Latin Isigrike Guqulela

Inguqulelo yesilatini sisenzo esibuyela emva kumawaka eminyaka. Ibandakanya ukuguqulela isicatshulwa ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye, ngesiqhelo ukusuka kwisilatini ukuya kwisingesi okanye kolunye ulwimi lwanamhlanje. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, isilatini ibilulwimi lwabaphengululi, izazinzulu nababhali. Nanamhlanje, isilatini sidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi, njengomthetho, amayeza Necawa Yamakatolika.

Ukuqala iprojekthi yokuguqulela, umguquleli kufuneka achonge ulwimi lomthombo, oludla ngokuba sisilatini kwiiprojekthi zokuguqulela ezibandakanya isilatini. Emva koko, kufuneka baqonde kakuhle ulwimi lwesilatini. Oku kuquka ukwazi igrama nesivakalisi solwimi. Ngaphezu koko, umguquleli umele aluqonde kakuhle ulwimi abaluguqulela kulo. Oku kubandakanya ukwazi indlela yenkcubeko yolwimi ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo ithoni kunye nentsingiselo yesicatshulwa sokuqala.

Nje ukuba ulwimi lomthombo luchongiwe kwaye umguquleli unezakhono eziyimfuneko, banokuqalisa uguqulelo. Kuxhomekeke kubunzima besicatshulwa sokuqala kunye nabaphulaphuli abajoliswe kuyo, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezinokuthi umguquleli athathe. Umzekelo, ukuba isicatshulwa siguqulelwa kubaphulaphuli ngokubanzi ngaphandle kokuqonda isilatini, umguquleli unokukhetha ukusebenzisa amagama anamhlanje kunye namagama endaweni yoogxa babo besilatini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izicatshulwa ezifuna ukuguqulelwa ngokusemthethweni, umguquleli unokukhetha ukuhlala ethembekile kumbhalo wesilatini.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba isilatini lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo. Inezinto ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo ezisenokungqineka zinzima kumguquleli ongaluqondi kakuhle ulwimi. Ngenxa yoko, kungcono ukushiya iinguqulelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zesilatini kumguquleli onamava kule nkalo.

Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu. Iinguqulelo kufuneka zidlulise ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yombhalo wokuqala ngaphandle kokulalanisa ithoni, isimbo, okanye umyalezo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kuguqulelwa isilatini, njengoko iimpazamo zinokukhokelela ekudidekeni okanye ekunxibelelaneni. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, ukukhangela kunye nokujonga kabini umbhalo oguqulelweyo kubalulekile.

Uguqulelo sisakhono esithatha ixesha kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuqonda. Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni isilatini, iingcali zihlala zilukhetho olufanelekileyo. Banokufikelela kwizixhobo kunye nolwazi olufunekayo ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo isicatshulwa sesilatini kwisingesi okanye kolunye ulwimi. Ekubeni umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo ewusingatha lo msebenzi, abaguquleli besilatini banokuba nentembelo ekunikeleni iinguqulelo ezichanileyo nezithembekileyo.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesilatin?

Ulwimi lwesilatini aluthethwa njengolwimi oluphambili kulo naliphi na ilizwe, kodwa lusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi ezisemthethweni Kwisixeko Sasevatican nakwiriphabhlikhi Yasesan Marino. Isilatini ikwafundwa njengolwimi okanye ifundiswe njengenxalenye yekharityhulam kumazwe amaninzi, kubandakanya Iunited States, Ifransi, Ispain, Iportugal, I-Itali, Ipoland, Iromania, Ijamani, Iaustria, Inetherlands, Ibelgium, Iswitzerland, Icanada, Imexico, Icolombia, Ibrazil, Ivenezuela, Iperu, Iargentina, Ichile, Iecuador, Ibolivia, Iuruguay, Iparaguay namanye amazwe.

Kuthetha ukuthini ilatin Latin?

Ulwimi lwesilatini lunembali ende ebuyela emva kumawaka eminyaka. Yaqala njengolwimi Lwase-Indo-European kwaye yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwipeninsula yasentaliyane ngexesha Le-Iron Age. Ukusuka apho, yanwenwela nakweminye imimandla efana Neiberia, Igaul, kwaye ekugqibeleni Ibritani ngexesha lobukhosi Baseroma. Isilatini yayilulwimi olusemthethweni Lobukhosi Baseroma ngaphezu kweminyaka eliwaka, yaye yaba lulwimi Lobukatolika ebudeni Bamaxesha Aphakathi. Ngexesha Le-Renaissance, isilatini savuselelwa kwaye sisetyenziselwa iinjongo zesayensi, zemfundo kunye nezoncwadi. Kwinkulungwane ye-19th, yathatyathelw ' indawo ziilwimi Zothando njengolwimi oluphambili lonxibelelwano, kodwa isasetyenziswa nanamhlanje kwizicwangciso ezithile zeziko nakwiinjongo zonqulo nezemfundo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesilatini?

1. Icicero – 106 BC-43 BC) - igosa laseburhulumenteni Laseroma, igqwetha kunye nomcebisi owathi, ngokubhala kunye neentetho zakhe, waphembelela kakhulu ulwimi lwesilatini.
2. I-Virgil (70 BC-19 BC) - imbongi Yaseroma eyaziwa kakhulu ngombongo wakhe we-epic, I-Aeneid, ebhalwe ngesilatini. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wanegalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loncwadi lwesilatini nakwisintakisi.
3. Ujulius Caesar – 100 BC-44 BC) - injengele Yaseroma kunye nesitatimende esinegalelo elikhulu ekuphuhliseni igrama yesilatini kunye ne-syntax.
4. Uhorace (65 BC-8 BC) - imbongi Yamaroma yamazwi kunye ne-satires ibe nefuthe elihlala lihleli kwimibongo yesilatini.
5. I-Ovid (43 BC-17 AD) - imbongi Yaseroma eyaziwa kakhulu ngemisebenzi yakhe yokubalisa, njenge-Metamorphoses, eye yatyebisa kakhulu i-latin prose.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesilatin?

Isakhiwo solwimi lwesilatini sisekelwe kwinkqubo ye-declensions ezintlanu, ezi amaqela izibizo kunye nezichazi ezabelana ngeziphelo ezifanayo. I-decension nganye iqulethe amatyala amathandathu ahlukeneyo: ukutyunjwa, i-genitive, i-dative, i-accusative, i-ablative, kunye ne-vocative. Isilatini sineentlobo ezimbini zokudibanisa isenzi: rhoqo kwaye ayiqhelekanga. Isakhiwo sesilatini siquka i-infixes, izimamva, iziphakamiso, kunye nezibhengezo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Indlela yokufunda isilatini ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala kwiziseko. Thatha ikhosi okanye uthenge incwadi yesikhokelo egubungela iziseko zesilatini igrama kunye nesigama, njenge" I-Essential Latin "Ngujohn C. Traupman okanye" i-Wheelock's Latin " Ngufrederic M. Wheelock.
2. Fumana uluhlu lwamagama egama giuseppina. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, fumana ukurekhodwa kwesilatini esithethwa zizithethi zomthonyama. Oku kuya kukunceda ufunde ukubizwa okuchanekileyo kunye nentetho.
3. Funda isilatini. Funda izicatshulwa zesilatini ezifana nemisebenzi yababhali bamandulo kuquka Uvirgil Nocicero, iincwadi zokuthandaza ezindala, kunye neencwadi zesilatini zanamhlanje.
4. Bhala ngesilatini. Njengoko ukhululeka ngesilatini, ziqhelise ukubhala ngesilatini ukuze uqhelane negrama efanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.
5. Thetha Isilatini. Joyina iklabhu yesilatini yendawo, ubhalise kwikhosi yesilatini kwi-intanethi, kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwiingxaki zokuguqulela isilatini ukuthetha ulwimi.

Njengenye yeelwimi zamandulo, inguqulelo yesigrike ibiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonxibelelwano kangangeenkulungwane. Ulwimi lwesigrike lunembali ende kunye nefuthe elikhulu kwiilwimi zanamhlanje, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Abaguquleli bamagrike badlala indima ephambili ekuvaleni umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko kunye nokubonelela ngokuchanekileyo kwentsingiselo yesicatshulwa.

Inguqulelo Yesigrike idla ngokwenziwa ukusuka kwisigrike Sale Mihla ukuya kolunye ulwimi. Ikwayenye yeelwimi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa Kwizizwe ezimanyeneyo nakwimibutho yezizwe ngezizwe. Ngenxa yoko, imfuno yabaguquleli bamagrike iya isanda.

Isigrike lulwimi oluphucukileyo, oluneenguqu ezininzi zengingqi kunye nembali. Ngenxa yoko, abaguquleli abaziingcali kufuneka bakwazi ukuchonga amagama afanelekileyo ukudlulisela ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo okanye intsingiselo yesicatshulwa. Ngaphezu koko, bamele bahlale besexesheni ekuguquleleni kolwimi lwesigrike, ukuze baqinisekise ukuba iinguqulelo zabo zihlala zibalulekile yaye zinentsingiselo.

Ukongezelela ekuqondeni izinto ezintsonkothileyo zolwimi ngokwalo, abaguquleli bamele baqhelane nemibandela eyahlukahlukeneyo yenkcubeko – enjengesilamsi nezicatshulwa – ukuze bakwazi ukudlulisela kakuhle ithoni nendlela eqondwa ngayo imibhalo yantlandlolo. Ngokuxhomekeke kumongo, amanye amagama anokuba nentsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ngolwimi olunye kunolunye.

Ngokubanzi, umguquleli olungileyo wesigrike unokuwenza wonke umahluko phakathi kweprojekthi ephumelelayo yamazwe ngamazwe nokungaqondani okubiza imali eninzi. Xa uqesha umguquleli, amashishini kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba asebenza nengcali enamava eqonda izinto zolwimi lwesigrike kunye nazo naziphi na iziyelelane zommandla.

Ekugqibeleni, inguqulelo yesigrike-xa yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo-isisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu sempumelelo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngeqabane elifanelekileyo, amashishini anokuqiniseka ukuba umyalezo wabo uya kudluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo, ebavumela ukuba bavale ukwahlukana kwenkcubeko kwaye baxhamle kwintsebenziswano esebenzayo yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isigrike?

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Egrisi Nasecyprus. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci Ealbania, Ebulgaria, Emantla Emakedoni, Eromania, Eturkey Nase-Ukraine. Isigrike sikwathethwa linani elikhulu labaphambukeli kunye nabaphambukeli kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya Iunited States, Iostreliya Nasekhanada.

Yintoni isigrike sembali?

Ulwimi lwesigrike lunembali ende kwaye ityebile, luqala ngexesha Le-Mycenaean (1600-1100 BC), xa kwakuyindlela yokuqala Yesigrike. Isigrike samandulo yayilisebe losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Indo-European kwaye ithathwa njengesiseko sazo zonke iilwimi zanamhlanje Zaseyurophu. Iincwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ezibhalwe ngesigrike samandulo zaqala ukubonakala malunga ne-776 BC ngohlobo lwemibongo kunye namabali. Ngexesha Leklasikhi (i-5th ukuya kwi-4th century BC), ulwimi lwesigrike lwacokiswa lwaza lwavuthwa lwaba luhlobo lwalo lwakudala, olusisiseko sesigrike sanamhlanje.
Isigrike sathethwa ngendlela ethile okanye enye kude kube yinkulungwane ye-5 AD, xa yatshintshela ngokugqithiseleyo kwifom ye-demotic, ehlala isetyenziswa namhlanje njengolwimi olusemthethweni Lwasegrisi. Ngexesha le-byzantine era (400-1453 AD), ulwimi oluphambili Kwi-Empuma Yamaroma yayilulwimi lwesigrike. Emva Kokuwa Kobukhosi Basebyzantium, isigrike sadlula ixesha lokuwa. Ngowe-1976, isigrike saba lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni. Namhlanje, isigrike sesinye sezona lwimi zithethwa Kakhulu Eyurophu, ezinezithethi ezimalunga nezigidi ezili-15 zomthonyama.

Ngoobani abantu aba-5 abaphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesigrike?

1. Uhomer-uthathwa njengoyise wolwimi lwesigrike kunye noncwadi, ogama lakhe, I-Iliad Kunye Ne-Odyssey, yimisebenzi esisiseko yoncwadi Lwasentshona.
2. Uplato-isithandi sobulumko samandulo kuthiwa sazisa iingcamango ezintsha, amagama namabinzana kulwimi lwesigrike.
3. U-Aristotle-Akazange abhale ngokubanzi malunga nefilosofi kunye nesayensi kwisigrike sakhe somthonyama, kodwa abanye bakholelwa ukuba wayengowokuqala ukuguqula ulwimi.
4. Uhippocrates-Owaziwa Ngokuba Nguyise Wezamayeza, wabhala kakhulu ngesigrike, enempembelelo enkulu kwisigama sezonyango.
5. Demosthenes - esi sithethi sikhulu sabhala ngenkuthalo ngolwimi, kuquka iintetho ezininzi, amazwi neminye imisebenzi.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi lwesigrike?

Ubume bolwimi lwesigrike buchaphazeleka kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama atshintsha ifom ngokwendima yabo kwisivakalisi. Umzekelo, izibizo, izichazi, kunye nezimelabizo kufuneka zincitshiswe ukuze zibonise inani, isini, kunye netyala. Izenzi zidibaniswa ukubonisa ukuqina, ilizwi kunye nomoya. Ukongeza, amagama angaphakathi adla ngokutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kumongo afumaneka kuwo.

Indlela yokufunda isigrike ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thenga ikhosi elungileyo esisiseko ngesigrike: ikhosi elungileyo yokwazisa ngolwimi lwesigrike iya kukunika isishwankathelo solwimi kwaye ikufundise iziseko ezinje ngegrama, ukubiza, kunye nesigama.
2. Ukufunda ialfabhethi yesigrike linyathelo lokuqala lokuqonda amagama esigrike kunye namabinzana. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda oonobumba abakhulu nabasezantsi kwaye usebenzise ukubiza kwakho.
3. Funda amagama aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana: zama ukukhetha amanye amabinzana aqhelekileyo esigrike kunye namagama. Oku kubandakanya imibuliso kunye namagama aluncedo such ngo" molo", "sala kakuhle", "nceda", "enkosi", " ewe "kunye no "hayi".
4. Mamela umculo wesigrike: Ukumamela umculo wesigrike kunokukunceda ekukhetheni ukubizwa, isingqisho kunye nentetho yolwimi. Ikwakunika indlela ephilayo yokufunda ulwimi, njengoko ikuveza kwiingxoxo zobomi bokwenyani kunye neemeko.
5. Ukuziqhelanisa nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuba unokufikelela kwisithethi somthonyama sesigrike, ukuziqhelanisa nolwimi kunye nabo kubalulekile. Ukuthetha ngokuvakalayo kunye nokuncokola ngesigrike kukuvumela ukuba ufunde ngokukhawuleza ulwimi kwaye ulungise naziphi na iimpazamo ozenzayo.
6. Bhalisela iklasi yolwimi: Ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwisithethi sesigrike somthonyama, ukubhalisela iklasi yolwimi yindlela enhle yokufunda ulwimi. Uya kungqongwa ngabantu abakwisikhephe esinye njengawe kwaye oku kuya kukunika ithuba lokuziqhelanisa kwaye ubuze imibuzo malunga nolwimi.
7. Funda uncwadi lwesigrike: Ukufunda uncwadi lwakudala nolwanamhlanje lwesigrike kuya kukunika ukuqonda kulwimi kwaye kukuvumele ukuba ufumane ukuqonda okunzulu kwezinto zalo.
8. Bukela iimovie ZESIGRIKE KUNYE nemiboniso YETV: Ukubukela iimovie ZESIGRIKE kunye nemiboniso YETV kuya kukuvumela ukuba ubonakale kulwimi kwincoko yemihla ngemihla ukuze uqale ukuqonda ukuba kuthethwa njani.
9. Thatha Uhambo Oluya Egrisi: indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ulwimi kukuntywila kwinkcubeko nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Ukuthatha Uhambo Oluya Egrisi kuya kukunika ithuba lokuziqhelanisa nolwimi kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye uthathe iziyelelane zommandla.