I-croatian Isipolish Guqulela

Xhosa: Ukuvala ulwimi Edit

Icroatia lulwimi olusemthethweni Ecroatia Nasebosnia-Herzegovina, kodwa ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci abambalwa basecroatia Eserbia, Emontenegro, kumazwe angabamelwane, nakwihlabathi liphela. Yingakho abaninzi abantu kunye namashishini baguqulela iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi.

Icroatia lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic kwaye iboleka kakhulu kwiingcambu zesilatini Nesijamani. Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Ecroatia kunye nolwimi olusemthethweni oluncinci Ebosnia-Herzegovina. Icroatia yinxalenye Yosapho Lweelwimi Zase-Indo-European kwaye yabelana ngengcambu eqhelekileyo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic ezinje ngesirashiya, isipolish, kunye nesiczech.

Ngenxa yeengcambu zayo ezabelwana ngazo, isicroatia kulula ukuba izithethi zezinye iilwimi Zeslavic zifunde. Yabelana ngokufana okuninzi kwigrama kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi. Kukho kanjalo ezininzi yenkcubeko similarities phakathi Slavic amazwe ukuba yenza ukuqonda Croatian lula kuba abo kunye ulwazi Ezinye Slavic iilwimi.

Kulabo abangenawo amava kunye nezinye iilwimi zeslavic, isicroatia sisenokuba lula ukuyifumana. Ngenxa yempembelelo yayo yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo, icroatia iboleka amagama kwezinye iilwimi kwaye inenani elikhulu lemali mboleko. I-croatia ine-alfabhethi yefowuni, eyenza kube lula ukufunda kunezinye iilwimi.

Icroatia nayo ineelwimi ezininzi ezahlukileyo ngokusekwe kwindawo ekuyo, kunye nezinto zentlalo kunye nenkcubeko. Ezi lwimi zinokwahluka ngesigama nangesibizo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zithethwa nini yaye phi.

Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwiinguqulelo zesicroatia kukusebenzisa umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo otyibilikayo kulwimi kwaye aqhelene neziyelelane. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile, luyaqondakala kwaye alunazimpazamo. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo banokubonelela ngomxholo owongezelelweyo kunye nolwazi lwenkcubeko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia zinokunceda ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi kwaye zizise ishishini lakho okanye imveliso kwiimarike ezintsha. Nokuba ufuna ukuguqulela amaxwebhu, iincwadana, iiwebhusayithi, okanye umxholo, ingcali efanelekileyo inokukunceda ufikelele kubaphulaphuli bakho ekujoliswe kubo. Abaguquleli abaziingcali banokukunceda uqonde inkcubeko kunye namasiko asekuhlaleni ukuze ukwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle nabathengi kunye namaqabane kwimarike yakho entsha.

Ngokuvula ulwimi Lweadriatic ngenguqulelo yesicroatia, unokuvula amathuba amatsha okukhula kunye nempumelelo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia zinokukunceda ukuvala izikhewu zolwimi nezenkcubeko ukuze wabelane ngomyalezo wakho nehlabathi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasecroatia?

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ecroatia, Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, nakwiindawo Zaseserbia, Emontenegro Naseslovenia. Ikwathethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezithile ezincinci Eostriya, Ehungary, E-Itali Naseromania.

Ziziphi iilwimi ezisemthethweni zasecroatia?

Ulwimi lwasecroatia Lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic oluneengcambu zalo kwinkulungwane ye-11. Yayisetyenziswa ngamacroats okuqala, Abantu Basemzantsi Slavic abahlala kwindawo ngoku eyicroatia Kumaxesha Aphakathi. Ulwimi oluvela Kwicawa Yakudala Islavonic, ulwimi lwembali olusetyenziswa ngabantu Baseslavic Basempuma Yurophu.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, icroatia yaqalisa ukuthabatha uhlobo olwahlukileyo yaye kamva yasetyenziswa kuncwadi, nakwezinye iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, icroatia yafumana umlinganiselo othile wokubekwa emgangathweni ngokupapashwa kwesichazi-magama esibalulekileyo sasecroatia.
Ekugqibeleni, icroatia yakha inxalenye Yobukhosi Base-Austria-Hungarian kwaye yafumana umgangatho ophezulu ngexesha le-19th century, ifana kakhulu nolwimi lwaseserbia. Emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi I, kwasekwa Ubukumkani baseserbia, Basecroats naseslovenes, kamva ababebizwa Ngokuba Yiyugoslavia. Icroatia yahlala ingatshintshanga de yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasecroatia ngo-1991 kunye nesibhengezo sobu-independence.
Ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwaqhubeka luguquka, kunye neenguqu ezenziwe ukupela, iziphumlisi, kunye namagama amatsha afakwe kwisichazi-magama. Namhlanje, icroatia kuthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-5.5 abahlala Ecroatia, Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, Eserbia, Eostriya, Ehungary, Eitali Naseswitzerland.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasecroatia?

1. Umarko Marulić (1450-1524) - Ithathelwa Ingqalelo ukuba ibe nguyise weencwadi zanamhlanje zasecroatia kwaye ingqalelo yokuqala enkulu umbhali wasecroatia, Umarulić waqulunqa imisebenzi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kuquka imibongo,idrama, kunye nenkolo. Owona msebenzi wakhe udumileyo Ngujudita, umbongo obalaseleyo osekwe Kwincwadi Yetestamente Endala Kajudith.
2. U-Ivan Gundulić ( 1589-1638) - imbongi eyaziwayo eyabhala i-national epic Osman, kunye ne-play dubravka. Wayengomnye wababhali bokuqala basecroatia ukubandakanya izinto zolwimi lwasecroatia kwimisebenzi yakhe.
3. Držić (1508-1567) - Držić widely lunxulumano njengoko wokuqala Croatian dramatist kwaye umseki we-Croatian theatre. Imidlalo yakhe ihlala ibonisa uburharha obumnyama, i-satire, kunye nemvakalelo enamandla yokuqonda kwesizwe.
4. Umatija Antun Riković (1735-1810) - Uriković ubizwa ngokuba ngowokuqala ukubhala ngolwimi lwesicroatia, okwenza kube lula ukuba abantu baqonde kwaye bafunde. Kwakhona wabhala iincwadi ezininzi, amaphecana, namanqaku athetha ngemixholo eyahlukahlukeneyo efana nesayensi, intanda-bulumko nezobupolitika.
5. Petar Preradović (1818-1872) - Preradović ubekwa ngokubanzi njenge "Croatian Byron" kwimibongo yakhe yothando kunye nemibongo yokuthand ' izwe. Ukhunjulwa ngokukhuthaza umanyano lwesizwe, ngakumbi phakathi kwamacandelo amabini Ecroatia, kunye negalelo lakhe kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasecroatia.

Njani ulwimi lwesicroatia?

Ulwimi lwasecroatia lulwimi Lwase-Indo-European kwaye luyinxalenye Yeqela Lolwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic. Inesakhiwo esifanayo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, ezinje ngesibulgaria, isiczech, isipolish nesirashiya. Izenzi zasecroatia zidibaniswa ngokomntu kunye nexesha elide, izibizo kunye nezichazi ziyancitshiswa ngokwesini, inombolo kunye necala, kwaye kukho iimeko ezintandathu zegrama. Isebenzisa ialfabhethi yesilatini kwaye inkqubo yayo yokubhala ifonemic, oko kuthetha ukuba unobumba ngamnye uhambelana nesandi esinye.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasecroatia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko: kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olusisiseko lwegrama, ukubizwa kwamagama kunye noonobumba besicroatia ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda ulwimi. Qala ngencwadi elungileyo okanye ikhosi, njengepimsleur okanye Uzifundise isicroatia.
2. Mamela i-podcasts yasecroatia: Ukumamela iipodcasts zasecroatia kunye nemiboniso yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda kunye nokuqhelana nolwimi. Zininzi iividiyo Zeyoutube ezinezifundo ezithile ngokubiza kunye negrama-bukela kangangoko unako!
3. Ukuziqhelanisa nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuthetha nesithethi somthonyama yenye yeendlela eziluncedo nezonwabisayo zokufunda ulwimi. Unokufumana ngokulula iqabane lolwimi kwi-intanethi okanye kwisixeko sakho.
4. Funda iincwadi zasecroatia: Fumana iincwadi, amanqaku kunye neemagazini ngesicroatia kwaye uzifunde rhoqo. Zama ukufumana uhlobo olukufaneleyo kwaye uqale ukufunda!
5. Sebenzisa ii-flashcards ukuze ufunde isigama: Ii-Flashcards ziyithuluzi elihle xa kuziwa ekufundeni amagama amatsha, ngokukodwa kwiilwimi ezifana nesicroatia apho kukho amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo kwinto efanayo.
6. Zibhaptize: eyona ndlela yokuqonda ulwimi kukuzifaka kuyo-yiya Ecroatia ukuba unako, okanye ubukele iimovie kwaye umamele umculo ecroatia.
7. Ukufunda i-croatia kunokuba ngamava amnandi kwaye anomvuzo - qiniseka ukuba uyayonwabela inkqubo kwaye ungabeki uxinzelelo olukhulu kuwe.

Isipolish lulwimi Lweslavic oluthethwa ikakhulu Epoland, olwenza ukuba lube lolona lwimi luthethwa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Nangona lulwimi lomthonyama Lwezibonda, abanye abemi abaninzi abahlala kumbindi Yurophu nakwimimandla Yaseunited States nabo bathetha isipolish. Ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasepoland ziya zithandwa ngakumbi, njengoko isidingo sokunxibelelana ngokucacileyo kwimiqobo yenkcubeko siyanda.

Nangona isipolish isenokuba lulwimi olunzima kwizithethi ezingezizo ezomthonyama ukuba zifunde, kukho amanqaku ambalwa aphambili ekufuneka uwagcine engqondweni xa ufuna umguquleli onamava. Okokuqala kukujonga ukuba umntu okanye iarhente oceba ukuyisebenzisa inamava kwicandelo lokuguqulela isipolish. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho uya kwaziswa ngendlela ecacileyo, echanekileyo kunokwenzeka. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba umguquleli uthetha isipolish kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo ngokutyibilikayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli aqhelane nenkcubeko kunye nemiba yolwimi. Umzekelo, amagama athile okanye amabinzana anokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ke ukuba nengcali eqonda umahluko ofihlakeleyo kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho udluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindleko zeenkonzo zokuguqulela isipolish. Njengayo nayiphi na inkonzo, iindleko zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto, ukuntsonkotha kwesicatshulwa kunye nexesha lokujika elifunwayo. Qiniseka ukuba uthelekisa amaxabiso kubaboneleli abohlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana elona value lilungileyo lemali yakho.

Ukuqukumbela, isipolish lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo nolunengqondo olufuna iinkonzo zomguquleli onamava ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka nokucaca. Xa ukhetha i-arhente okanye umguquleli, qiniseka ukuba uthathela ingqalelo amava abo, ukuqonda ngokutyibilikayo kunye nenkcubeko, kunye neendleko zeenkonzo zabo. Ngokwenza njalo, unokuqiniseka ukuba umyalezo wakho uza kuguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isipolish?

Isipolish sithethwa ikakhulu Epoland, kodwa sinokuviwa nakwamanye amazwe, Belebelarus, iczech Republic, Ijamani, Ihungary, Ilithuania, Islovakia Neukraine.

Yintoni isipolish ulwimi?

Isipolish lulwimi Lwase-Indo-European lweqela le-Lechitic, kunye neczech neslovak. Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nabamelwane bayo abasondeleyo, iczech kunye neslovak. Isipolish lolona lwimi luthethwa Kakhulu entshona Slavic group kwaye sithethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-47 kwihlabathi liphela.
Ingxelo yokuqala eyaziwayo yolwimi lwasepoland ibuyele kwi-10TH century AD, nangona abanye bakholelwa ukuba inokuthethwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-7 okanye le-8. Ulwimi lwenziwa utshintsho oluthile ebudeni Bamaxesha Aphakathi, lwaphenjelelwa ngamandla sisilatini, isijamani nesihungary ngenxa yokungena kwabantu abavela kula mazwe.
Uhlobo lwangoku lwesipolish lwavela ngenkulungwane ye-16, xa ulwimi lwafumana ixesha elimiselweyo ngenxa yempembelelo Yecawa Yamakatolika, eyayinamandla amakhulu kunye nefuthe ngelo xesha. Emva kwezahlulelo Zasepoland ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, ulwimi lwaphenjelelwa ngakumbi sisirashiya nesijamani, njengoko iindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe zaziphantsi kolawulo lwazo.
Isipolish saphinda sazimela ngo-1918 kwaye sele siphuhlise saba lulwimi olukhoyo namhlanje. Ulwimi luye lwaqhubeka luvela ngokudibanisa amagama amaninzi amatsha, kwaye i-lexicon iye yanda ukuba ibandakanye amagama avela kwezinye iilwimi ezifana nesifrentshi nesingesi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasepoland?

1. Ujan Kochanowski (1530-1584): Uthathwa njengembongi yesizwe Yasepoland, Ukochanowski wenza igalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwangoku lwasepoland ngokwazisa amagama amatsha, izichazi, kunye nokubhala imibongo yonke ngolwimi oluthethwayo lwabantu.
2. U-Ignacy Krasiki (1735-1801): Ukrasiki wayeyimbongi eyaziwayo, i-satirist kunye nomdlali wokukhanya kwepoland. Wabhala imibongo ngesilatini nangesipolish, esazisa imizekeliso emininzi eqhelekileyo kulwimi lwesipolish.
3. Uadam Mickiewicz (1798-1855): Umickiewicz udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yinkosana yeembongi zasepoland". Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasepoland kunye noncwadi.
4. Ustanisław Wyspiński (1869-1907): I-Wyspiński yayingumntu oyintloko we-Young Poland movement kwi-art and literature. Wabhala ngokubanzi ngolwimi lwasepoland kwaye wavelisa isitayela esikhethekileyo soncwadi esinempembelelo enkulu kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo zababhali basepoland.
5. Iczesław Miłosz (1911-2004): Umiłosz wayeyinobel Prize Kulwazi Loncwadi. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba negalelo ekwandiseni ulwimi lwasepoland nenkcubeko phesheya. Kwakhona wakhuthaza izizukulwana eziselula zababhali ukuba zihlolisise izihloko ezingazange zibonwe kwiincwadi zesipolish.

Uluphi ulwimi lwesipolish?

Ulwimi lwasepoland lulwimi Lwaseslavic. I-Indo-European usapho kwaye belong Ukuba West Slavic iqela iilwimi. Ulwimi ngokwalo lwahlulwe lwaba ziziyelelane ezintathu eziphambili: isipolish Esincinci, Isipolish Esikhulu Kunye Nesimazovian. Nganye yezi lwimi ineziyelelane zayo zengingqi. Isipolish lulwimi oluchaphazeleka kakhulu olusebenzisa amatyala, isini, kunye noxinzelelo ukuze kwakhiwe izivakalisi. Umyalelo wegama ubhetyebhetye kwaye ubukhulu becala umiselwa ngumxholo endaweni yesivakalisi. Ukongeza, isipolish sinenkqubo etyebileyo yamaqabane, izikhamiso, kunye ne-accents ezisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamagama.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasepoland ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko: Funda isigama esisisiseko kunye nokubiza amagama. Ukutyala imali kwincwadi elungileyo yolwimi lwasepoland okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi egxile kwigrama, enje "Ngesipolish Esibalulekileyo" Ngu-Amalia Kless.
2. Ziqhelanise nokubiza amagama: Mamela izithethi zasepoland, kwaye uziqhelanise nokuthetha ngokuvakalayo.
3. Zama izixhobo zokufunda zemultimedia: Sebenzisa iipodcasts, iividiyo, kunye nesoftware yekhompyuter ukukunceda ufunde isipolish.
4. Gwema ukuguqulela ukusuka kwisingesi: Nangona kusenokubonakala kulula, uya kufumana okungakumbi kumgudu wakho ukuba uzama ukwenza unxulumano nokwakha amagama.
5. Ziqhelise rhoqo: yenza umkhwa wokuchitha ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku ufunda isipolish.
6. Mix kwezinye fun: Ukungena a isipolish ulwimi exchange, ukubukela isipolish iimifanekiso kwaye TV ibonisa, ukufunda isipolish iincwadi kwaye magazine, okanye incoko nge-native speakers kwi-loluntu media.
7. Qaphela: Akukho Nto ibetha ukuhlala kwilizwe elithetha isipolish ukuba unako ukwenza njalo. Okukhona untywiliselwa ngakumbi, kokukhona uya kulufumana ngokukhawuleza ulwimi.