Isijalimane Isidashi Humusha

Uma ufuna indlela yokuxhumana namakhasimende aphesheya, noma uma udinga usizo ekuhumusheni idokhumenti ebalulekile kusuka esijalimane kuya esingisini, khona-ke izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesijalimane zingasiza. Isijalimane siwulimi olubalulekile Eyurophu, kokubili kwezamabhizinisi nakwezokuxhumana komuntu siqu. Kukhulunywa izigidi zabantu Ejalimane, e-Austria, Eswitzerland Naseluxembourg, kanye nasezingxenyeni ezithile zasebelgium, e-Italy, Efrance nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezinembile zesijalimane zifunwa kakhulu.

Uma kuziwa ezinsizakalweni zokuhumusha zesijalimane, kunezici eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe. Okokuqala, kumelwe unqume injongo yokuhumusha bese ukhetha umhlinzeki wenkonzo yokuhumusha ongcono kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, idokhumenti engokomthetho iyodinga uhlobo oluhlukile lokuhumusha kunekhasi lasekhaya kuwebhusayithi. Umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuhumusha ohlonishwayo kufanele akwazi ukunikeza abahumushi abanolwazi ngohlobo oluthile lokuhumusha olukufunayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokuhumusha nokwenziwa kwendawo. Ukuhumusha kuhilela ukudlulisela ngokunembile incazelo yombhalo kusuka kolunye ulimi kuya kolunye, kuyilapho ukuhumusha kubheka umehluko wesifunda nowamasiko ongase ube nengxenye ekuhumusheni.

Lapho ukhetha umhumushi wesijalimane, kubalulekile ukufuna umuntu onolwazi lokuhumusha imibhalo esuka esijalimane iye esingisini. Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezisebenza ngokuzikhandla kufanele zihlanganise ukuhlola nokuhlela okuyisisekelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi idokhumenti ehunyushiwe isalungile, icacile, futhi ihambisana nomthombo wokuqala. Lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuhumusha, kubalulekile ukuhlola izinkomba neziqu, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umhumushi ujwayelene nezilimi zesijalimane kanye nama-colloquialisms.

Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni imibhalo yesijalimane, kubalulekile futhi ukunaka noma yiziphi izidingo ezithile zokufometha. Uma idokhumenti ihlanganisa ukufometha okukhethekile, njengamatafula nohlu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zifomethiwe kahle ekuhumusheni. Lokhu kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukwaziswa kuvezwa ngokucacile nangokufundeka enguqulweni ehunyushiwe.

Ngokuthatha isikhathi sokukhetha izinsizakalo zokuhumusha ezifanele zesijalimane, amabhizinisi angaqinisekisa ukuthi imibhalo yawo ihunyushwa ngokunembile futhi agweme amaphutha abizayo. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe abanolwazi ekuhumusheni isijalimane nesingisi bangasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imibhalo ihunyushwa ngokucacile nangokunemba, okusiza ukwenza lula ukuxhumana okusebenzayo namakhasimende nabalingani bamazwe ngamazwe.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isijalimane?

Isijalimane siwulimi olusemthethweni Ejalimane, e-Austria, Eswitzerland, Eliechtenstein, Eluxembourg Naseningizimu tyrol e-Italy. Futhi ulimi olusemthethweni Ebelgium (Esifundeni Saseflemish), Enorth rhine-westphalia, nakwezinye izingxenye Zasejalimane. Isijalimane sikhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasempumalanga Yurophu, Njenge-Alsace Nelorraine Efrance, ezifundazweni ezithile Epoland, Eningizimu Jutland Edenmark, Esilesia eczech Republic, nakwezinye izindawo ezisemngceleni Enetherlands Nasehungary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isijalimane siwulimi oluncane olwaziwayo ezingxenyeni Ezithile Zase-Italy, Eromania, Ekazakhstan Nasenamibia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesijalimane?

Ulimi lwesijalimane luyingxenye yolimi lwesi-Indo-European futhi lungolunye lwezilimi ezindala Kunazo Zonke Eyurophu. Kukholakala ukuthi livela Olimini Lwesijalimane sokuqala, ulimi lwasendulo olwalukhulunywa abantu Basejalimane Basenyakatho Yurophu. Ngekhulu lesi-2 ad, lase likhule laba izilimi eziningana ezihlukene, ezaqhubeka ziguquka phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Ekhulwini lesi-9, izizwe Zamajalimane zahlanganiswa Ngaphansi Kukacharlemagne futhi ulimi lwazo lwaqala ukuvela njengendlela evamile yokuxhumana. Ngekhulu le-11, izinhlobo ezimbili zesijalimane Esidala Esiphakeme zavela njengolimi oluyinhloko lwezincwadi, izincwadi, namasiko; isijalimane Esiphakeme Esiphakathi ezifundeni eziphezulu Zaserhine Nase-Upper saxony, nesijalimane Esiphakeme Ebavariya nase-Austria.
Ekhulwini le-14, ukusungulwa kokunyathelisa nokwanda komshini wokunyathelisa kwasiza ekuvumelaniseni ulimi futhi kwaholela ekushicilelweni kwemisebenzi efana ne - "Grimm' s law", eyasungula imithetho yokubhala nokukhuluma ulimi.
Phakathi nenkathi yokuhlola nokukhanyiselwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwesijalimane sanamuhla kwaqala ngokwethula amagama amasha nohlelo lolimi olwenziwe lula. Ekhulwini le-19, ulimi lwesijalimane lwahlanganiswa, izilimi zesijalimane Esiphakathi nesiphezulu zaba ulimi olusemthethweni kuleli zwe. Lolu limi luyaqhubeka lukhula futhi lukhula nanamuhla futhi lungolunye lwezilimi ezikhulunywa kakhulu emhlabeni.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesijalimane?

1. Umartin luther (14831546): Umartin luther wayephethe ukudala isisekelo solimi lwesijalimane lwanamuhla ngokuhumushela Ibhayibheli olimini lwesijalimane nokuthuthukisa uhlobo olusha lokubhala olwalusebenzisa izilimi ezimbili eziyinhloko zesijalimane ngaleso sikhathi: isijalimane Esiphakeme Nesisaxon Esiphansi. Ithonya lakhe lisazwakala nanamuhla ekwakhiweni nasekubhalweni kolimi lwesijalimane.
2. Ujohann wolfgang Von Goethe (17491832): Ugoethe wayengumbongi odumile, umbhali wemidlalo yaseshashalazini, nombhali wamanoveli owasebenza ukuhlanganisa izilimi ezihlukahlukene zesijalimane zibe ulimi olulodwa olujwayelekile. Wabuye wasungula amagama amaningi esijalimane "engokuthi "schadenfreude", "weltschmerz", nelithi "landsknecht". Kuze kube namuhla, imisebenzi yakhe isafundwa abantu abakhuluma isijalimane emhlabeni wonke.
3. Uheinrich himmler (19001945): Uhimmler wayeyisikhulu esinamandla Samanazi esaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesijalimane. Wayedume ngokuqamba amagama amasha nokunikeza amadala izincazelo ezintsha ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi ayavumelana nemibono Yamanazi, ngaleyo ndlela eqinisekisa ukuthi yayiyohlala isikhathi eside ngisho nangemva kokuwa kombuso.
4. U-Ulrich Ammon (1937-2006): U-Ammon wayengusosayensi wezilimi owafunda ukuthuthukiswa kolimi lwesijalimane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Wabhala izincwadi zohlelo lolimi nezincwadi, wasungula inhlangano Ideutsche Sprache E. V., futhi wakhonza njengomongameli Wenhlangano Yokucwaninga Kwezesayensi Nokubhalwa Kolimi lwesijalimane kusukela ngo-1982-2006.
5. Ufritz (Frederic) kempe (1945 -): Kempe uyisazi sezilimi sasejalimane esenze iminikelo ebalulekile olimini lwesijalimane, ikakhulukazi ngokuya nge-syntax. Ubhale izincwadi eziningi nge-syntax yesijalimane futhi imibono yakhe ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekutheni ulimi lwesijalimane lufundiswa kanjani ezikoleni.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesijalimane sinjani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesijalimane singachazwa njengolimi lokuhlanganiswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isebenzisa izakhi zezilimi zokuhlaziya nezokwenziwa, okuholela ekuhlanganisweni kwayo, ubuningi, nokwehla okwakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningi zamagama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isijalimane sinezimo ezine eziyinhloko (isimelabizo, isimelabizo, isimelabizo, nesimelabizo), futhi izenzi zihlanganiswa ngokomuntu, inombolo, nesimo sengqondo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesijalimane ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Gxila: indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda isijalimane ukucwilisa wena kuyo ngangokunokwenzeka. Yenza umzamo wokuxhumana nabantu ngesijalimane, ubuke ithelevishini namafilimu asejalimane, futhi ulalele umsakazo wasejalimane. Chitha isikhathi nabantu abakhuluma isijalimane futhi baxoxe nabo ngesijalimane.
2. Thola Incwadi Enhle German: incwadi enhle angakusiza nge lolimi kanye silulumagama, futhi angakunika umzimba ukuzijayeza lokho ufunda.
3. Prakthiza Pronunciation Yakho: Pronunciation kuyisihluthulelo ukuba baqonde. Njengoba ufunda amagama amasha nemishwana ,ureiseka ukuzijayeza pronunciation yakho uze uzizwe uzethemba nalo.
4. Sebenzisa Imithombo Online: Kukhona eziningi amathuluzi ezinkulu online ukukusiza ufunde isijalimane. Bheka amawebhusayithi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinikeza izivivinyo ezisebenzisanayo, ukuqoshwa komsindo kwabakhuluma isijalimane bomdabu, nezinye izinsiza zokukusiza ufunde futhi usebenze.
5. Sebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe: kukhona zonke izinhlobo zokusebenza, ama-podcast, nezinye izinsiza ezisekelwe kwezobuchwepheshe ukukusiza uthuthukise amakhono akho olimi. Zama ukusebenzisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu zalezi njalo, ukunikeza izifundo zakho zolimi umfutho kwezobuchwepheshe.
6. Joyina Uhlelo Language Exchange: izinhlelo language exchange kukhona amathuba amahle kakhulu ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma nge bomdabu izikhulumi German futhi ngcono pronunciation yakho.

Inetherlands iyikhaya labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-17, futhi isidashi siwulimi olusemthethweni olukhulunywa iningi lalaba bantu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukwenza ibhizinisi Enetherlands noma nje ufuna ukwenza travel yakho isipiliyoni kujabulise kakhudlwana, ukuqonda Dutch kungaba umsebenzi onzima.

Ngenhlanhla, kukhona amasevisi ahlukahlukene professional translation etholakalayo ukukusiza uthole okuningi izidingo zakho zokuxhumana Dutch. Nakhu ukubuka konke kwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesidashi ukukusiza unqume ukuthi iyiphi inketho engcono kakhulu kuwe:

1. Ukuhumusha ngomshini:

Izinguqulo zomshini ezinjenge-Google Translate zinikeza izinguqulo ezisheshayo, ezilula ngokunemba okunengqondo. Nokho, njenganoma iyiphi inguqulo yomshini, kungase kudingeke uqaphele amaphutha ohlelo lolimi nokwakheka kwamagama noma izincazelo ezingalungile zombhalo wakho wokuqala.

2. Abahumushi abazimele:

Abahumushi abazimele banganikeza izinga eliphakeme lokunemba futhi ngokuvamile bayindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuhumusha inani elincane lombhalo. Beiseka ukuthi uhlole umsebenzi odlule wanoma yimuphi umhumushi ongaba khona ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izinga labo lihlangabezana nezindinganiso zakho.

3. Izinkampani zezinsizakalo zolimi:

Uma udinga inani elikhulu umbhalo elihunyushwe ngokushesha nangendlela efanele, ukuqasha inkampani professional language service kungaba isinqumo esihlakaniphile. Lezi zinkampani ziqasha abahumushi abanolwazi futhi zisebenzisa izinqubo eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi wonke umsebenzi uqedwa ngokunembile nangesikhathi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi inkonzo yokuhumusha oyikhethayo, khumbula njalo ukusebenzisa isikhulumi bomdabu Dutch uma kungenzeka. Abantu abakhuluma ulimi lwendabuko bavumelana kangcono nokwehlukahluka kwezifunda zolimi, futhi bayoqonda kangcono ama-nuances amasiko.

Dutch translation services kungakusiza usebenzise wonke amathuba Ukuthi Netherlands kufanele anikele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga ukuhumusha imibhalo yebhizinisi, okuqukethwe kwewebhusayithi, noma yini enye, usebenzisa umhlinzeki wesevisi yolimi lochwepheshe angaqinisekisa ukuthi uthola izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isidashi?

Ulimi lwesidashi lukhulunywa ikakhulukazi Enetherlands, Ebelgium Nasesuriname. Kukhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasefrance Nasejalimane, kanye nasemazweni Ahlukahlukene Asecaribbean Naseziqhingini Zasepacific, Njenge-Aruba, Icuracao, Isint Maarten, Isaba, Ist.Eustatius, nedutch Antilles. Amaqembu amancane abantu abakhuluma isidashi angatholakala emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise Nasecanada, e-United States, e-Australia, Enew Zealand, e-Indonesia, Eningizimu Afrika, nakwezinye izindawo.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesidashi?

Ulimi lwesidashi luwulimi Lwasentshonalanga Jalimane olwavela esifundeni sasendulo somlando Wamafrank Sasefrisia. Ihlobene kakhulu nesijalimane Esiphansi nesingisi, futhi isetshenziswe Enetherlands kusukela cishe ngekhulu le-12. Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesidashi olwalubhalwe phansi lwakhiwa phakathi nekhulu le-16 futhi lwasakazeka ngokushesha ezweni lonke. Ngekhulu le-17, kwase kuwulimi olwalusetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni yolimi lwesidashi, ehlanganisa Inetherlands, Iflanders Ebelgium nesuriname Eningizimu Melika. Phakathi nokwenziwa kwamakoloni amadashi ngekhulu le-17 nele-18, lolu limi lwasakazekela nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, kuhlanganise Ne-Indonesia, Iningizimu Afrika Necaribbean. Ekhulwini le-19, isidashi sasisebenza futhi njengesilimi esivamile E-East Indies nasemachwebeni Aseningizimu Afrika. Ngemva Kwempi Yezwe II, ukufuduka kwabantu abavela emazweni akhuluma isingisi kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwesingisi Enetherlands, okwaholela ekwehleni kwenani labantu abakhuluma isidashi. Nokho, lolu limi lusakhulunywa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi Enetherlands Nasebelgium, futhi luwulimi olusemthethweni Lwe-European Union.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesidashi?

1. Udesiderius Erasmus (14661536): wakhuthaza inguqulo yolimi lwesidashi yobuntu, futhi kuthiwa wasiza ekuletheni Inkathi Yegolide yezincwadi zesidashi.
2. Ujoost van den Vondel (15871679): wayengumbhali wemidlalo yaseshashalazini owabhala izinhlobo eziningana, futhi uthathwa njengomunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu ezincwadini zasedashi.
3. Usimon Stevin (15481620): wabhala kabanzi ngezibalo nobunjiniyela, futhi wayaziwa nangomsebenzi wakhe wokuphayona ekwandiseni ulimi lwesidashi nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo.
4. Ujacob cats (15771660): wayengumbongi, umculi nosomabhizinisi, futhi wasiza ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesidashi ngokuhlanganisa uhlelo lolimi nokwakheka kwalo.
5. Ujan de witt (16251672): wayengumuntu obalulekile kwezombusazwe Enetherlands, futhi udunyiswa ngokuthuthukisa ulimi lwezepolitiki lwasedashi.

Ulimi lwesidashi lunesakhiwo esingakanani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesidashi siyinhlanganisela yamathonya olimi Lwesijalimane nolwesiromance. Luwulimi oluguquguqukayo olunezinhlobo ezintathu zohlelo lolimi, izinombolo ezintathu, namacala amane. Ifomu layo elibhaliwe lilandela imithetho efanayo neyesijalimane noma yesingisi, nemisho equkethe isihloko, isimemezelo nento. Nokho, lapho kukhulunywa, ulimi lwesidashi luvame ukuba olufushane, lusekelwe ekuhlelekeni kwamagama nasekuqondeni umongo ukuze ludlulisele incazelo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Dutch ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo. Funda alfabhethi Dutch, pronunciation futhi ujwayelane amazwi nemishwana ezivamile.
2. Lalela umculo Dutch, ukubukela amabhayisikobho Dutch kanye nemibukiso yethelevishini, futhi ufunde izincwadi Dutch namaphephandaba ukuze ujwayelane ulimi.
3. Thatha inkambo Dutch. Ukuthatha ikilasi kuzokusiza ukuba wakhe isisekelo sakho nokuzethemba ekukhulumeni nasekuqondeni isidashi.
4. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okufunda online nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana Duolingo and Rosetta Stone.
5. Prakthiza ukukhuluma isikhulumi bomdabu futhi ucele ukuba alungise noma yimaphi amaphutha owenzayo. Lena indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ukukhuluma nokuqonda ulimi ngendlela efanele.
6. Uzibophezele ekusebenziseni ulimi. Beka eceleni isikhathi nsuku zonke ukuzijayeza ukufunda nokukhuluma isidashi.
7. Have fun! Ukufunda ulimi olusha kufanele kube okuthakazelisayo nokujabulisayo. Zama izindlela ezahlukene futhi uthole ukuthi yini esebenza kangcono kuwe.