Isithai Isidanish Guqulela

Inorway yaziwa ngelifa layo elityebileyo leelwimi kunye neyantlukwano enzulu yenkcubeko, kunye neelwimi ezininzi ezithethwa kwilizwe liphela. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasenorway zifunwa kakhulu. Ngokuqonda uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweelwimi ezithethwa Enorway, amashishini, imibutho kunye nabantu bahlala befuna uguqulelo oluchanekileyo nolusebenzayo ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo kwiinkcubeko ezininzi.

Ulwimi Olusemthethweni Enorway Ibokmal Nenynorsk, zombini zithethwa malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabemi. Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeelwimi, zininzi ezinye iilwimi ezithethwa kwilizwe liphela. Ngokophando lwakutsha nje, ezinye zeelwimi ezithethwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwesinorway zibandakanya isingesi, isiswedish, isifinnish, isifrentshi, isijamani nesiarabhu.

Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ngeelwimi ezininzi, inkonzo yokuguqulela yasenorway inokuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Iinkonzo ezinikezelwa yile mibutho ziquka ukuguqulelwa koxwebhu, iinguqulelo eziqinisekisiweyo, iinguqulelo zemfundo, iinguqulelo zewebhusayithi kunye nokunye. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo abanakusebenza kuphela ngamaxwebhu abhaliweyo kodwa banokubonelela ngokutolika ngomlomo kwiinkomfa, iintlanganiso zeshishini kunye neziganeko ezahlukeneyo. Zonke iinguqulelo ezibonelelweyo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho ephezulu yokuziphatha kwaye zigcine imfihlo engqongqo, ukuchaneka kunye nobungcali.

Xa ukhetha inkonzo yokuguqulela yasenorway, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbutho uthembekile kwaye unerekhodi yomkhondo wempumelelo. Ukongeza, abaguquleli kufuneka babe nobuchule kulwimi oluthile, kunye namava kunye nenkcubeko yelizwe kunye nesilwimi sasekhaya. Uqeqesho lobungcali kunye noqeqesho oluqhubekayo kufuneka luqwalaselwe.

Inorway inembali ende neqhayiya yokubhiyozela nokukhusela iyantlukwano yolwimi lwayo. Ngoncedo lweenkonzo ezithembekileyo nezakhono zokuguqulela zasenorway, eli lifa leelwimi linokuqhubeka likhula.

Ngawaphi amazwe ekuthethwa kuwo ulwimi lwasenorway?

Isinorway sithethwa ikakhulu Enorway, kodwa ikwathethwa nakwezinye iindawo zasesweden Nasedenmark, kunye noluntu oluncinci oluthetha isinorway Ecanada, Eunited States, Eargentina, Ebrazil Naserussia.

Ziziphi iilwimi zasenorway?

Isinorway lulwimi Lwasemantla Ejamani, oluvela Kwinorse Yakudala eyathethwa ngabahlali Baseviking enorway ngexesha Leminyaka Ephakathi. Ukususela ngoko kuye kwakho iinguqulelo ezininzi yaye ngoku yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini anamhlanje, Ibokmal Nenynorsk, nganye yawo yahlulahlulwe yaziziyelelane zasekuhlaleni. Ulwimi olubhaliweyo lusekwe ikakhulu kwidanish, ulwimi olusemthethweni Enorway kude kube ngo-1814 xa yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe. Oku kwatshintshwa kwaza kwahlengahlengiswa ukuze kuhambelane nokubizwa kwamagama ngesi-Norwegian, igrama nesigama. Emva kweminyaka yee-1800, kwenziwa iinzame zokubeka emgangathweni ulwimi olubhaliweyo, ingakumbi ngokuqaliswa ngokusemthethweni Kwebokmål Nasenynorsk. Ukusukela ngoko, kuye kwakho ukugxininiswa okukhulayo ekusebenziseni iilwimi zonxibelelwano ngomlomo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasenorway?

1. U-Ivar Aasen (umguquleli wolwimi, ulwimi, kunye nombhali wesichazi-magama) 2. Uhenrik Wergeland (imbongi nomdlali wokudlala) 3. Ujohan Nikolas Tideman (igrama) 4. Eyvind Skeie (linguist, novelist and translator) 5. Ludvig Holberg (playwright & philosopher)

Njani ulwimi lwasenorway?

Isakhiwo sasenorway sicacile kwaye silandela umyalelo wesifundo-isenzi-into (SVO). Inenkqubo yesini ezimbini, enezibizo zobudoda nezobufazi, kunye namatyala amathathu egrama—ukutyunjwa, ukumangalela kunye nokuzala. Umyalelo wegama ubhetyebhetye, uvumela izivakalisi ukuba zichazwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kugxininiso olufunayo. I-Norwegian nayo inezikhamiso ezininzi kunye neenguqu ze-consonant, kunye neelwimi ezininzi kunye neengcamango zengingqi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasenorway ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko. Qiniseka ukuba ugubungela i-alfabhethi, ukubiza, igrama esisiseko kunye ne-syntax.
2. Sebenzisa izixhobo zomsindo/zevidiyo ezinjengeepodcasts, iividiyo Zeyoutube, kunye nezifundo zedijithali ukufunda ukuthetha isinorway.
3. Sebenzisa i-swedish incoko kunye bolunye uhlanga. Ukuzifaka kulwimi yeyona ndlela yokulufunda.
4. Funda iincwadi, amaphephancwadi kunye namaphephandaba ukuze wakhe isigama sakho kunye nokuqonda.
5. Sebenzisa isichazi-magama esikwi-intanethi okanye usetyenziso lomguquleli lwamagama ongawaqondiyo.
6. Bukela umabonwakude wasenorway kunye neemovie kunye neeklip Zeyoutube ukuze uqhelane nesigama kunye nolwimi.
7. Ngoko ke, musa xana ukuba bonwabele fun kwaye yenza abahlobo xa ufunda i-Norwegian.

Ukuguqulelwa kwesidanish: Isishwankathelo Senkonzo

Idenmark lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lwasedenmark, kwaye ikwathethwa ngesigreenland Nakwiziqithi Zefaroe. Ngenxa yoko, inkonzo yokuguqulela yasedenmark iye yaba sisixhobo esibaluleke ngakumbi kumashishini nakubantu ngokufanayo. Kunye yayo elide kwaye storied imbali, Danish ulwimi lilitye lembombo Danish inkcubeko kunye uchazo, kwaye sele yamkelwe ngamanye amazwe ngokunjalo.

Kwinqanaba layo elisisiseko, inguqulelo yesidanish ibandakanya ukuguqula isicatshulwa ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye. Le nkqubo ifuna abaguquleli abanezakhono abaqonda izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zolwimi lwasedenmark kwaye banokukutolika ngokuchanekileyo oko kuthethwayo. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeenkonzo zokuguqulela ziquka ukuguqulelwa koxwebhu, iwebhusayithi kunye nesoftware yendawo, ukutolikwa kwenkomfa, ukudityaniswa kwendawo, ukukhutshelwa komsindo kunye nevidiyo, kunye noguqulelo olusemthethweni. Ukuchaneka koxwebhu oluguqulelweyo kuxhomekeke kumgangatho womsebenzi womguquleli.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli wasedenmark, kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele inqanaba labo lobuchule kunye namava. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkalo zolwimi lwasedenmark kwaye abe nokuqonda kwenkcubeko kunye namasiko ahambelana nayo. Kwakhona kufuneka bakwazi ukunikezela ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo uxwebhu lwantlandlolo ngolwimi ekujoliswe kulo.

Ukuguqulelwa kwamaxwebhu, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho wokuguqulela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amaxwebhu anesigama esinzima somthetho okanye sobugcisa afuna inqanaba eliphezulu lobuchule kunamaxwebhu aqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi olukhethekileyo kulo mbandela ukuze aqinisekise ukuchaneka.

Kuba website okanye software localization, kukho izinto ezininzi eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Iwebhusayithi okanye isoftware kufuneka yenziwe ngokwezifiso kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo kwaye ibekwe kwindawo ngolwimi nenkcubeko yabo. Akufuneki kuphela ukuba umxholo uchaneke, kodwa kufuneka kube lula ukuhamba, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ikholise ngobuhle. Ukongeza, inkqubo yendawo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo nayiphi na imiba yenkcubeko eya kudibana nabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Ukutolikwa kwenkomfa kufuna itoliki enezakhono ukumamela nokuqonda iincoko phakathi kwabantu ababini nangaphezulu abathetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Itoliki kufuneka ikwazi ukuyitolika ngokuchanekileyo incoko ngelixa igcina ingqibelelo yomyalezo.

I-multimedia yendawo ibandakanya ukuguqulelwa kwezinto ezivakalayo kunye nezibonakalayo kulwimi olujoliswe kuyo. Olu hlobo lokuguqulela lufuna ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo ulwimi lomthombo kunye nolwimi olujoliswe kuyo.

Ukukhutshelwa kweaudiyo kunye nevidiyo kubandakanya ukuthatha ukurekhodwa kweaudiyo kunye nokuziguqula zibe ngumbhalo obhaliweyo. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nokuqonda kakuhle ulwimi olusetyenziswa ekurekhodeni kunye nentsingiselo ekujoliswe kuyo.

Okokugqibela, uguqulelo olusemthethweni lubandakanya ukuguqulelwa kwamaxwebhu asemthethweni afana nezivumelwano, imibhalo yenkundla, izigwebo kunye nemithetho. Abaguquleli kufuneka baqonde isigama esisemthethweni esinxulumene nala maxwebhu kwaye bakwazi ukutolika ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yesicatshulwa.

Ngamafutshane, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesidanish zivumela iinkampani nabantu ngabanye ukuba banxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo noogxa babo abathetha isidanish. Abaguquleli abanobuchule nabanamava babalulekile kwiinguqulelo eziphumelelayo nakutoliko oluchanileyo. Xa ukhetha umguquleli, amashishini kunye nabantu kufuneka baqwalasele amanqanaba omguquleli wobuchule kunye namava, kunye nohlobo loxwebhu abafuna ukuluguqulela.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasedenmark?

Ulwimi lwasedenmark luthethwa kakhulu Edenmark nakwiindawo Ezithile Zasejamani Nasefaroe Islands. Ikwathethwa ngomlinganiselo omncinci luluntu oluncinci Enorway, Esweden Nasekhanada.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesintu zasedenmark?

Ulwimi lwasedenmark lunembali etyebileyo ethatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka eliwaka, ilandelela imvelaphi yayo emva Kwiilwimi Ezindala Zasenorse kunye nezinye iziyelelane Zasemantla Ejamani. Ngexesha Leviking Age, idanish yayilolona lwimi luthethwa kwindawo ngoku ebizwa Ngokuba Yidenmark nomzantsi Wesweden. Yaqhubeka isetyenziswa njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwasedenmark kude kube malunga nenkulungwane ye-16 kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe yaguqukela kulwimi lwangoku lwasedenmark. Phakathi kwee-1800, idanish yayilulwimi lwesibini oluthethwa Kakhulu Edenmark emva kwesijamani. Ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwavela ngeenguqu ezininzi ze-phonological, morphological, kunye ne-lexical. Namhlanje, idanish lulwimi lwesizwe zombini Idenmark Kunye Neziqithi Zefaroe, kwaye kuthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-6 emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasedenmark?

1. I-Nfs Grundtvig (1783-1872): eyaziwa ngokuba "Nguyise wedanish Yanamhlanje," Ugrundtvig wabhala ezininzi zeengoma zesizwe Zasedenmark kwaye wancedisa ukubumba ulwimi lwangoku.
2. Uadam Oehlenschläger (1779-1850): imbongi kunye nomdlali wokudlala, ubizwa ngokudala amagama amaninzi asedenmark, afana ne "ørnen" (ukhozi).
3. Urasmus Rask (1787-1832): i-philologist kunye neelwimi, Urask waqulunqa inkqubo yokubhala isidanish eyayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kude kube ngama-1900.
4. Ujacob Peter Mynster (1775-1854): umfundisi Wezakwaluthere kunye nembongi, wabhala ngokubanzi ngesidanish kwaye watyebisa ulwimi ngamagama amatsha kunye namabinzana.
5. I-Knud Holbøl (1909-1969): eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Reformer Of Language Danish," I-Holbøl yayinoxanduva lokuzisa imithetho emitsha kunye nesigama kulwimi.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Danish?

Ulwimi Lwasedenmark lulwimi Lwasedenmark oluvela emantla Ejamani. I-swedish kwaye Norwegian, nto leyo yenza mutually intelligible ulwimi continuity. Idanish ibonakaliswa yi-morphology elula kunye ne-syntax. Ulwimi ikakhulu I-svo (Into Yesenzi Sesifundo) ngokulandelelana kwegama kwaye inezenzi ezimbalwa kunye namatyala esibizo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasedenmark ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda igrama esisiseko, ukubiza, kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi sesidanish ngaphambi kokuqhubela phambili kwizihloko ezinzima. Funda iziseko zolwimi olubhaliweyo ngokunjalo ukuze uqonde ukuba amagama abhalwe njani kwaye akhiwe njani xa uwafunda.
2. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngeencwadi zezifundo, iikhosi ezikwi-intanethi kunye nezifundo zomsindo. Ukutyala imali kwikhosi elungileyo yasedenmark kuya konga ixesha kunye nemali ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye kukuncede ufunde ulwimi ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
3. Mamela iingxoxo zesidanish kunye nomculo. Ziqhelanise nokuqonda iincoko ngesidanish ngokumamela unomathotholo wasedenmark, iipodcasts, okanye ukubukela iividiyo Zeyoutube. Kwakhona, mamela umculo wasedenmark njengoko uya kukunceda uphucule ukubiza kwakho kunye nokugxininisa.
4. Zikhuphelele eli khadi lomntu osebhayibhileni. Chitha ixesha uhlala Edenmark, nxibelelana rhoqo nezithethi zomthonyama zasedenmark, kwaye ubukele imiboniso kamabonwakude yasedenmark. Ukuzijikeleza ngolwimi kuya kukunceda ukuba ulufunde ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngendlela yendalo.
5. Ziqhelise ukuthetha yonke imihla. Joyina iklabhu yencoko okanye ufumane iqabane lokutshintshiselana ngolwimi ukuze uziqhelanise nokuthetha isidanish rhoqo. Ukuziqhelanisa nomhlohli okwi-intanethi okanye umqeqeshi wolwimi. Oku akuyi kukunceda nje ukuba ukhululeke ngakumbi ukuthetha ulwimi kodwa kuya kuphucula ukubiza kwakho kunye nokukhetha igama.