I-croatian Javanese Guqulela

Xhosa: Ukuvala ulwimi Edit

Icroatia lulwimi olusemthethweni Ecroatia Nasebosnia-Herzegovina, kodwa ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci abambalwa basecroatia Eserbia, Emontenegro, kumazwe angabamelwane, nakwihlabathi liphela. Yingakho abaninzi abantu kunye namashishini baguqulela iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi.

Icroatia lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic kwaye iboleka kakhulu kwiingcambu zesilatini Nesijamani. Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Ecroatia kunye nolwimi olusemthethweni oluncinci Ebosnia-Herzegovina. Icroatia yinxalenye Yosapho Lweelwimi Zase-Indo-European kwaye yabelana ngengcambu eqhelekileyo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic ezinje ngesirashiya, isipolish, kunye nesiczech.

Ngenxa yeengcambu zayo ezabelwana ngazo, isicroatia kulula ukuba izithethi zezinye iilwimi Zeslavic zifunde. Yabelana ngokufana okuninzi kwigrama kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi. Kukho kanjalo ezininzi yenkcubeko similarities phakathi Slavic amazwe ukuba yenza ukuqonda Croatian lula kuba abo kunye ulwazi Ezinye Slavic iilwimi.

Kulabo abangenawo amava kunye nezinye iilwimi zeslavic, isicroatia sisenokuba lula ukuyifumana. Ngenxa yempembelelo yayo yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo, icroatia iboleka amagama kwezinye iilwimi kwaye inenani elikhulu lemali mboleko. I-croatia ine-alfabhethi yefowuni, eyenza kube lula ukufunda kunezinye iilwimi.

Icroatia nayo ineelwimi ezininzi ezahlukileyo ngokusekwe kwindawo ekuyo, kunye nezinto zentlalo kunye nenkcubeko. Ezi lwimi zinokwahluka ngesigama nangesibizo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zithethwa nini yaye phi.

Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwiinguqulelo zesicroatia kukusebenzisa umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo otyibilikayo kulwimi kwaye aqhelene neziyelelane. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile, luyaqondakala kwaye alunazimpazamo. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo banokubonelela ngomxholo owongezelelweyo kunye nolwazi lwenkcubeko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia zinokunceda ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi kwaye zizise ishishini lakho okanye imveliso kwiimarike ezintsha. Nokuba ufuna ukuguqulela amaxwebhu, iincwadana, iiwebhusayithi, okanye umxholo, ingcali efanelekileyo inokukunceda ufikelele kubaphulaphuli bakho ekujoliswe kubo. Abaguquleli abaziingcali banokukunceda uqonde inkcubeko kunye namasiko asekuhlaleni ukuze ukwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle nabathengi kunye namaqabane kwimarike yakho entsha.

Ngokuvula ulwimi Lweadriatic ngenguqulelo yesicroatia, unokuvula amathuba amatsha okukhula kunye nempumelelo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia zinokukunceda ukuvala izikhewu zolwimi nezenkcubeko ukuze wabelane ngomyalezo wakho nehlabathi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasecroatia?

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ecroatia, Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, nakwiindawo Zaseserbia, Emontenegro Naseslovenia. Ikwathethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezithile ezincinci Eostriya, Ehungary, E-Itali Naseromania.

Ziziphi iilwimi ezisemthethweni zasecroatia?

Ulwimi lwasecroatia Lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic oluneengcambu zalo kwinkulungwane ye-11. Yayisetyenziswa ngamacroats okuqala, Abantu Basemzantsi Slavic abahlala kwindawo ngoku eyicroatia Kumaxesha Aphakathi. Ulwimi oluvela Kwicawa Yakudala Islavonic, ulwimi lwembali olusetyenziswa ngabantu Baseslavic Basempuma Yurophu.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, icroatia yaqalisa ukuthabatha uhlobo olwahlukileyo yaye kamva yasetyenziswa kuncwadi, nakwezinye iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, icroatia yafumana umlinganiselo othile wokubekwa emgangathweni ngokupapashwa kwesichazi-magama esibalulekileyo sasecroatia.
Ekugqibeleni, icroatia yakha inxalenye Yobukhosi Base-Austria-Hungarian kwaye yafumana umgangatho ophezulu ngexesha le-19th century, ifana kakhulu nolwimi lwaseserbia. Emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi I, kwasekwa Ubukumkani baseserbia, Basecroats naseslovenes, kamva ababebizwa Ngokuba Yiyugoslavia. Icroatia yahlala ingatshintshanga de yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasecroatia ngo-1991 kunye nesibhengezo sobu-independence.
Ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwaqhubeka luguquka, kunye neenguqu ezenziwe ukupela, iziphumlisi, kunye namagama amatsha afakwe kwisichazi-magama. Namhlanje, icroatia kuthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-5.5 abahlala Ecroatia, Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, Eserbia, Eostriya, Ehungary, Eitali Naseswitzerland.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasecroatia?

1. Umarko Marulić (1450-1524) - Ithathelwa Ingqalelo ukuba ibe nguyise weencwadi zanamhlanje zasecroatia kwaye ingqalelo yokuqala enkulu umbhali wasecroatia, Umarulić waqulunqa imisebenzi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kuquka imibongo,idrama, kunye nenkolo. Owona msebenzi wakhe udumileyo Ngujudita, umbongo obalaseleyo osekwe Kwincwadi Yetestamente Endala Kajudith.
2. U-Ivan Gundulić ( 1589-1638) - imbongi eyaziwayo eyabhala i-national epic Osman, kunye ne-play dubravka. Wayengomnye wababhali bokuqala basecroatia ukubandakanya izinto zolwimi lwasecroatia kwimisebenzi yakhe.
3. Držić (1508-1567) - Držić widely lunxulumano njengoko wokuqala Croatian dramatist kwaye umseki we-Croatian theatre. Imidlalo yakhe ihlala ibonisa uburharha obumnyama, i-satire, kunye nemvakalelo enamandla yokuqonda kwesizwe.
4. Umatija Antun Riković (1735-1810) - Uriković ubizwa ngokuba ngowokuqala ukubhala ngolwimi lwesicroatia, okwenza kube lula ukuba abantu baqonde kwaye bafunde. Kwakhona wabhala iincwadi ezininzi, amaphecana, namanqaku athetha ngemixholo eyahlukahlukeneyo efana nesayensi, intanda-bulumko nezobupolitika.
5. Petar Preradović (1818-1872) - Preradović ubekwa ngokubanzi njenge "Croatian Byron" kwimibongo yakhe yothando kunye nemibongo yokuthand ' izwe. Ukhunjulwa ngokukhuthaza umanyano lwesizwe, ngakumbi phakathi kwamacandelo amabini Ecroatia, kunye negalelo lakhe kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasecroatia.

Njani ulwimi lwesicroatia?

Ulwimi lwasecroatia lulwimi Lwase-Indo-European kwaye luyinxalenye Yeqela Lolwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic. Inesakhiwo esifanayo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, ezinje ngesibulgaria, isiczech, isipolish nesirashiya. Izenzi zasecroatia zidibaniswa ngokomntu kunye nexesha elide, izibizo kunye nezichazi ziyancitshiswa ngokwesini, inombolo kunye necala, kwaye kukho iimeko ezintandathu zegrama. Isebenzisa ialfabhethi yesilatini kwaye inkqubo yayo yokubhala ifonemic, oko kuthetha ukuba unobumba ngamnye uhambelana nesandi esinye.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasecroatia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko: kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olusisiseko lwegrama, ukubizwa kwamagama kunye noonobumba besicroatia ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda ulwimi. Qala ngencwadi elungileyo okanye ikhosi, njengepimsleur okanye Uzifundise isicroatia.
2. Mamela i-podcasts yasecroatia: Ukumamela iipodcasts zasecroatia kunye nemiboniso yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda kunye nokuqhelana nolwimi. Zininzi iividiyo Zeyoutube ezinezifundo ezithile ngokubiza kunye negrama-bukela kangangoko unako!
3. Ukuziqhelanisa nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuthetha nesithethi somthonyama yenye yeendlela eziluncedo nezonwabisayo zokufunda ulwimi. Unokufumana ngokulula iqabane lolwimi kwi-intanethi okanye kwisixeko sakho.
4. Funda iincwadi zasecroatia: Fumana iincwadi, amanqaku kunye neemagazini ngesicroatia kwaye uzifunde rhoqo. Zama ukufumana uhlobo olukufaneleyo kwaye uqale ukufunda!
5. Sebenzisa ii-flashcards ukuze ufunde isigama: Ii-Flashcards ziyithuluzi elihle xa kuziwa ekufundeni amagama amatsha, ngokukodwa kwiilwimi ezifana nesicroatia apho kukho amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo kwinto efanayo.
6. Zibhaptize: eyona ndlela yokuqonda ulwimi kukuzifaka kuyo-yiya Ecroatia ukuba unako, okanye ubukele iimovie kwaye umamele umculo ecroatia.
7. Ukufunda i-croatia kunokuba ngamava amnandi kwaye anomvuzo - qiniseka ukuba uyayonwabela inkqubo kwaye ungabeki uxinzelelo olukhulu kuwe.

Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Eindonesia luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-75. Olu lwimi lunembali ende, yaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani labantu abalufundayo liye landa. Ngaloo ndlela, abaguquleli abatyibilikayo Kwijavanese bafunwa kakhulu.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni Kwejavanese, ukuchaneka kunye nemvakalelo yenkcubeko kubaluleke kakhulu. Abaguquleli kufuneka baqonde iinkcubeko zolwimi kwaye bakwazi ukudlulisela ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo kunye nokusebenzisa amagama afanelekileyo. Nangona ukuguqulelwa komatshini kuya kuthandwa ngakumbi, akunakuyibamba ngokwenene imibono ekhethekileyo yolwimi. Ke ngoko, abaguquleli abangabantu abaqeqeshiweyo basabonwa njengolona khetho lufanelekileyo.

I-Javanese grammar ingaba nzima ukufunda nokuqonda, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana umntu olwazi kakuhle ulwimi. Abaguquleli bejavanese abaqeqeshiweyo bafanele baluqonde kakuhle ulwimi, isithethe salo, nemibono yeziyelelane. Kufuneka babe nolwazi olucokisekileyo lomxholo wesicatshulwa ekufuneka siguqulelwe, njengoko isigama kunye nokusetyenziswa kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli weprojekthi yakho, kubalulekile ukucela izikhombisi kunye neesampuli zomsebenzi wabo. Oku kuya kukunceda uhlole izakhono zakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba zilungele iprojekthi yakho. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuba ubuza abaguquleli malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yabucala abanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lwakho luhlala lukhuselekile.

Ngomguquleli onamava nethembekileyo, unokuqiniseka ukuba ufumana ezona nguqulelo zichanekileyo nezibuthathaka zenkcubeko ezikhoyo. Nokuba ufuna iinguqulelo Zejavanese zeshishini, ezomthetho okanye ezobuqu, umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo uya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho udluliselwa ngokuthembeka.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasejavanese?

I-Javanese lulwimi lwabantu basejavanese, ngokuyinhloko bahlala kwisiqithi Sasejava E-Indonesia. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo Zasesuriname, Esingapore, Emalaysia Nasenew Caledonia.

Yintoni Ijavascript?

Ulwimi Lwasejavanese lolona lwimi Luthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-85, ubukhulu becala kwisiqithi Sasejava Saseindonesia. Yenye yeelwimi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kusapho lweelwimi Zase-Australia, oluthethwa ikakhulu kwiziqithi zaseindonesia.
I-Javanese inembali ende kwaye ityebile, kunye neerekhodi zobukho bayo obubuyela kwi-12th century ce. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kukholelwa ukuba iye yaphenjelelwa kakhulu Sisisanskrit, Isitamil, Nesibalinese, kunye nezinye iilwimi Zaseostreliya. Le mpembelelo isabonakala ngokucacileyo kulwimi namhlanje, kunye namagama amaninzi amkelwe kwezi lwimi zakudala.
Kule mihla, Ijavanese ithethwa ikakhulu Kumbindi Nasempuma Java kwaye ikwayilwimi lwengingqi. Isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezisesikweni, kubandakanya ukusasazwa kweendaba kunye nonxibelelwano lukarhulumente, ngelixa i-colloquially isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengolwimi lwendabuko ngabahlali. I-Javanese nayo ifundiswa kwezinye izikolo, ikakhulukazi Kwi-Central And East Java.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasejavanese?

1. Uraden Adjeng Kartini (1879-1904): umfazi Wasejavanese owabhala ngokubanzi malunga nokuxhatshazwa kwabasetyhini kunye namalungelo abo kuluntu Lwasejavanese kunye nenkcubeko. Uthathwa njengovulindlela kwi-feminist movement, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-canon yeencwadi zasejavanese.
2. I-Pangeran Diponegoro (1785-1855): inkosana Yasejavanese kunye nenkokeli yezempi eyayikhokela ukuvukela ngempumelelo kwi-dutch colonial regime ngo-1825. Iingcamango zakhe kunye nemibhalo yakhe ibe negalelo elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kobuzwe Basejavanese.
3. I-RA Wiranatakusumah IV (1809-1851): i-intellectual yasejavanese yokuqala, umbhali kunye neelwimi ezijongene nokuphuhlisa inkqubo yokubhala Yasejavanese. Wabhala kwakhona iincwadi ezininzi malunga nenkcubeko yasejavanese kunye neencwadi.
4. Ii. Ii.Mm. I-Ronggowarsito (1822-1889): unozakuzaku Wasejavanese, umbhali kunye nembongi ebhala ngokubanzi kuluntu Lwasejavanese, imbali kunye nenkcubeko. Ukhuluma ngokubhalwa kwenkondlo eyaziwayo Yasejavanese Userat Centhini.
5. Umas Marco Kartodikromo (1894-1966): umphengululi owaziwayo Wasejavanese ophanda kwaye wabhala ngokubanzi ngolwimi Lwasejavanese, uncwadi, amasiko kunye nezithethe. Isichazi-magama sasemzantsi Afrika esilwimi-ntathu kushicilelo-magama, incwadi yokuqala ebhalwe kwinkqubo yokubhala yasejavanese.

Uyenza Njani Ijavascript?

Ulwimi Lwasejavanese lilungu losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Australia, olunxulumene Nesiindonesia kunye nezinye iilwimi ezithethwa Kumazantsi Mpuma Easia. Njengeelwimi ezininzi zalo mmandla, Ijavanese lulwimi olwahlukileyo; oko kukuthi, inezinto ezimbalwa zokungena kwaye amagama awadibananga nezimaphambili, izimamva, kunye nolunye utshintsho ukwenza iintsingiselo ezintsha. Izibizo aziphawulwanga ngesini, ubuninzi, kunye netyala, kunye nokudityaniswa kwesenzi kulula. Ukongeza, ngenxa yobudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi Kwejavanese Neindonesia, amagama amaninzi asisiseko kunye namabinzana kwabelwana ngawo phakathi kweelwimi ezimbini.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwasejavanese ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana inkqubo yolwimi lwejavanese okanye umhlohli. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, fumana enye egxile ekufundiseni ulwimi kwimeko yenkcubeko ukuze uqonde imeko yenkcubeko kunye nemiba yolwimi.
2. Qiniseka ukuba ukhetha inkqubo esebenzisa iindlela zokufunda zale mihla, ezinje ngezifundo zevidiyo, iifayile zomsindo, kunye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo.
3. Ukutyala imali kwizinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu zolwimi Lwasejavanese, ezinjengeencwadi zezifundo, izichazi-magama neencwadi zencoko.
4. Zifumanele iqabane lolwimi Lwasejavanese, njengesithethi somthonyama okanye umntu ofunda ulwimi.
5. Beka ixesha kunye nomzamo wokuziqhelanisa kunye nokuphononongwa rhoqo.
6. Joyina uluntu lwe-intanethi okanye amaqela apho unokuncokola nabanye abafundi kunye nezithethi zomthonyama Ngesijavanese.
7. Zibekele usukelo onokulufikelela ngokulula.
8. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yiya Kwijava kwaye uzicwilise kulwimi nenkcubeko.