Isi-indonesian Isiromania Guqulela

Inguqulelo Yesi-Indonesia: Isikhokelo Esibanzi

Ulwimi Lwaseindonesia sisixhobo esikhulu sonxibelelwano kwihlabathi namhlanje, kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-237. Ngaloo ndlela, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zaseindonesia zifunwa kakhulu, kunye namashishini kunye nabantu ngokufanayo bajonge ukuguqulela umxholo wabo kulwimi lolunye lwezoqoqosho olukhulu emhlabeni. Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, siza kuphonononga konke okufuneka ukwazi malunga noguqulelo Lwaseindonesia, apho iilwimi zithethwa khona kwezona ndlela zilungileyo zokusebenza nabaguquleli Baseindonesia.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda iilwimi Ezahlukeneyo Zolwimi Lwaseindonesia. Nangona Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni lusetyenziswa ngurhulumente kunye nemfundo, kukho iilwimi ezininzi zommandla ezithethwa ngabantu bemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo, Ijavanese lolona lwimi luxhaphakileyo Eindonesia, lusetyenziswa phantse kwisithathu sabemi, ngelixa Isundanese ithetha malunga ne-17%. Ezinye iilwimi zengingqi zibandakanya Ibetawi, Imadurese, Iminangkabau, Kunye Neacehnese.

Xa ukhangela umguquleli Waseindonesia, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkonzo oyisebenzisayo iqhelekile kulwimi oluthile olufunayo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo lwakho luchanekile kwaye aluchanekanga kunxibelelwano olubi. Ngaphezu koko, iiarhente ezininzi zokuguqulela ezinobuchule ziya kuba nabaguquleli abaziingcali kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo zommandla, ngoko qiniseka ukuba ufumana umguquleli ofanelekileyo weprojekthi yakho.

Nje ukuba ufumane umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo Waseindonesia, kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezilungileyo ekufuneka uzilandele ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana okuninzi kwinkonzo yakho yokuguqulela. Okokuqala nokuphambili, nika umguquleli ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga neprojekthi yakho, kubandakanya imithombo yemithombo, nasiphi na isigama onokusisebenzisa, kunye nabaphulaphuli bakho ekujoliswe kubo. Umguquleli onamava uya kuba nakho ukusebenza nale ngcaciso ukukunika iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo nezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyigcinile engqondweni kukubonelela umguquleli wakho ixesha elaneleyo lokwenza umsebenzi wabo. Umguquleli kufuneka anikwe ixesha elaneleyo lokufunda nokuphanda umthombo, kunye nokuphonononga uguqulelo. Ukuba uyangxama, iinguqulelo zakho zisenokubandezeleka.

Ke ngoko, kuhlala kungumbono olungileyo ukujonga uguqulelo kabini ngaphambi kokukhutshwa. Iqela lesibini lamehlo linokubamba naziphi na iintlobo okanye ukungaqondani okunokubakho ngaphambi kokuba basasazeke.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba inguqulelo Yakho Yesi-Indonesia ichanekile kwaye ifanelekile ngokwenkcubeko. Ngomguquleli ofanelekileyo, unokunxibelelana ngokuzithemba nehlabathi elithetha I-Indonesia. Ithamsanqa!

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwase-Indonesia?

Isi-indonesia lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaseindonesia, kwaye ikwathethwa Empuma Timor nakwimimandla Yasemalaysia.

Lithini agama Lokuthela E-Indonesia?

Ulwimi Lwaseindonesia, ekwabizwa ngokuba Yi-Bahasa Indonesia, lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaseindonesia kwaye luneengcambu zalo kuhlobo oludala Lwesimalay. Ulwimi lwakuqala Lwesimalay, Olwaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Old Malay, lwalusetyenziswa kwiziqithi ezininzi Zasemalay ukusuka kwinkulungwane yesi-7 CE. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, urhwebo kunye nokusasazeka Kwamasilamsi kwaphembelela ngakumbi ulwimi kwaye ekugqibeleni lwahlulahlulwe lwaba ziilwimi Ezininzi Ezahlukeneyo Zesimalay kunye neziyelelane. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, oorhulumente bamadatshi bazisa amagama amaninzi okuboleka imali kulwimi, olwaziwa Ngokuba Sisimalaysia. Ekugqibeleni, ngenkulungwane yama-20, ulwimi lwaguqukela ngakumbi kwinto ngoku eyaziwa Ngokuba Sisithetha Sanamhlanje Saseindonesia. Ulwimi lwabhengezwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni lwesizwe Sase-Indonesian ngo-1945 emva kwenkululeko yelizwe, kwaye ukusukela ngoko, ulwimi luqhubekile nokuphuhlisa, kunye nesigama esitsha kunye nopelo olwamkelweyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseindonesia?

1. U-Amir Syarifuddin (1861-1916) wayesaziwa ngokuba Ngu 'Uyise Weencwadi Zaseindonesia' kwaye wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ephawulekayo, kuquka "Irangkaian Puisi dan Prosa" (Ikhonkco Lemibongo Kunye Neprose).
2. Uradenas Soewardi Soerjaningrat (1903-1959): uthathwa njengomseki wolwimi lwangoku Lwaseindonesia kwaye unoxanduva lokudala Isichazi-Magama Solwimi Lwase-Indonesian.
3. I-Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1925-2006): Utoer wayengumlobi owaziwayo Wase-Indonesia kunye nombhali-mbali owabhala iincwadi ezininzi ngesi-Indonesia nesidatshi. Kwakhona wancedisa ekuphuhliseni isitayela sanamhlanje sokubhala ngolwimi Lwase-Indonesia.
4. Umohammad Yamin (1903-1962): wayengumlobi wezopolitiko wase-Indonesia kunye nomlobi owadlala indima enkulu ekusekeni Iriphabhlikhi Yaseindonesia. Kwakhona wabhala ngokubanzi malunga nokuguqulwa kweelwimi, ekuncedeni ukudala ulwimi lwesizwe olufanayo.
5. U-Emha Ainun Nadjib (1937-): owaziwa nangokuthi 'Ugus Mus's', uyimbongi kunye nombhali wezincoko obhale ngokubanzi kuphuhliso loncwadi Lwase-Indonesia. Imisebenzi yakhe ihlala idunyiswa ngenxa yokuqonda kwabo okuhlekisayo kunye nefilosofi.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa Ngabantu Baseindonesia?

Ulwakhiwo lolwimi Lwaseindonesia lusekwe kusapho lweelwimi Zase-Australia, elisebe leqela elikhulu Lolwimi Lwesimalayo Nolwesipolynesia. Ulwimi lwesifundo-isenzi-into kwaye ine-syntax elula kunye nemithetho embalwa yegrama. Uninzi lwamagama aluchaphazelekanga kwaye ixesha lesenzi liboniswa ngokusetyenziswa kwezenzi ezincedisayo. I-Indonesian nayo ilwimi lokuguga, kunye nezimamva ezininzi kunye nezimaphambili ezongezwe kwiindawo zayo ezahlukeneyo zentetho. Ulwimi alunawo umahluko ngokwesini, kwaye luneendlela ezintathu eziphambili zedilesi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwase-Indonesia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi elungileyo yolwimi Lwaseindonesia kwaye uyifunde ngokucokisekileyo. Qinisekisa ukusebenzisa isigama sakho, ukubiza, kunye nokudibanisa isenzi.
2. Thatha iklasi Yolwimi Lwaseindonesia ukuba kunokwenzeka. Inokukunceda ufunde igrama efanelekileyo kunye nokubiza amagama kwaye ikunike ithuba lokuziqhelanisa nokuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama.
3. Bukela iimovie zaseindonesia okanye iinkqubo zikamabonwakude ukuze ufumane isiphatho esingcono kulwimi.
4. Mamela Umculo Waseindonesia kunye neepodcasts. Oku kunokwenziwa ukusuka kwintuthuzelo yekhaya lakho kwaye kuya kukunika ukubonakaliswa ngakumbi kulwimi.
5. Bala Isi-Indonesia. Le yindlela entle yokuphucula ukuqonda kwakho ukufunda kunye nokwandisa isigama sakho.
6. Ukuthetha Nabantu base-Indonesia. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yiya Eindonesia ukuze ufumane amava okuntywila kwaye ufumane amathuba okuziqhelanisa nezithethi zomthonyama.
7. Thatha ikhefu amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ukufunda naluphi na ulwimi kunokuba yirhafu, ke qiniseka ukuba uthatha ikhefu xa uyidinga kwaye ungalibali ukonwaba ngelixa ufunda!

Iromania lilizwe elihle Empuma Yurophu elinolwimi lwalo olwahlukileyo. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Lwesiromania sisiromania, kwaye lulwimi Lwaseromania olunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesitaliyane, isifrentshi, ispanish kunye Nesiphuthukezi. Oku kukhokelele kwinkcubeko etyebileyo kunye nelifa leelwimi ezahlukeneyo.

Kubantu abangazi kakuhle isirashiya, ukuguqulela kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima. Kufuneka ulwazi ulwimi nenkcubeko Romania ukudala uguqulelo oluchanileyo. Ukuguqulela ukusuka kwisiromania ukuya kolunye ulwimi kunokuba ngumceli mngeni omkhulu, ngenxa yobunzima bamagama amaninzi kunye noluhlu olukhulu lweelwimi zommandla ezixhaphakileyo kweli lizwe.

Xa kuziwa kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela, iinkampani zokuguqulela zobungcali kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwiziphumo ezilungileyo. Abaguquleli abanamava baya kuthatha ixesha elifanelekileyo ukuqonda ngokufanelekileyo umongo kunye nemiba yombhalo womthombo ngaphambi kokubonelela ngenguqulelo ebonakalisa ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yayo. Ukongeza, ezi ngcali ziya kuqonda igrama kunye nezandi zolwimi lwesiromania ukuze zibonelele ngeenguqulelo ezichanekileyo.

Xa kuguqulelwa amaxwebhu, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uhlobo lwabaphulaphuli olujoliswe kulo. Umzekelo, ukuguqulela uxwebhu olubhekiselele kubaphulaphuli bezoshishino kuya kufuna ukusetyenziswa kolwimi olusemthethweni kunoxwebhu olubhekiselele kubaphulaphuli ngokubanzi.

Ukongezelela ekukhetheni umguquleli ofanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukulandela iindibano zolwimi lwesiromania. Ezi ndibano zimisela umyalelo ofanelekileyo wegama, iziphumlisi, isakhiwo sesigwebo kunye ne-capitalisation, kunye nokusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwee-accents kunye namanqaku okudidiyela.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuguqulela kwisiromania kubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na imigaqo ethile yenkcubeko kunye namabinzana aguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukwazi amasiko asekuhlaleni kunye nokuqonda inkcubeko Yaseromania kubalulekile ekudaleni uguqulelo oluyimpumelelo.

Ngokuthathela ingqalelo zonke ezi zinto, amashishini kunye nabantu abafuna ukuguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwamaxwebhu ukusuka kwisiromania ukuya kolunye ulwimi banokuqiniseka ukuba iinguqulelo zabo ziya kuba nentsingiselo kwaye zichaneke.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha isiromania?

Isiromania sithethwa ubukhulu becala Eromania Nakwiriphabliki Yasemoldova, nakwiindawo Ezithile Zasealbania, Ebulgaria, Ehungary, Eserbia Naseukraine. Ikwayilwimi olusemthethweni kumazwe aliqela nakwimimandla, kubandakanya Iphondo Elizimeleyo Lasevojvodina( Eserbia), Iriphabhlikhi engaziwayo Yasetransnistria (Imoldova), kunye nommandla weentaba ezizimeleyo wasegagauzia (Emoldova).

Yintoni isiromanian ulwimi?

Imbali yolwimi lwesiromania ibuyela Kubukhosi Baseroma xa iromania yanamhlanje yayiyinxalenye yephondo Laseroma Lasedacia. Njengoko isilatini yayilulwimi olusemthethweni Lobukhosi Baseroma, yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuloo ndawo, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha yaguquka yaba sisiromania. Kwiinkulungwane ezalandelayo, olu lwimi lwaphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi Zeslavic nesigrike, nezinye iilwimi Zothando. Emva kweenkulungwane zempembelelo enamandla evela kwiilwimi zesilatini nesislavic, ekugqibeleni isiromania saphuhlisa iimpawu zayo ezizodwa kunye neempawu. Namhlanje, isiromania yenye yeelwimi ezintlanu ezisemthethweni zothando, kunye nespanish, isifrentshi, isitaliyane nesiphuthukezi.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesiromania?

1. U-Emil Gârleanu - omnye wababhali abakhulu baseromania bexesha langoku. 2. Uconstantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea-umsoshiyali waseromania, umgxeki weelwimi kunye noncwadi. 3. Ion Luca Caragiale-umculi omkhulu waseromania kunye nomlobi wamabali amafutshane. 4. Umihai Eminescu-uthathwa njengeyona mbongi yaseromania inempembelelo kwaye ithandwa. 5. Ioan Slavici-inoveli yaseromania eprolific, umbhali wamabali amafutshane kunye nentatheli.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa ngesiromania?

Ubume bolwimi lwesiromania bufana nezinye iilwimi Zothando, kunye ne-syntax eguqukayo kwaye ihlala iyinkimbinkimbi. Inomyalelo wegama Lesihloko-Isenzi-Into, kunye nokwahluka okuthile kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwegatya okanye ibinzana elisetyenzisiweyo. Ikwaquka ukudityaniswa kwesenzi, ukubizwa kwesibizo, kunye nezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo kwiilwimi zothando.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwaseromania ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngeziseko. Fumana amagama ahamba kunye roman. Funda amagama asisiseko kunye namabinzana, ukuze ube nencoko esisiseko ngolwimi.
2. Fumana ukuhambelana robin kunye babu. Mamela umculo waseromania, ubukele iimuvi zaseromania kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude, kwaye ufunde amaphephandaba aseromania. Oku kuya kukunceda ufunde ulwimi ngokukhawuleza.
3. Thatha iklasi ulwimi Romanian. Ukuthatha iklasi yindlela enhle yokufunda naluphi na ulwimi, njengoko inika isakhiwo kunye nesikhokelo esingazifundisiyo.
4. Thetha isiromania yonke imihla. Thetha nezithethi zomthonyama, ufunde iincwadi ngokuvakalayo, kwaye uziqhelanise nokuncokola nawe.
5. Sebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwi-intanethi. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi kunye neeapps ezikhoyo zokufunda ulwimi lwaseromania. Zisebenzise ukwandisa isigama sakho, sebenzisa igrama, kwaye usebenze kwisibizo sakho.