I-croatian Isidutch Guqulela

Xhosa: Ukuvala ulwimi Edit

Icroatia lulwimi olusemthethweni Ecroatia Nasebosnia-Herzegovina, kodwa ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci abambalwa basecroatia Eserbia, Emontenegro, kumazwe angabamelwane, nakwihlabathi liphela. Yingakho abaninzi abantu kunye namashishini baguqulela iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi.

Icroatia lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic kwaye iboleka kakhulu kwiingcambu zesilatini Nesijamani. Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Ecroatia kunye nolwimi olusemthethweni oluncinci Ebosnia-Herzegovina. Icroatia yinxalenye Yosapho Lweelwimi Zase-Indo-European kwaye yabelana ngengcambu eqhelekileyo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic ezinje ngesirashiya, isipolish, kunye nesiczech.

Ngenxa yeengcambu zayo ezabelwana ngazo, isicroatia kulula ukuba izithethi zezinye iilwimi Zeslavic zifunde. Yabelana ngokufana okuninzi kwigrama kunye nesakhiwo sesivakalisi. Kukho kanjalo ezininzi yenkcubeko similarities phakathi Slavic amazwe ukuba yenza ukuqonda Croatian lula kuba abo kunye ulwazi Ezinye Slavic iilwimi.

Kulabo abangenawo amava kunye nezinye iilwimi zeslavic, isicroatia sisenokuba lula ukuyifumana. Ngenxa yempembelelo yayo yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo, icroatia iboleka amagama kwezinye iilwimi kwaye inenani elikhulu lemali mboleko. I-croatia ine-alfabhethi yefowuni, eyenza kube lula ukufunda kunezinye iilwimi.

Icroatia nayo ineelwimi ezininzi ezahlukileyo ngokusekwe kwindawo ekuyo, kunye nezinto zentlalo kunye nenkcubeko. Ezi lwimi zinokwahluka ngesigama nangesibizo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zithethwa nini yaye phi.

Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwiinguqulelo zesicroatia kukusebenzisa umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo otyibilikayo kulwimi kwaye aqhelene neziyelelane. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile, luyaqondakala kwaye alunazimpazamo. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo banokubonelela ngomxholo owongezelelweyo kunye nolwazi lwenkcubeko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia zinokunceda ukuvala umsantsa wolwimi kwaye zizise ishishini lakho okanye imveliso kwiimarike ezintsha. Nokuba ufuna ukuguqulela amaxwebhu, iincwadana, iiwebhusayithi, okanye umxholo, ingcali efanelekileyo inokukunceda ufikelele kubaphulaphuli bakho ekujoliswe kubo. Abaguquleli abaziingcali banokukunceda uqonde inkcubeko kunye namasiko asekuhlaleni ukuze ukwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle nabathengi kunye namaqabane kwimarike yakho entsha.

Ngokuvula ulwimi Lweadriatic ngenguqulelo yesicroatia, unokuvula amathuba amatsha okukhula kunye nempumelelo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zasecroatia zinokukunceda ukuvala izikhewu zolwimi nezenkcubeko ukuze wabelane ngomyalezo wakho nehlabathi.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwasecroatia?

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Ecroatia, Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, nakwiindawo Zaseserbia, Emontenegro Naseslovenia. Ikwathethwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezithile ezincinci Eostriya, Ehungary, E-Itali Naseromania.

Ziziphi iilwimi ezisemthethweni zasecroatia?

Ulwimi lwasecroatia Lulwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic oluneengcambu zalo kwinkulungwane ye-11. Yayisetyenziswa ngamacroats okuqala, Abantu Basemzantsi Slavic abahlala kwindawo ngoku eyicroatia Kumaxesha Aphakathi. Ulwimi oluvela Kwicawa Yakudala Islavonic, ulwimi lwembali olusetyenziswa ngabantu Baseslavic Basempuma Yurophu.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, icroatia yaqalisa ukuthabatha uhlobo olwahlukileyo yaye kamva yasetyenziswa kuncwadi, nakwezinye iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, icroatia yafumana umlinganiselo othile wokubekwa emgangathweni ngokupapashwa kwesichazi-magama esibalulekileyo sasecroatia.
Ekugqibeleni, icroatia yakha inxalenye Yobukhosi Base-Austria-Hungarian kwaye yafumana umgangatho ophezulu ngexesha le-19th century, ifana kakhulu nolwimi lwaseserbia. Emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi I, kwasekwa Ubukumkani baseserbia, Basecroats naseslovenes, kamva ababebizwa Ngokuba Yiyugoslavia. Icroatia yahlala ingatshintshanga de yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasecroatia ngo-1991 kunye nesibhengezo sobu-independence.
Ukususela ngoko, ulwimi luye lwaqhubeka luguquka, kunye neenguqu ezenziwe ukupela, iziphumlisi, kunye namagama amatsha afakwe kwisichazi-magama. Namhlanje, icroatia kuthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezi-5.5 abahlala Ecroatia, Ebosnia Naseherzegovina, Eserbia, Eostriya, Ehungary, Eitali Naseswitzerland.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasecroatia?

1. Umarko Marulić (1450-1524) - Ithathelwa Ingqalelo ukuba ibe nguyise weencwadi zanamhlanje zasecroatia kwaye ingqalelo yokuqala enkulu umbhali wasecroatia, Umarulić waqulunqa imisebenzi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kuquka imibongo,idrama, kunye nenkolo. Owona msebenzi wakhe udumileyo Ngujudita, umbongo obalaseleyo osekwe Kwincwadi Yetestamente Endala Kajudith.
2. U-Ivan Gundulić ( 1589-1638) - imbongi eyaziwayo eyabhala i-national epic Osman, kunye ne-play dubravka. Wayengomnye wababhali bokuqala basecroatia ukubandakanya izinto zolwimi lwasecroatia kwimisebenzi yakhe.
3. Držić (1508-1567) - Držić widely lunxulumano njengoko wokuqala Croatian dramatist kwaye umseki we-Croatian theatre. Imidlalo yakhe ihlala ibonisa uburharha obumnyama, i-satire, kunye nemvakalelo enamandla yokuqonda kwesizwe.
4. Umatija Antun Riković (1735-1810) - Uriković ubizwa ngokuba ngowokuqala ukubhala ngolwimi lwesicroatia, okwenza kube lula ukuba abantu baqonde kwaye bafunde. Kwakhona wabhala iincwadi ezininzi, amaphecana, namanqaku athetha ngemixholo eyahlukahlukeneyo efana nesayensi, intanda-bulumko nezobupolitika.
5. Petar Preradović (1818-1872) - Preradović ubekwa ngokubanzi njenge "Croatian Byron" kwimibongo yakhe yothando kunye nemibongo yokuthand ' izwe. Ukhunjulwa ngokukhuthaza umanyano lwesizwe, ngakumbi phakathi kwamacandelo amabini Ecroatia, kunye negalelo lakhe kuphuhliso lolwimi lwasecroatia.

Njani ulwimi lwesicroatia?

Ulwimi lwasecroatia lulwimi Lwase-Indo-European kwaye luyinxalenye Yeqela Lolwimi Lwasemzantsi Slavic. Inesakhiwo esifanayo nezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, ezinje ngesibulgaria, isiczech, isipolish nesirashiya. Izenzi zasecroatia zidibaniswa ngokomntu kunye nexesha elide, izibizo kunye nezichazi ziyancitshiswa ngokwesini, inombolo kunye necala, kwaye kukho iimeko ezintandathu zegrama. Isebenzisa ialfabhethi yesilatini kwaye inkqubo yayo yokubhala ifonemic, oko kuthetha ukuba unobumba ngamnye uhambelana nesandi esinye.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasecroatia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko: kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olusisiseko lwegrama, ukubizwa kwamagama kunye noonobumba besicroatia ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda ulwimi. Qala ngencwadi elungileyo okanye ikhosi, njengepimsleur okanye Uzifundise isicroatia.
2. Mamela i-podcasts yasecroatia: Ukumamela iipodcasts zasecroatia kunye nemiboniso yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokufunda kunye nokuqhelana nolwimi. Zininzi iividiyo Zeyoutube ezinezifundo ezithile ngokubiza kunye negrama-bukela kangangoko unako!
3. Ukuziqhelanisa nesithethi somthonyama: Ukuthetha nesithethi somthonyama yenye yeendlela eziluncedo nezonwabisayo zokufunda ulwimi. Unokufumana ngokulula iqabane lolwimi kwi-intanethi okanye kwisixeko sakho.
4. Funda iincwadi zasecroatia: Fumana iincwadi, amanqaku kunye neemagazini ngesicroatia kwaye uzifunde rhoqo. Zama ukufumana uhlobo olukufaneleyo kwaye uqale ukufunda!
5. Sebenzisa ii-flashcards ukuze ufunde isigama: Ii-Flashcards ziyithuluzi elihle xa kuziwa ekufundeni amagama amatsha, ngokukodwa kwiilwimi ezifana nesicroatia apho kukho amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo kwinto efanayo.
6. Zibhaptize: eyona ndlela yokuqonda ulwimi kukuzifaka kuyo-yiya Ecroatia ukuba unako, okanye ubukele iimovie kwaye umamele umculo ecroatia.
7. Ukufunda i-croatia kunokuba ngamava amnandi kwaye anomvuzo - qiniseka ukuba uyayonwabela inkqubo kwaye ungabeki uxinzelelo olukhulu kuwe.

Inetherlands likhaya labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-17, kwaye idatshi lulwimi olusemthethweni oluthethwa yinkoliso yaba bantu. Nokuba ujonge ukwenza ishishini Ewarsaw okanye ufuna nje ukwenza amava akho okuhamba abe mnandi ngakumbi, ukuqonda isidatshi kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima.

Ngethamsanqa, kukho iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulela ezifumanekayo ukukunceda ufumane uninzi lweemfuno zakho zonxibelelwano zasedatshi. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zokukunceda uthathe isigqibo sokuba loluphi ukhetho olulungele wena:

1. Iinguqulelo zomatshini:

Iinguqulelo zomatshini ezinje Ngegoogle Translate zinika iinguqulelo ezikhawulezayo, ezilula ngokuchaneka okufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengawo nawuphi na umatshini wokuguqulela, unokufuna ukulumkela iimpazamo zegrama kunye ne-syntax okanye ukutolika okungachanekanga kombhalo wakho wokuqala.

2. Abaguquleli abazimeleyo:

Abaguquleli abazimele banokunikela ngezinga eliphezulu lokuchaneka kwaye bahlala bebiza kakhulu ekuguquleleni amanani amancinci okubhaliweyo. Qiniseka ukuba ujonga umsebenzi odlulileyo wawo nawuphi na umguquleli onokubakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wabo uyahlangabezana nemigangatho yakho.

3. Iinkonzo zeelwimi zobungcali:

Ukuba ufuna isixa esikhulu sesicatshulwa esiguqulelwe ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo, ukuqesha inkampani yenkonzo yeelwimi kunokuba sisigqibo sobulumko. Ezi nkampani ziqesha abaguquleli abanamava kwaye zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umsebenzi ugqityiwe ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha.

Nokuba yeyiphi inkonzo yokuguqulela oyikhethayo, soloko ukhumbula ukusebenzisa isithethi somthonyama sasedatshi ukuba kunokwenzeka. Izithethi zomthonyama ziqhelene ngakumbi nokwahluka kwengingqi kulwimi, kwaye ziya kuba nokuqonda okungcono kweempawu zenkcubeko.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesidatshi zinokukunceda usebenzise onke amathuba Anokubonelelwa Yinetherlands. Nokuba ufuna ukuguqulela amaxwebhu eshishini, umxholo wewebhusayithi, okanye nayiphi na enye into, usebenzisa umboneleli ngenkonzo yolwimi oqeqeshiweyo unokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ezona nguqulelo zisemgangathweni.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesidatshi?

Ulwimi lwesidatshi luthethwa ikakhulu Enetherlands, Ebelgium Nasesuriname. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo Zasefransi Nasejamani, kunye nakumazwe ahlukeneyo Ecaribbean Nasepacific island, Njengearuba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Saba, St. Eustatius, Kunye Ne-Dutch Antilles. Amaqela amancinci ezithethi zesidatshi anokufumaneka kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya ecanada, Eunited States, Eostreliya, Enew Zealand, Eindonesia, Emzantsi Afrika, nangaphezulu.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesidatshi?

Ulwimi lwesidatshi Lulwimi Lwasentshona Jamani olusuka kwingingqi yakudala yasefrank yasefrisia. Inxulumene Ngokusondeleyo Nesijamani Esisezantsi nesingesi, kwaye isetyenziswe Enetherlands ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-12. Ifomu ebhaliweyo ebhaliweyo yesidatshi yaphuhliswa ngexesha le-16 leminyaka kwaye yasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke ilizwe. Ngenkulungwane ye-17, yayisele ilolona lwimi luphambili kummandla wolwimi lwesidatshi, oquka Inetherlands, Iflanders ebelgium Nesuriname Emzantsi Merika. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali basedatshi ngenkulungwane ye-17 neye-18, ulwimi lwasasazeka kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, kubandakanya I-Indonesia, Umzantsi afrika Kunye Necaribbean. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, amadatshi ayesebenza njengolwimi lwasempuma Indies nakumazibuko Asemzantsi Afrika. Emva Kwemfazwe YEHLABATHI II, ukufudukela kwamanye amazwe athetha isingesi kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwesingesi Enetherlands, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwenani lezithethi zasedatshi. Nangona kunjalo, ulwimi luhlala luthethwa ngokubanzi, ngakumbi Enetherlands Nasebelgium, kwaye lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwe-European Union.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesidatshi?

1. Udesiderius Erasmus (1466-1536): wakhuthaza inguqulelo yolwimi lwesidatshi, kwaye unikwa imbeko ngokunceda ukuzisa Ixesha Legolide loncwadi lwesidatshi.
2. Ujoost van Den Vondel (1587-1679): wayengumdlali odlalayo owabhala kwiintlobo ezininzi, kwaye uthathwa njengenye yamanani abalulekileyo kwiincwadi zesidatshi.
3. Usimon Stevin (1548-1620): wabhala ngokubanzi kwimathematika kunye nobunjineli, kwaye wayedume ngomsebenzi wakhe wobuvulindlela ekudumiseni ulwimi lwesidatshi kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo.
4. Ujacob Cats (1577-1660): wayeyimbongi, imvumi kunye ne-statesman, kwaye wancedisa ukuphuhlisa ulwimi lwesidatshi ngokumisela igrama kunye ne-syntax.
5. Ujan de Witt (1625-1672): wayengumntu obalulekileyo kwezopolitiko Enetherlands, kwaye udunyiswa ngokuphuhlisa ulwimi lwezopolitiko lwasedatshi.

Ulwakhiwo njani ulwimi Dutch?

Ubume bolwimi lwesidatshi yindibaniselwano yeempembelelo Zombini Zesijamani Kunye Nezothando. Lulwimi oluchaphazelekileyo olunamadoda amathathu egrama, amanani amathathu, kunye namatyala amane. Ifom yayo ebhaliweyo ilandela imigaqo efanayo ngokubanzi njengesijamani okanye isingesi, kunye nezivakalisi eziqukethe isihloko, isigidimi kunye nento. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthethwa, ulwimi lwesidatshi ludla ngokufutshane, luxhomekeke kumyalelo wegama kunye nomxholo ukudlulisela intsingiselo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesidatshi ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufunda iziseko. Funda ialfabhethi yesidatshi, ukubiza amagama kwaye uqhelane namagama aqhelekileyo kunye namabinzana.
2. Mamela umculo wasedatshi, ubukele iimuvi zasedatshi kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude, kwaye ufunde iincwadi zesidatshi kunye namaphephandaba ukuze uqhelane nolwimi.
3. Thatha ikhosi yamadatshi. Ukuthatha iklasi kuya kukunceda wakhe isiseko sakho kunye nokuzithemba ekuthetheni nasekuqondeni isidatshi.
4. Thatha ithuba lezixhobo zokufunda ezikwi-intanethi kunye neeapps ezinje Ngeduolingo Kunye Nerosetta Stone.
5. Ziqhelise ukuthetha nesithethi somthonyama kwaye ubacele ukuba balungise naziphi na iimpazamo ozenzayo. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda ukuthetha nokuqonda ulwimi ngokuchanekileyo.
6. Zibophelele ekusebenziseni ulwimi. Bekela bucala ixesha suku ngalunye lokuziqhelanisa nokufunda nokuthetha isidatshi.
7. Yonwaba! Ukufunda ulwimi olutsha kufuneka lube mnandi kwaye lube mnandi. Zama iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye ufumane ukuba yeyiphi esebenza ngcono kuwe.