama ukusebenzisa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi rhoqo, ukuze izifundo zakho zolwimi ziqinise iteknoloji.
6. Joyina Inkqubo Yokutshintshiselana Ngolwimi: iinkqubo zokutshintshiselana Ngeelwimi ngamathuba amahle okuziqhelanisa nokuthetha nezithethi zasejamani zomthonyama kunye nokuphucula ukubiza kwakho.

I-Telugu lulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe Laseindiya iandhra Pradesh, kwaye kuthethwa zizigidi zabantu kulo Lonke Elaseindiya, kubandakanya nakwezinye iindawo Zasekarnataka, Isitamil Nadu, Kunye Nemaharashtra. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi, ukufumana iinguqulelo Zesitelugu kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kubantu abaninzi, ngakumbi abo bahlala phesheya.

Ngombulelo, ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi ezinokuthenjwa zokufumana iinguqulelo eziphezulu Zesitelegram. Iinkonzo zobungcali zikho ezibonelela ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo, eziqinisekisiweyo zamaxwebhu oshishino kunye nawobuqu ukusuka kwisingesi Ukuya Kwitelugu okanye ngokuchaseneyo. Ezi nkonzo zisebenzisa abaguquleli abanamava abazizithethi zolwimi lweenkobe kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu aguqulelweyo agcina inqanaba elifanayo lokuchaneka kunye nomgangatho njengomxholo wokuqala.

Kumashishini, ukufumana uguqulelo Oluchanekileyo lwetelugu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yempumelelo yamanye amazwe. Kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba amaxwebhu abo aguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze bafikelele kubathengi abanokubakho kunye namaqabane elizweni. Iinguqulelo ezichanileyo aziyi kubanceda nje ukuba bandise ngempumelelo ukufikelela kwiimarike zabo, kodwa ziya kunceda ukuphepha ukungaqondani okunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu.

Xa kuziwa kubantu abafuna ukufumana amaxwebhu abo obuqu aguqulelwe, iinguqulelo Zesitelegram zibalulekile. Oku kunokuba kubaluleke ngakumbi kubantu abafuna ukufaka isicelo se-visa, ubumi, imisebenzi, okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo loxwebhu olufuna ukuchaneka ngokusemthethweni.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isizathu, iinguqulelo Ze-Telegram kufuneka zibe yinto ephambili. Ngokukhetha iinkonzo zobungcali eziqesha abaguquleli besithethi somthonyama, amashishini kunye nabantu ngokufanayo banokuqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu abo achanekile kwaye aguqulelwe ngobuchule ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwesitelugu?

Isitelugu sithethwa ikakhulu Eindiya, apho lulwimi olusemthethweni kumazwe Eandhra Pradesh, Itelangana Neyanam. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abambalwa abambalwa kumazwe angabamelwane Basekarnataka, Etamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh Kunye Ne-Odisha, kwaye kuthethwa ngobuninzi kwilizwe Lasepuducherry, eyintsimi yomanyano Yaseindiya.

Yintoni imbali Yolwimi Lwetelegram?

Ulwimi Lwesitelugu lwaqala ukuvela kwimisebenzi yokubhala esekelwe Kwisisanskrit yekhulu le-10 kwaye sele iguqukile Ukusuka Kwitelugu Endala, Ukuya Kwitelugu Ephakathi kunye nolwimi lwesitelugu lwangoku. Imibhalo yokuqala eyaziwayo Kwisitelugu yabuyela kwikhulu le-5 AD kwaye yafunyanwa Kwi-Asrama imiqolomba yesithili Sase-Anantapur E-Andhra Pradesh. Olu lwimi lwalusetyenziselwa iirekhodi zomthetho nezorhwebo ngeli xesha.
Ngexesha eliphakathi, Utelugu wayephenjelelwa kakhulu ngamasanskrit Kunye Namaprakrit kunye neembongi zeli xesha zabhala ngothando lwabo ngolwimi. Imizekelo yale misebenzi iquka I-Mahabharatam Yasenannayya, I-Palkuriki Somana Yasebasava Puranam, Kunye Ne-Tikkanna Yaserukmangada Charitra.
Ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-17 neye-18, uncwadi Lwesitelugu lwachuma, kunye nababhali abanjengobhimi Reddi, Pingali Surana, Atukuri Molla, Chinnayasoori, Paravastu Chinnayya Sori, Nokandukuri Veeresalingam Pantulu bonke besenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kulwimi noncwadi lwalo. Ngomnyaka we-1875, Iyunivesithi Yasemadras yaqala ukufundisa Iincwadi Zesitelugu, okwenza iyunivesithi yokuqala Yaseindiya ukwenza njalo.
Namhlanje, Itelugu lolona lwimi luthethwayo Kwaye lolunye lweelwimi ezisemthethweni Zaseindiya. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwilizwe Lase-Andhra Pradesh nakwimimandla ekumda Wasekarnataka, Etamil Nadu Nase-Orissa, nakwezinye iindawo Zasemaharashtra, Echhattisgarh Nasejharkhand.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu Kulwimi Lwesitelugu?

1. I-Vemana: I-vemana yimbongi Eyaziwayo Yasetelugu, i-mystic kunye nefilosofi. Uyaziwa kakhulu ngemibongo yakhe enobubele kunye nengqiqo, ebonisa iimfundiso Ze-Advaita Vedanta. Wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko kunye noncwadi Lwetelugu.
2. Unannayya: Unannayya ngumfundi Wesisanskrit, igrama kunye nomlobi owayephila ngekhulu le-11. Uthathwa njengoyise woncwadi Lwesitelegram njengoko kukholeleka ukuba ubhale imizekelo yokuqala yoncwadi Lwesitelegram.
3. Unkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe, oyingqayizivele i izwi lamashumi amane nanye unkulunkulu uqobo lwakhe, oyingqayizivele i izwi lamashumi amane nanye Kubikwa ngokubhala Imahabharata Etelugu, eyaziwa ngokuthi 'Tikkana Mahabharatamu'. Kwakhona wabhala amagqabantshintshi Nge-Bhagavad Gita,Bhagavata Purana, Kunye Ne-Upanishads.
4. U-Annamacharya: U-Annamacharya uyimbongi ephefumlelweyo kunye nengcwele eyayiphila ngekhulu le-15. Waqamba iingoma ezingaphezu kwe-32 000 ngokudumisa Inkosi Ivenkateswara Etirupati, eyaziwa ngokudibeneyo njenge 'Sri Annamacharya Sankirtanas'. Ezi ngoma zisaculwa kwiitempile kumazantsi Eindiya namhlanje.
5. Uc. P. Brown: Ucharles Philip Brown wayengumfundi Wasebrithani Kunye ne-philologist owayesebenza kakhulu Ngolwimi Lwesitelugu. Waqulunqa isichazi-magama sokuqala Sesitelugu kwaye waguqulela imisebenzi emininzi yeklasikhi ukusuka Kwisisanskrit Ukuya Kwisitelugu. Igalelo lakhe elixabisekileyo Kulwimi Lwesitelugu noncwadi lukhunjulwa nanamhlanje.

Njani ulwimi Lwesitelegram?

I-Telugu lulwimi oluguqukayo, oluthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokongeza izimamva kwisiseko okanye ifom yengcambu. Umzekelo, igama elithi "inja" ngu "kukka" kwaye igama elithi "izinja" ngu " kukkala.""Isakhiwo silumkile, I-Telugu ine-vso (Isenzi-Isihloko-Into) umyalelo wegama, kwaye isebenzisa isini kunye nokuhlukana kwetyala. Inamatyala amathathu aphambili: ngqo, oblique, kunye nendawo. Ukongezelela, inezenzi ezine kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokuhlonipha.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesitelugu ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thatha ikhosi yolwimi Lwesitelegram: kukho inani lezifundo ezikwi-intanethi nezisemntwini ezikhoyo ukukunceda ufunde Isitelegram. Bhalisa ukuze ufumane intshayelelo ebanzi kulwimi, eya kukumisela impumelelo.
2. Phanda I-telegram: kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela ulwimi olusebenza ngayo kwimeko yokuncokola. Qala ngokumamela izithethi zomthonyama Zetelugu kwaye uziqhelanise nokuphindaphinda amabinzana emva kwabo.
3. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ukuziqhelanisa negrama: Nje Ukuba ube nenqanaba elisisiseko lokuncokola Ngesitelegu, qala ujonge imiba entsonkothileyo yolwimi, njengokuqina kwesenzi kunye nolwakhiwo lwesivakalisi. Ukufunda iincwadi, amaphephandaba kunye namanqaku Etelugu yindlela enhle yokusebenzisa izakhono zakho zegrama.
4. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ze-intanethi: iiwebhusayithi Ezininzi zibonelela ngemisebenzi yokufunda kunye nolwazi malunga nolwimi Lwesitelugu kunye nenkcubeko. Jonga iiforamu Zolwimi Lwesitelugu ukuze udibane nabanye abafundi, fumana amaqabane okufunda, kwaye ubuze imibuzo.
5. Zibhaptize kwinkcubeko: indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi kukuntywila kwinkcubeko. Mamela Umculo Wesitelugu, ubukele iimuvi, uye kwiminyhadala kunye neminyhadala, kwaye wenze abahlobo nabantu abathetha Isitelugu ukuba batyibilike kulwimi.