Isi-Czech Isi-Udmurt Humusha

Isiczech singesinye sezilimi ezithakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Kukhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10 futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko laseczech Republic. Ukusebenzisa inguqulo yesiczech kungaba yindlela enhle yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho, iwebhusayithi, noma ukuxhumana kusendaweni efanele ukuze kufinyelelwe kule makethe ebalulekile.

Ngaphambi kokunquma inkonzo yokuhumusha yesiczech, kubalulekile ukuqonda ubunzima bokuhumusha ngokunembile kusuka esiczech. Okokuqala, isiczech siwulimi Lwesislavic, okusho ukuthi sinesakhiwo saso esiyingqayizivele sohlelo lolimi, izinhlamvu zamagama ezihlukile, nezilimi eziningana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abahumushi kumelwe babe nekhono kokubili olimini lwesiczech nolimi okuhloswe ngalo ukuze bahumushe ngempumelelo.

Uma udinga isevisi enokwethenjelwa yokuhumusha, kufanele ufune inkampani enolwazi nobuchwepheshe ngolimi lwesiczech. Kufanele bakwazi ukunikeza izinguqulo ezinembile nezifanelekile ngokwenkolo. Umhumushi omuhle uyoba nolwazi olujulile ngamasiko endawo ukuze akwazi ukuthola okuqukethwe futhi aqiniseke ukuthi kufanelekile ngokwenkolo.

Izinga lokuhumusha libalulekile nalapho kucatshangelwa inkonzo yokuhumusha yesiczech. Abahumushi kufanele bakwazi ukudlulisa umyalezo ngokucacile nangokunembile, ngaphandle kokuthikameza ithoni noma inhloso yombhalo wokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kuhlolwa ukuthi kunembile yini umuntu okhuluma isiczech ngaphambi kokuba kushicilelwe.

Ekugcineni, isevisi enhle yokuhumusha yesiczech izonikeza izikhathi zokuguqula ngokushesha. Isikhathi sihlala siyisici uma kuziwa endaweni, ngakho-ke kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi insizakalo oyikhethayo inganikeza isikhathi esibekiwe ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi.

Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni isiczech, kubalulekile ukuthola inkonzo yobungcweti eqonda ama-nuances olimi namasiko. With the service ilungelo translation, ungakwazi ukuqinisekisa okuqukethwe kwakho ngokunembile localised,ngempumelelo waxhumana, futhi wathola kahle by the czech-abakhuluma.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi lwesiczech?

Ulimi lwesiczech lukhulunywa kakhulu eczech Republic. Kukhona futhi abantu abaningi abakhuluma isiczech e-Austria, Ejalimane, Ehungary, Epoland, Eslovakia Nase-Ukraine. Kukhulunywa futhi inani elincane labantu bakwamanye amazwe, Njenge-Australia, Icanada, Icroatia, Ifrance, I-Italy, Iromania, Iserbia ne-United States.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesiczech?

Ulimi lwesiczech luwulimi Lwesislavonic Sasentshonalanga, oluyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Indo-European. Sihlobene kakhulu nesislovak futhi siwulimi olusemthethweni eczech Republic. Lolu limi luye lwathonywa kakhulu isilatini, isijalimane nesipolish phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Ubufakazi bokuqala balolu limi buqala ngekhulu le-10, lapho lwaqala ukubhalwa kulokho manje okuyiczech Republic. Ngaleso sikhathi, lolu limi lwalubizwa ngokuthi Isibohemia futhi lwalukhulunywa kakhulu esifundeni sasebohemia. Phakathi nawo wonke ikhulu le-11 nele-12, yavela Olimini Lwesislavonic Esidala Sesonto, nakuba yayisagcina izici ezithile zolimi lwangempela.
Ekhulwini le-14, ulimi lwesiczech lwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngendlela ebhaliwe futhi kwavela uhlobo lokuqala lolimi, olwaziwa ngokuthi isiczech Esiphakathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ulimi lwathola izinguquko eziningana ngenxa yethonya lesilatini, isijalimane nesipolish futhi kancane kancane lwaba isiczech Sanamuhla.
Ngo-1882, isazi sezilimi saseczech Učeněk Zíbrt sashicilela uhlelo lwaso lolimi lwesiczech, olwaba isisekelo sokwenza ulimi lube olujwayelekile. Kamuva lolu limi lwahlanganiswa Ngaphansi Komthetho wokupela amagama waseczech ka-1943, owasungula ulimi oluvamile olubhaliwe kulo lonke elaseczech Republic.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lolu limi luye lwaqhubeka lukhula futhi luvela, futhi namuhla lukhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-9 eczech Republic naseslovakia.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesiczech?

1. Ujan hus (c.13691415): umshisekeli wezinguquko zenkolo waseczech, isazi sefilosofi, kanye nomfundisi wezenkolo Echarles University Eprague, Ujan hus waba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesiczech. Ukushumayela kwakhe nemibhalo yakhe enethonya kwabhalwa ngesiczech futhi kwasiza ekuqiniseni isimo salo njengolimi olusemthethweni Ebohemia.
2. Uváclavladký (18831949): isazi sezilimi esidumile saseczech kanye noprofesa wezilimi Zamaslav Echarles University Eprague, Uváclavladký wabhala imisebenzi eminingi ngolimi lwesiczech, kufaka phakathi Uhlelo Lolimi Lwesiczech Kanye Nokupela Amagama. Wabuye waba nomthelela omkhulu Emthethweni Wolimi Lukahulumeni Waseczechoslovakia, owamukelwa ngo-1926 futhi usalokhu uyindinganiso esemthethweni yesiczech namuhla.
3. Ubožena němcová (18201862): owaziwa kakhulu ngenoveli Yakhe Ethi Babička (Ugogo), Ubožena němcová wayengumuntu obalulekile emkhankasweni Wokuvuselelwa Kwesizwe saseczech futhi wayephakathi kwababhali bokuqala ukubhala kabanzi ngesiczech. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba nengxenye ekuveleni kolimi lwezincwadi lwesiczech futhi yasiza ekwandiseni ukusetshenziswa kwalo ezincwadini.
4. Ujosef jungmann (17731847): imbongi nesazi sezilimi, Ujosef jungmann waba nengxenye ekwakheni ulimi lwesiczech lwanamuhla. Uhlonishwa ngokuletha amagama amaningi avela kwezinye izilimi, njengesijalimane, isintaliyane nesifulentshi, ngesiczech, futhi wasiza ekumiseni ulimi lwesiczech njengolimi lwezincwadi.
5. Uprokop Diviš (17191765): isazi sezilimi nezilimi eziningi, Uprokop Diviš uthathwa njengomunye wokhokho bezilimi zaseczech. Wabhala kabanzi ngezilimi eziqhathanisayo, uhlelo lolimi, nefonoloji, futhi kuthiwa wasiza ekuguquleni ulimi lwesiczech futhi walwenza lwafaneleka kangcono ekubhaleni okusemthethweni.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesiczech sinjani?

Ulimi lwesiczech luwulimi Lwesislavic Sasentshonalanga, okusho ukuthi lungolomkhaya ofanayo nezinye izilimi Zesislavic ezinjengesipolish, isislovak nesirashiya. Inezici eziningana ezihlukile ezenza ihluke kwezinye izilimi.
Isiczech siwulimi oluguquguqukayo, okusho ukuthi amagama ashintsha isimo sawo kuye ngomsebenzi wawo emshweni. Ibuye ibe nokuhlanganiswa, okusho ukuthi kunezelwa iziqalo nezijobelelo emagameni ukuze kwakheke amagama amasha noma ukuze kuvezwe izincazelo ezihlukile. Isiczech sinezimo eziyisikhombisa(ngokuphambene nesingisi esinezimo ezimbili kuphela, isihloko nento). Lezi zimo eziyisikhombisa zithinta amagama, izabizwana, izimelabizo nezinombolo, futhi zibonisa indima yegama emshweni.
Ekugcineni, isiczech siwulimi olunemisindo eminingi, olunokufana okukodwa kokukodwa phakathi kwamagama abhaliwe nalawo akhulunywayo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukufunda nokubiza amagama, ngisho nangaphandle kokuqonda incazelo yamagama.

Indlela ukufunda ulimi Czech ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Start ngokufunda eziyisisekelo lolimi Czech kanye pronunciation. Kunezincwadi eziningi nezinsiza eziku-inthanethi ezitholakalayo ukukusiza ufunde izinto eziyisisekelo zolimi.
2. Gxumela silulumagama. Funda imishwana esemqoka futhi ngokuvamile esetshenziswa amazwi ukuqala ukwakha isisekelo sokuqonda.
3. Inselelo ngokwakho ngezihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana. Pholisha ulimi lwakho olukhulunywayo nolubhaliwe ngokuzijwayeza imisho eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, amafomu ezenzi, nezikhathi ezihlukahlukene.
4. Lalela izikhulumi zomdabu futhi ubuke amafilimu angaphandle. Ukuze ucije indlela ophimisela ngayo futhi uqonde ulimi ,ore imithombo yezindaba enjengezinhlelo ZE-TV, iziteshi zomsakazo, nama-podcast ukuze uzwe futhi ujwayele ulimi lwesiczech nolimi oluvamile.
5. Chitha isikhathi ezweni elikhuluma isiczech. Lena indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzicwilisa ngokugcwele olimini nasemasikweni. Uma lokhu kungeyona inketho, zama ukuxoxa nabantu abakhuluma isiczech noma ukuxhumana namaqembu noma imiphakathi ekhuluma isiczech.

Ukuhumusha isi-Udmurt inqubo yokuhumusha imibhalo isuka olimini olulodwa iye olimini Lwesi-Udmurt. Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luwulimi Lwesi-Finno-Ugric olukhulunywa ngabantu base-Udmurt abahlala Eriphabhulikhi Yase-Udmurt, etholakala Enkabeni Yerussia. Lolu limi lunomlando namasiko acebile, futhi luwulimi olusemthethweni Eriphabhuliki Yase-Udmurt. Nakuba lolu limi lungase lubhekwe njengolungamelwe kahle ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, lusalokhu luwulimi olubalulekile kulabo abavela kule ndawo noma abanesithakazelo olimini, emasikweni nasemlandweni wabantu base-Udmurt.

Uma kuziwa Ekuhumusheni Isi-Udmurt, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kwenziwa izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa abahumushi bolimi lwesi-Udmurt abanolwazi, abanolwazi ngolimi nangomongo wamasiko. Umhumushi kufanele akwazi ukuqonda uhlelo lolimi, ukupela amagama, kanye nemisho yolimi ukuze enze izinguqulo ezinembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokunembile ukwanda nokuhlukahluka kwamagama ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi umbhalo usondelene kakhulu nombhalo wokuqala ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuhumusha isi-Udmurt kungasiza ekuvaleni igebe phakathi kwamasiko futhi kunikeze abantu abavela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ithuba lokuqondana. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa cishe kunoma iyiphi insimu, kuhlanganise nebhizinisi, izincwadi, nabezindaba. Ingasetshenziselwa futhi ukusiza ukulondoloza isiko nomlando wabantu Base-Udmurt ngokuvumela izindaba zabo namazwi abo ukuba ezwakale yizilaleli ezinkulu.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhumusha Isi-Udmurt kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu lokuqonda ulimi namasiko abantu base-Udmurt. Ngokuqonda imibhalo Yesi-Udmurt, kunganikeza izilaleli eziningi ithuba lokwazisa nokufunda olimini nasemasikweni abantu base-Udmurt. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba yindlela enhle yokukhuthaza ukuqonda phakathi kwamasiko nokufunda okwengeziwe ngomunye nomunye.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt lukhulunywa kakhulu Eriphabhuliki Yase-Udmurt, etholakala esifundeni Sasevolga Erussia. Kukhulunywa nasemiphakathini emincane kwezinye izingxenye Zaserussia, kanye nasemazweni angomakhelwane njengekazakhstan, Ibelarus Nefinland.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesi-Udmurt?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Uralic futhi luhlobene kakhulu nezilimi Zesi-Finno-Ugric. Kukhulunywa ngabantu abangaba ngu-680,000, ikakhulukazi Eriphabhulikhi Yase-Udmurt (Erussia) nasendaweni ezungezile. Uhlobo lwayo lokubhala lwabhalwa ngekhulu le-18 ngabapristi bama-orthodox aserussia, abakha isimiso sokubhala esisekelwe ezinhlamvwini Zesicyrillic. Lolu hlelo lokubhala lwaqhubeka lwandiswa futhi lwathuthukiswa phakathi nekhulu le-19 nele-20, okwaholela olimini lokubhala lwanamuhla. Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt lusasetshenziswa nanamuhla ezifundeni ezinabantu abangama-Udmurt, futhi lufundiswa nasezikoleni nasemanyuvesi.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesi-Udmurt?

1. Uvasiliy Ivanovich Alymov-isazi sezilimi nombhali wemisebenzi eminingi yolimi Lwesi-Udmurt, owabhala uhlelo lolimi olucacile futhi wamisa imithetho eminingi nemigomo esasetshenziswa nanamuhla.
2. Uvyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov-Isazi nomlobi wemisebenzi eminingi ngolimi namasiko Ase-Udmurt, kuhlanganise nohlelo lolimi olunzulu nezifundo ngesakhiwo sezinkondlo zase-Udmurt.
3. Unina vitalievna Kirsanova-Rodionova - umqambi emkhakheni we-Udmurt ebhaliwe, wabhala izincwadi zokuqala ngolimi futhi wadala isichazamazwi sokuqala sase-Ukraine-Udmurt.
4. Umikhayl romanovich pavlov-Owaziwa ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu emkhakheni wolimi Lwesi-Udmurt, izincwadi, kanye nezinganekwane, wayengomunye wabantu bokuqala ukuqopha nokubhala izingoma zomdabu zesifunda.
5. U-Olga Valerianovna fyodorova - Lozhkina-Omunye wabantu bokuqala ukutadisha ulimi namasiko Ase-Udmurt, washicilela amaphephandaba okuqala olimi lwesi-Udmurt futhi wabhala uhlelo lolimi nezinye izinto zokufundisa.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesi-Udmurt sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesi-Udmurt luwulimi Lwesi-Uralic, oluhlobene kakhulu nesifinnish nesi-estonia, futhi lunokufana okuthile nezilimi Zasekomi-zyryan nasepermic. Isakhiwo sayo sibonakala nge-agglutinative morphology, okusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa ngokuhlanganisa ama-affix ezincazelo nemiqondo ehlukene. Ulimi lunokuvumelana konkamisa okuyisici nesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwehla kwamagama. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunezimo ezihlukahlukene, izici, nezikhathi, kanye nokuhlukanisa okuyisisekelo phakathi kwamafomu aphelele nalawo angaphelele.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Udmurt ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokuzijwayeza ulimi. Funda mayelana zamagama kanye pronunciation futhi uthole ukuqonda eziyisisekelo lolimi.
2. Funda futhi ulalele native Udmurt imithombo. Lalela izindaba zendawo futhi uvumelane umculo NEZINHLELO TV ngolimi.
3. Prakthiza ukukhuluma nokubhala Udmurt. Thola umlingani ulimi noma usebenzise izinkundla inthanethi kanye nezingosi zokuxoxa ukuzijayeza.
4. Thatha izifundo zolimi Lwesi-Udmurt. Kunezikhungo eziningi zezilimi ezinikeza izifundo zolimi Lwesi-Udmurt futhi ungazithola ku-inthanethi.
5. Gxila emasikweni naselulwimini. Vakashela Udmurtia futhi ukhulume izikhulumi bomdabu ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngezilimi zendawo namasiko.