Isialbania I-malayalam Guqulela

Ialbania ekumbindi Mpuma Yurophu, isialbania iye yaba yenye yezona lwimi zithethwa kakhulu kulo mmandla. Olu lwimi lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni lweli lizwe kwaye luthethwa ngabemi abaqhelekileyo kunye nabasebenzi bamashishini kunye nabasebenzi bakarhulumente. Ekubeni iingcambu zayo zibuyela kwinkulungwane ye-10 yaye abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-7,2 abathetha olu lwimi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesialbania ziye zaba yinto efunekayo kumashishini nakumaziko amaninzi.

Iinguqulelo zesialbania zinika uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo, ezinje ngeenguqulelo zamaxwebhu asemthethweni, ukwenziwa kwewebhusayithi, iinguqulelo ezifungelweyo, kunye nokunye. Kunokuba nzima kumashishini nakwimibutho ukuba inxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo xa isebenzisa ulwimi lwabo lwenkobe, ke iinkonzo zetoliki kunye nomguquleli zibaluleke kakhulu. Iitoliki zibonelela ngeenguqulelo zexesha lokwenyani, zivumela iingcali ukuba zinxibelelane ngolwimi olukhethileyo. Kwelinye icala, abaguquleli bathabatha amaxwebhu abhaliweyo baze bawaguqulele kolunye ulwimi, benikela ngeenguqulelo ezinokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Xa uqwalasela nayiphi na inkonzo yokuguqulela, ubani umele aqale acinge ngeziqinisekiso namava awo. Iitoliki eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nabaguquleli kufuneka bazi ngokutyibilikayo isingesi nesialbania, kunye nolwazi malunga neenkcubeko kunye namasiko asekuhlaleni. Iingcali eziqinisekisiweyo nazo kufuneka zibe nolwazi olunzulu malunga nomxholo abaguqulela kuwo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho kwiinguqulelo.

Amashishini kunye namaziko afuna ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zokuguqulela zesialbania kufuneka afune iingcali zeelwimi ezinezakhono ezingapheleli nje ekubeni nobuchule kulwimi kodwa kunye namava ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo abaziguqulelayo. Olu lwazi kunye nolwazi lubalulekile kuguqulelo oluchanekileyo. Ukongeza, amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele ngokusondeleyo iminikelo yenkonzo yobuqu yenkampani, irekhodi lokoneliseka kwabathengi, kunye namaxabiso afanelekileyo.

Inguqulelo yobungcali yezixhobo ezibhaliweyo sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini anqwenela ukuvala umqobo wolwimi kwaye afikelele kubathengi ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Nokuba yeyentengiso, intengiso, okanye amaxwebhu, iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo zezinto zasealbania zixabiseke kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na intlangano yezizwe ngezizwe.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isialbania?

Ulwimi lwasealbania luthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezisi-7 njengolwimi lomthonyama, ikakhulu Ealbania Nasekosovo, nakweminye imimandla Yebalkans, kubandakanya imimandla Esemantla Emacedonia, Emontenegro, Egrisi Naseitali.

Liliphi igama isialbania livela phi?

Ulwimi lwesialbania lunembali ende kwaye intsonkothile. Abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba iyinzala yolwimi lwentlambo yamandulo, eyaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Illyrian, eyathethwa kwingingqi Yebalkans ngaphambi kwexesha Lamaroma. Ialbania ingqinwa okokuqala kwiirekhodi ezibhaliweyo ngexesha lamaxesha Aphakathi, kodwa iingcambu zayo zibuyela umva ngakumbi. Ebudeni bexesha Lama-ottoman, ngokuyintloko isialbania sasilulwimi oluthethwayo, yaye ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuncwadi lwalulinganiselwe kwivesi neengoma zabantu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwaphuhliswa kwaza kwasetyenziswa uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesialbania ezikolweni, kumaphephandaba nakwiincwadi zonqulo. Ukususela ekufumaneni inkululeko Kubukhosi base-Ottoman ngo-1912, Ialbania iye yaqaphela isialbania njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesialbania?

1. Ugjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg (malunga no – 1405-1468): iqhawe lesizwe lasealbania kunye nomphathi-mkhosi okhulule Ialbania kulawulo Lwase-Ottoman. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ngesialbania, enika ulwimi ukuthembeka.
2. Upashko Vasa (1764-1824): Patriot kunye nombhali owabhala enye yeencwadi zokuqala ezaziwayo ealbania, "Umthendeleko weenkomo".
3. Usami Frashëri (1850-1904): imbongi nombhali Owaziwayo owayenegalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loncwadi lwangoku lwasealbania.
4. Luigj Gurakuki (1879-1925): educationalist abadumileyo albania, linguist kunye umbhali ngubani nempembelelo enkulu ekumgangatho kunye nokumanyana kweelwimi albania.
5. Unaim Frashëri (1846-1900): Imbongi, idrama kunye nombhali owayenegalelo kuphuhliso loncwadi lwangoku lwasealbania.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu basealbania?

Isialbania lulwimi lwentsapho Yase-Indo-European, inxalenye Ye-Balkan sprachbund. Izihlobo zayo ezisondeleyo zezinye iilwimi Zasebalkan sprachbund ezifana nesigrike nesimacedonia. Isiseko sasealbania sineelwimi ezimbini, I-Gheg Kunye Ne-Tosk, ezenziwe ngamacandelwana kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Olu lwimi lunezandi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka isialbania esibizwa ngokuba sisibindi. Ikwasebenzisa inkqubo entsonkothileyo yesibizo sokuhla, ukudityaniswa kwesenzi, kunye nesivumelwano phakathi kwezichazi kunye nezibizo. Isialbania lulwimi oluchaphazeleke kakhulu, olune-morphology etyebileyo kunye ne-syntax.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwasealbania ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokuthenga ikhosi yolwimi olusisiseko lwesialbania okanye incwadi yesifundo kwaye uyifunde. Oku kuya kukunika isiseko esomeleleyo kwiziseko zolwimi.
2. Ziqhelise rhoqo. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha, uphulaphule, ufunde kwaye ubhale ngesialbania rhoqo.
3. Joyina ulwimi. Mamela iingoma zesialbania, bukela imiboniso kamabonwakude yasealbania kunye neemovie, kwaye ufumane izithethi zomthonyama zasealbania ukuba zincokole nazo.
4. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwi-intanethi. Joyina iforamu ekwi-intanethi yabafundi bolwimi, sebenzisa izifundo ezikwi-intanethi, kwaye ujonge amagama kunye nemithetho yegrama kwi-intanethi.
5. Thatha iklasi. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, cinga ngokuthatha iklasi yolwimi lwesialbania. Oku kunokuba yindlela enhle yokufumana uncedo kumfundisi onamava.

Imalayalam lulwimi oluthethwa Eindiya olunelifa elityebileyo lenkcubeko. Olu lwimi luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-35, Eindiya nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yokwanda kokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, ukubaluleka kweenkonzo zokuguqulela Emalayalam akunakubaxwa. Njengoko isidingo sonxibelelwano lweelwimi ezininzi sisanda, imibutho ikhangela abantu abafanelekileyo ukuba banike iinguqulelo Zesimalayalam ezinokuthenjwa nezichanekileyo.

Imalayalam lulwimi Lwe-Dravidian, oluneskripthi sayo. Lulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe Laseindiya Ikerala, kwaye yenye yeelwimi ezingama-23 ezaziwa Njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni Lwaseindiya. Njengezinye iilwimi, Imalayalam ikwanazo neenguqulelo ezithile ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi ethethwa kuyo. Ke ngoko, abo banqwenela ukungena kwicandelo lokuguqulela Lasemalayalam kufuneka, ke, babe nokuqonda okucokisekileyo kwezi nguqulelo zommandla.

Imfuno eyandayo yeenguqulelo Zemalayalam iqhutywa ngamashishini, imibutho yehlabathi, kunye neearhente zikarhulumente zonke ezifuna ukunxibelelana nabantu abakwimimandla ethetha Imalayalam. Oku kunokubandakanya nantoni na ukusuka ekudaleni izinto zokuthengisa Emalta, ukuguqulela amaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye nomxholo wewebhusayithi. Abaguquleli abafanelekayo Basemalayalam nabo banenzuzo eyongeziweyo ukuba baqonda izinto zenkcubeko ezinxulumene nolwimi, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwishishini kunye nokuthengisa.

Ukuze ube ngumguquleli ofanelekileyo Wesimalayalam, umntu kufuneka abe nomyalelo ogqwesileyo kubo Bobabini Isimalayalam (kuzo zonke iintlobo zayo) kunye nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo. Ngaphezu koko, izakhono zonxibelelwano ezinamandla, ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza kunye nexesha elibekiweyo ziimpawu ezibalulekileyo. Ukuba awunayo i-fluency yomthonyama kuzo zombini iilwimi, iqondo lokuguqulela okanye iilwimi lingaba luncedo, nangona oku akusoloko kuyimfuneko.

Njengoko imibutho ijolise ekuboneleleni ngeelwimi ezininzi, imfuno yabaguquleli Besimalayalam iya kuqhubeka inyuka. Ngezi ziqinisekiso zilungileyo, nabani na unokuba yinxalenye yeli shishini lidlamkileyo kwaye abe negalelo ekwenzeni ihlabathi liqhagamshelane ngakumbi.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalayalam?

Imalayalam ithethwa ikakhulu Eindiya, kwilizwe Lasekerala, nakwimimandla engabamelwane Basekarnataka Nasetamil Nadu. Ikwathethwa yi-diaspora encinci Ebahrain, Efiji, Kwasirayeli, Emalaysia, Eqatar, Esingapore, E-United Arab Emirates Nase-United Kingdom.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalayalam?

Ubungqina bokuqala oburekhodiweyo bolwimi Lwesimalayalam bufumaneka kwimisebenzi yabaphengululi benkulungwane ye-9 abanjengo-Irayanman Thampi, owabhala Iramacharitam. Ngenkulungwane ye-12, oku kwaguqukela ekubeni lulwimi lokubhala olusetyenziswa kuncwadi olusekelwe Kwisisanskrit noluxhaphakileyo kwimimandla esemazantsi Ekerala yanamhlanje.
Ukuqala malunga nekhulu le-14 iimbongi ezifana Namamalwar Kunye Nekulashekhara Alvar basebenzisa Imalayalam kwiingoma zabo zokuzinikela. Olu lwimi lwakuqala lwahlukile Kwisisanskrit Nesitamil. Iquka amagama avela kwezinye iilwimi kuquka Isizulu Nesikannada.
Ngenkulungwane ye-16, inguqulelo Kathunchaththu Ezhuthachan Yeramayana Nemahabharata isuka Kwisisanskrit isiya Emalayalam yalukhulisa ngakumbi olu lwimi. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezalandelayo, ababhali babhala iincwadi ngeelwimi Ezahlukahlukeneyo Zasemalayalam. Oku kwakhokelela ekuveleni Kwemalayalam yanamhlanje eyathatha amagama avela kwisiphuthukezi, isingesi, isifrentshi kunye nesidatshi.
Ukususela ngoko, Imalayalam ibe lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni ekerala kwaye isetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kubandakanya imfundo, urhulumente, amajelo eendaba kunye nenkolo. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza iintlobo ezintsha zoncwadi, ezinje ngemibongo, imidlalo, kunye namabali amafutshane, kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuvela kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesimalayalam?

1. U-Ezhuthachan (owaziwa Nangokuthi Uthunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan) – Imbongi Yokuqala enkulu yolimi Lwasemalayalam futhi yatholakala ngokudala isisekelo sencwadi Yesimanje Yasemalayalam.
2. I-Kumaran Asan - enye yeembongi ze-triumvirate zoncwadi lwangoku Lwemalayalam. Uyaziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe enjenge - 'Veena Poova', 'Nalini' kanye no - 'Chinthavishtayaya Shyamala'.
3. I-Parameswar Iyer-imbongi eyaziwayo Yasemalayalam eyaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuqala opapashwe 'Kavyaanushasanam'. Ukwathe unikwe ithuba lokufaka amagowuli emdlalweni wanamhlanje.
4. I-Vallathol Narayana Menon - enye yeembongi ze-triumvirate zoncwadi lwangoku Lwemalayalam. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi yeklasikhi enje ngo 'Khanda Kavyas' kunye 'Noduravastha'.
5. G Sankara Kurup-Eyaziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe efana ne - 'Oru Judha Malayalam' kunye ne 'Viswadarsanam', wayengumdlali wokuqala We-Jnanpith Award for Malayalam literature.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu Basemalayalam?

Ulwimi Lwesimalayalam lulwimi oluguqukayo, oko kuthetha ukuba lunenqanaba eliphezulu lokudityaniswa kunye notyekelo lokudibanisa amagama okanye amabinzana ukwenza amagama amatsha. Olu phawu lwenza ulwimi oluvakalayo, oluvumela isithethi ukuba sinxibelelane neengcamango ezinzima ngamagama ambalwa kunokuba kufuneka ngesingesi. I-Malayalam inomyalelo we-V2 wegama, oko kuthetha ukuba isenzi sibekwe kwindawo yesibini kwisivakalisi, kodwa oku akunyanzelekanga ngokungqongqo. Kukho nezinye izakhiwo zegrama, ezifana ne-participles kunye ne-gerunds, ezifumaneka kulwimi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesimalayalam ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokukhuphela iincwadi kunye nezinto ezibhalwe Emalayalam. Kulula ukufumana iipdf zasimahla, iincwadi kunye neefayile zomsindo kwi-intanethi.
2. Hlola ezinye Iindawo onokukhetha kuzo E-Malayalam speakers Ukumamela indlela izithethi zomthonyama ezibiza ngayo ulwimi yindlela ebalulekileyo yokufumana ngokutyibilikayo.
3. Sebenzisa iiwebhusayithi zokutshintshiselana ngolwimi olufana Nolwimi Lwam Ukutshintshiselana Okanye Incoko ukuze uziqhelanise nokuthetha nesithethi somthonyama.
4. Sebenzisa iikhosi zasimahla ezikwi-intanethi ezibonelelwa ziiyunivesithi ezinjengeyunivesithi Yasemadras okanye Ikairali Malayalam.
5. Cinga ngokubhalisa kwiklasi kwisikolo solwimi lwasekuhlaleni okanye kwiziko lokufunda.
6. Bukela Imiboniso bhanyabhanya Yasemalayalam kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude ukuze ubonakale ngakumbi kulwimi.
7. Sebenzisa iiflashcards ukunceda ukukhumbula amagama abalulekileyo kunye namabinzana.
8. Gcina incwadana yamagama amatsha kunye nezivakalisi ozifundayo kwaye uzihlolisise rhoqo.
9. Thetha Emalayalam kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
10. Ekugqibeleni, fumana iindlela zokusebenzisa ulwimi kwincoko yakho yemihla ngemihla nabahlobo kunye nosapho.