Isialbania Isi-Italian Guqulela

Ialbania ekumbindi Mpuma Yurophu, isialbania iye yaba yenye yezona lwimi zithethwa kakhulu kulo mmandla. Olu lwimi lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni lweli lizwe kwaye luthethwa ngabemi abaqhelekileyo kunye nabasebenzi bamashishini kunye nabasebenzi bakarhulumente. Ekubeni iingcambu zayo zibuyela kwinkulungwane ye-10 yaye abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-7,2 abathetha olu lwimi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesialbania ziye zaba yinto efunekayo kumashishini nakumaziko amaninzi.

Iinguqulelo zesialbania zinika uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo, ezinje ngeenguqulelo zamaxwebhu asemthethweni, ukwenziwa kwewebhusayithi, iinguqulelo ezifungelweyo, kunye nokunye. Kunokuba nzima kumashishini nakwimibutho ukuba inxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo xa isebenzisa ulwimi lwabo lwenkobe, ke iinkonzo zetoliki kunye nomguquleli zibaluleke kakhulu. Iitoliki zibonelela ngeenguqulelo zexesha lokwenyani, zivumela iingcali ukuba zinxibelelane ngolwimi olukhethileyo. Kwelinye icala, abaguquleli bathabatha amaxwebhu abhaliweyo baze bawaguqulele kolunye ulwimi, benikela ngeenguqulelo ezinokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Xa uqwalasela nayiphi na inkonzo yokuguqulela, ubani umele aqale acinge ngeziqinisekiso namava awo. Iitoliki eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nabaguquleli kufuneka bazi ngokutyibilikayo isingesi nesialbania, kunye nolwazi malunga neenkcubeko kunye namasiko asekuhlaleni. Iingcali eziqinisekisiweyo nazo kufuneka zibe nolwazi olunzulu malunga nomxholo abaguqulela kuwo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho kwiinguqulelo.

Amashishini kunye namaziko afuna ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesialbania kufuneka afune iingcali zeelwimi ezinezakhono ezingapheleli nje ekubeni nobuchule kulwimi kodwa kunye namava ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo abaziguqulelayo. Olu lwazi kunye nolwazi lubalulekile kuguqulelo oluchanekileyo. Ukongeza, amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele ngokusondeleyo iminikelo yenkonzo yobuqu yenkampani, irekhodi lokoneliseka kwabathengi, kunye namaxabiso afanelekileyo.

Inguqulelo yobungcali yezixhobo ezibhaliweyo sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini anqwenela ukuvala umqobo wolwimi kwaye afikelele kubathengi ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Nokuba yeyentengiso, intengiso, okanye amaxwebhu, iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo zezinto zasealbania zixabiseke kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na intlangano yezizwe ngezizwe.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isialbania?

Ulwimi lwasealbania luthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezisi-7 njengolwimi lomthonyama, ikakhulu Ealbania Nasekosovo, nakweminye imimandla Yebalkans, kubandakanya imimandla Esemantla Emacedonia, Emontenegro, Egrisi Naseitali.

Liliphi igama isialbania livela phi?

Ulwimi lwesialbania lunembali ende kwaye intsonkothile. Abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba iyinzala yolwimi lwentlambo yamandulo, eyaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Illyrian, eyathethwa kwingingqi Yebalkans ngaphambi kwexesha Lamaroma. Ialbania ingqinwa okokuqala kwiirekhodi ezibhaliweyo ngexesha lamaxesha Aphakathi, kodwa iingcambu zayo zibuyela umva ngakumbi. Ebudeni bexesha Lama-ottoman, ngokuyintloko isialbania sasilulwimi oluthethwayo, yaye ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuncwadi lwalulinganiselwe kwivesi neengoma zabantu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwaphuhliswa kwaza kwasetyenziswa uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesialbania ezikolweni, kumaphephandaba nakwiincwadi zonqulo. Ukususela ekufumaneni inkululeko Kubukhosi base-Ottoman ngo-1912, Ialbania iye yaqaphela isialbania njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesialbania?

1. Ugjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg (malunga no – 1405-1468): iqhawe lesizwe lasealbania kunye nomphathi-mkhosi okhulule Ialbania kulawulo Lwase-Ottoman. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngesialbania, enika ulwimi ukuthembeka.
2. Upashko Vasa (1764-1824): Patriot kunye nombhali owabhala enye yeencwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ealbania, "Umthendeleko weenkomo".
3. Usami Frashëri (1850-1904): imbongi nombhali Owaziwayo owayenegalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loncwadi lwangoku lwasealbania.
4. Luigj Gurakuki (1879-1925): educationalist abadumileyo albania, linguist kunye umbhali ngubani nempembelelo enkulu ekumgangatho kunye nokumanyana kweelwimi albania.
5. Unaim Frashëri (1846-1900): Imbongi, idrama kunye nombhali owayenegalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwangoku lwasealbania.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu basealbania?

Isialbania lulwimi lwentsapho Yase-Indo-European, inxalenye Ye-Balkan sprachbund. Izihlobo zayo ezisondeleyo zezinye iilwimi Zasebalkan sprachbund ezifana nesigrike nesimacedonia. Isiseko sasealbania sineelwimi ezimbini, I-Gheg Kunye Ne-Tosk, ezenziwe ngamacandelwana kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Olu lwimi lunezandi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka isialbania esibizwa ngokuba sisibindi. Ikwasebenzisa inkqubo entsonkothileyo yesibizo sokuhla, ukudityaniswa kwesenzi, kunye nesivumelwano phakathi kwezichazi kunye nezibizo. Isialbania lulwimi oluchaphazeleke kakhulu, olune-morphology etyebileyo kunye ne-syntax.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasealbania ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokuthenga ikhosi yolwimi olusisiseko lwesialbania okanye incwadi yesifundo kwaye uyifunde. Oku kuya kukunika isiseko esomeleleyo kwiziseko zolwimi.
2. Ziqhelise rhoqo. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha, uphulaphule, ufunde kwaye ubhale ngesialbania rhoqo.
3. Joyina ulwimi. Mamela iingoma zesialbania, bukela imiboniso kamabonwakude yasealbania kunye neemovie, kwaye ufumane izithethi zomthonyama zasealbania ukuba zincokole nazo.
4. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwi-intanethi. Joyina iforamu ekwi-intanethi yabafundi bolwimi, sebenzisa izifundo ezikwi-intanethi, kwaye ujonge amagama kunye nemithetho yegrama kwi-intanethi.
5. Thatha iklasi. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, cinga ngokuthatha iklasi yolwimi lwesialbania. Oku kunokuba yindlela enhle yokufumana uncedo kumfundisi onamava.

Isi-Italian yi beautiful ulwimi ukuba uzisa Romance Ka-Italy ebomini. Ikwayilwimi ebalulekileyo kumashishini nakwimibutho kwihlabathi liphela njengoko I-Itali iyindawo ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho nenkcubeko. Nokuba ufuna ukunxibelelana nabathengi, ukusebenzisana noogxa bakho, okanye ukuqonda amaxwebhu abhalwe ngesitaliyane, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokuqinisekisa unxibelelwano oluchanekileyo.

Uguqulelo olusuka kwisintaliyane ukuya kwisingesi, okanye ukusuka kwisingesi ukuya kwisitaliyane, ngumsebenzi onzima ofuna umguquleli onamava ukudlulisa ngokufanelekileyo izinto zolwimi. Umceli mngeni wokuqala xa uguqulela ukusuka kwisintaliyane ukuya kwisingesi okanye ukusuka kwisingesi ukuya kwisitaliyane yindlela eyahlukileyo yolwimi. Isivakalisi sesitaliyane sisoloko senziwe ngesifundo, into, kunye nesenzi sesenzo, silandelwa sisihlomelo okanye ezinye iziqinisekiso. Ngesingesi, ukulandelelana kwezi ndidi kudla ngokuguqulwa.

Omnye umceli mngeni ovela kwinguqulelo yesitaliyane kukwahluka kwengingqi kulwimi. Njengoko I-Itali ineelwimi ezininzi, abaguquleli abaninzi bagxininisa kwiilwimi ezithile zengingqi ukuze bakwazi ukubamba ngcono amabinzana enkcubeko awodwa region mmandla. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli abe nokuqonda kwamabinzana kunye nezicatshulwa ezihlala zisetyenziswa kwincoko yesitaliyane okanye ukubhala.

Ukongeza ekubeni nolwazi malunga nolwimi, abaguquleli abasebenzayo base-italiya kufuneka bazi malunga nenkcubeko kunye nembali yelizwe. Oku kubenza bakwazi ukutolika olu xwebhu kwimeko yalo yoqobo kwaye banike iinguqulelo ezinentsingiselo ngakumbi.

Ukukwazi ukuguqulela ngokuchanekileyo isitaliyane kunokuququzelela ukukhula kweshishini kwaye kwenza kube lula ukunxibelelana nabaphulaphuli behlabathi. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngobuchule ziyafumaneka ukunceda imibutho yoyise umqobo wolwimi ngoxa ilondoloza ubuhle bolwimi. Ukusebenzisana neqela elinamava lokuguqulela yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa unxibelelwano oluchanekileyo nolunentsingiselo ngesitaliyane.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesitaliyane?

Isitaliyane lulwimi olusemthethweni E-Itali, Isan Marino, Isixeko Sasevatican, kunye neendawo Zaseswitzerland. Ikwathethwa Ealbania, Emalta, Emonaco, Eslovenia Nasecroatia. Ukongezelela, kukho iindawo ezininzi ezithetha isitaliyane kwihlabathi lonke, kuquka kumazwe afana Ne-United States, Ifransi Ne-Argentina.

Ziziphi iintetho zesitaliyane?

Imbali yolwimi lwesitaliyane inde kwaye intsonkothile. Irekhodi lokuqala elibhaliweyo lasentaliyane libuyela kwikhulu le-9 AD, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba ulwimi luthethwe ngaphambili. Ulwimi lwasentaliyane lwavela kwiilwimi Zaselongobardic, ulwimi Lwasejamani oluthethwa Yilombards, abantu basejamani abangena kwi-peninsula yase-italiya kwi-6th century ad.
Ukususela ngekhulu le-9 ukuya kwe-14, isitaliyane savela kakhulu, ngokuphuhliswa kweelwimi zengingqi kulo lonke ipeninsula. Eli xesha labona ukuvela kolwimi Lwasetuscan, okanye 'Itoscana', eyaba sisiseko solwimi lwangoku lwase-italiya.
Ngenkulungwane ye-15, impembelelo yababhali abavela Eflorence, Eroma Nasevenice yakhokelela ekubekweni emgangathweni ngakumbi kolwimi. Ngeli xesha, amagama amaninzi asekelwe kwisilatini afakwe kwisigama solwimi, njenge-amoroso (othandekayo) kunye ne - 'dolce' (sweet).
Ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17, I-Itali yafumana ixesha lemveliso enkulu yoncwadi. Elona nani linempembelelo kweli xesha Yayingudante, Upetrarch Noboccaccio, imisebenzi yakhe yaba nefuthe elikhulu kulwimi.
Kwinkulungwane ye-19th, I-Itali yafumana inkqubo yokumanyana kwezopolitiko, kwaye ulwimi olutsha oluqhelekileyo, okanye "I-Italian Commune", yasekwa. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaseitali ngoku lusekwe kulwimi Lwasetuscan, ngenxa yelifa layo elidumileyo loncwadi.
Nangona imbali yayo ende, isitaliyane siselulwimi olusetyenziswa kwintetho yemihla ngemihla kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwasentaliyane?

1. Udante Alighieri (1265-1321): Uhlala ubizwa ngokuba "Nguyise wolwimi lwasentaliyane", Udante wabhala I-Comedy Divine kwaye ubizwa ngokuseka ulwimi Lwasetuscan njengesiseko sesitaliyane samanje.
2. Upetrarch (1304-1374): Imbongi yase-italiya kunye nomphengululi, Upetrarch ukhunjulwa ngempembelelo yakhe yobuntu kwaye uyanconywa ngokuqulunqa ifom ye-poetry. Wabhala kakhulu ngesitaliyane, enceda ukwenza ulwimi lube noncwadi ngakumbi.
3. Uboccaccio (1313-1375): umbhali wase-italiya wenkulungwane ye-14, Uboccaccio wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngesitaliyane, kubandakanya Idecameron kunye neetales ezivela kubomi Basest Francis. Umsebenzi wakhe wanceda ukwandisa isitaliyane ngaphaya kweelwimi zayo kunye nokudala ulwimi lweentlobo.
4. Uluigi pirandello (1867-1936): umdlali we-playwright Wenobel, Upirandello wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngesitaliyane ejongene nemixholo yokuhlukana kwentlalo kunye nokwesaba okukhoyo. Ukusebenzisa kwakhe ulwimi lwemihla ngemihla kwamnceda wenza ukuba ulwimi lusetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwaye luqondwe.
5. Ufoscolo (1778-1827): enye yezona zinto zinempembelelo kuthando lwasentaliyane, Ifoscolo yanceda ekubumbeni ulwimi lwesitaliyane samanje ngokupapasha ukusetyenziswa kwezicengcelezo, iimitha kunye nezinye iindibano zemibongo.

Uluphi ulwimi lwase-italiya?

Ulwimi lwasentaliyane lulwimi Lothando kwaye, njengezinye iilwimi Zothando, zakhiwe ngezenzi. Inomyalelo wegama Lesihloko-Isenzi-Into kwaye inenkqubo entsonkothileyo yeemeko kunye neemo zokubonisa elidlulileyo, langoku, kunye nekamva. Kuthathwa njengenye yeelwimi ezinzima kakhulu ukufunda, ngenxa yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nokuhlukana okucacileyo kwintsingiselo phakathi kwamagama.

Indlela yokufunda isi-Italian ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zibhaptize: eyona ndlela yokufunda ulwimi kukuzifaka kuyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kuthetha ukuva, ukuthetha, nokufunda ngesitaliyane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Fumana iifilimu zasentaliyane, iinkqubo ZETV, umculo, iincwadi kunye neengxoxo kunye nezithethi zomthonyama.
2. Fumana iziseko ezantsi: Funda iziseko zegrama yase-italiya, ngakumbi izenzi zesenzi, isini sesibizo, kunye neefom zesimelabizo. Qala ngengxoxo esisiseko njengokuzazisa, ukubuza nokuphendula imibuzo, kunye nokuvakalisa iimvakalelo.
3. Ziqhelise rhoqo: Ukufunda naluphi na ulwimi kufuna ukuzinikela kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Qiniseka ukuba uhlala uchitha ixesha ufunda kwaye uziqhelanisa nesitaliyane.
4. Sebenzisa izixhobo ngobulumko: Zininzi izibonelelo ezikhoyo zokukunceda ufunde isitaliyane. Thatha ithuba lekhosi yokufunda ulwimi kwi-intanethi, izichazi-magama, iincwadi zamabinzana kunye neencwadi zomsindo.
5. Hlala ukhuthazekile: Ukufunda naluphi na ulwimi kunokuba lucelomngeni. Zibekele usukelo oluncinane uze uzivuze xa ulufikelela. Bhiyozela inkqubela yakho!
6. Funda isi-Italian kubekho inkqubela ingaba fun kwaye cheerful. Yenza ukufunda fun yi-ukudlala ulwimi imidlalo okanye ubukele i-Italian cartoons. Uya kumangaliswa ukuba ufunda ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.