Isi-indonesian Maori Guqulela

Inguqulelo Yesi-Indonesia: Isikhokelo Esibanzi

Ulwimi Lwaseindonesia sisixhobo esikhulu sonxibelelwano kwihlabathi namhlanje, kunye nezithethi zomthonyama ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-237. Ngaloo ndlela, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zaseindonesia zifunwa kakhulu, kunye namashishini kunye nabantu ngokufanayo bajonge ukuguqulela umxholo wabo kulwimi lolunye lwezoqoqosho olukhulu emhlabeni. Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, siza kuphonononga konke okufuneka ukwazi malunga noguqulelo Lwaseindonesia, apho iilwimi zithethwa khona kwezona ndlela zilungileyo zokusebenza nabaguquleli Baseindonesia.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda iilwimi Ezahlukeneyo Zolwimi Lwaseindonesia. Nangona Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni lusetyenziswa ngurhulumente kunye nemfundo, kukho iilwimi ezininzi zommandla ezithethwa ngabantu bemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo, Ijavanese lolona lwimi luxhaphakileyo Eindonesia, lusetyenziswa phantse kwisithathu sabemi, ngelixa Isundanese ithetha malunga ne-17%. Ezinye iilwimi zengingqi zibandakanya Ibetawi, Imadurese, Iminangkabau, Kunye Neacehnese.

Xa ukhangela umguquleli Waseindonesia, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkonzo oyisebenzisayo iqhelekile kulwimi oluthile olufunayo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo lwakho luchanekile kwaye aluchanekanga kunxibelelwano olubi. Ngaphezu koko, iiarhente ezininzi zokuguqulela ezinobuchule ziya kuba nabaguquleli abaziingcali kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo zommandla, ngoko qiniseka ukuba ufumana umguquleli ofanelekileyo weprojekthi yakho.

Nje ukuba ufumane umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo Waseindonesia, kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezilungileyo ekufuneka uzilandele ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana okuninzi kwinkonzo yakho yokuguqulela. Okokuqala nokuphambili, nika umguquleli ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga neprojekthi yakho, kubandakanya imithombo yemithombo, nasiphi na isigama onokusisebenzisa, kunye nabaphulaphuli bakho ekujoliswe kubo. Umguquleli onamava uya kuba nakho ukusebenza nale ngcaciso ukukunika iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo nezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyigcinile engqondweni kukubonelela umguquleli wakho ixesha elaneleyo lokwenza umsebenzi wabo. Umguquleli kufuneka anikwe ixesha elaneleyo lokufunda nokuphanda umthombo, kunye nokuphonononga uguqulelo. Ukuba uyangxama, iinguqulelo zakho zisenokubandezeleka.

Ke ngoko, kuhlala kungumbono olungileyo ukujonga uguqulelo kabini ngaphambi kokukhutshwa. Iqela lesibini lamehlo linokubamba naziphi na iintlobo okanye ukungaqondani okunokubakho ngaphambi kokuba basasazeke.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba inguqulelo Yakho Yesi-Indonesia ichanekile kwaye ifanelekile ngokwenkcubeko. Ngomguquleli ofanelekileyo, unokunxibelelana ngokuzithemba nehlabathi elithetha I-Indonesia. Ithamsanqa!

Ngawaphi Amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwase-Indonesia?

Isi-indonesia lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaseindonesia, kwaye ikwathethwa Empuma Timor nakwimimandla Yasemalaysia.

Lithini agama Lokuthela E-Indonesia?

Ulwimi Lwaseindonesia, ekwabizwa ngokuba Yi-Bahasa Indonesia, lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwaseindonesia kwaye luneengcambu zalo kuhlobo oludala Lwesimalay. Ulwimi lwakuqala Lwesimalay, Olwaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Old Malay, lwalusetyenziswa kwiziqithi ezininzi Zasemalay ukusuka kwinkulungwane yesi-7 CE. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, urhwebo kunye nokusasazeka Kwamasilamsi kwaphembelela ngakumbi ulwimi kwaye ekugqibeleni lwahlulahlulwe lwaba ziilwimi Ezininzi Ezahlukeneyo Zesimalay kunye neziyelelane. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, oorhulumente bamadatshi bazisa amagama amaninzi okuboleka imali kulwimi, olwaziwa Ngokuba Sisimalaysia. Ekugqibeleni, ngenkulungwane yama-20, ulwimi lwaguqukela ngakumbi kwinto ngoku eyaziwa Ngokuba Sisithetha Sanamhlanje Saseindonesia. Ulwimi lwabhengezwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni lwesizwe Sase-Indonesian ngo-1945 emva kwenkululeko yelizwe, kwaye ukusukela ngoko, ulwimi luqhubekile nokuphuhlisa, kunye nesigama esitsha kunye nopelo olwamkelweyo.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwaseindonesia?

1. U-Amir Syarifuddin (1861-1916) wayesaziwa ngokuba Ngu 'Uyise Weencwadi Zaseindonesia' kwaye wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ephawulekayo, kuquka "Irangkaian Puisi dan Prosa" (Ikhonkco Lemibongo Kunye Neprose).
2. Uradenas Soewardi Soerjaningrat (1903-1959): uthathwa njengomseki wolwimi lwangoku Lwaseindonesia kwaye unoxanduva lokudala Isichazi-Magama Solwimi Lwase-Indonesian.
3. I-Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1925-2006): Utoer wayengumlobi owaziwayo Wase-Indonesia kunye nombhali-mbali owabhala iincwadi ezininzi ngesi-Indonesia nesidatshi. Kwakhona wancedisa ekuphuhliseni isitayela sanamhlanje sokubhala ngolwimi Lwase-Indonesia.
4. Umohammad Yamin (1903-1962): wayengumlobi wezopolitiko wase-Indonesia kunye nomlobi owadlala indima enkulu ekusekeni Iriphabhlikhi Yaseindonesia. Kwakhona wabhala ngokubanzi malunga nokuguqulwa kweelwimi, ekuncedeni ukudala ulwimi lwesizwe olufanayo.
5. U-Emha Ainun Nadjib (1937-): owaziwa nangokuthi 'Ugus Mus's', uyimbongi kunye nombhali wezincoko obhale ngokubanzi kuphuhliso loncwadi Lwase-Indonesia. Imisebenzi yakhe ihlala idunyiswa ngenxa yokuqonda kwabo okuhlekisayo kunye nefilosofi.

Luluphi ulwimi oluthethwa Ngabantu Baseindonesia?

Ulwakhiwo lolwimi Lwaseindonesia lusekwe kusapho lweelwimi Zase-Australia, elisebe leqela elikhulu Lolwimi Lwesimalayo Nolwesipolynesia. Ulwimi lwesifundo-isenzi-into kwaye ine-syntax elula kunye nemithetho embalwa yegrama. Uninzi lwamagama aluchaphazelekanga kwaye ixesha lesenzi liboniswa ngokusetyenziswa kwezenzi ezincedisayo. I-Indonesian nayo ilwimi lokuguga, kunye nezimamva ezininzi kunye nezimaphambili ezongezwe kwiindawo zayo ezahlukeneyo zentetho. Ulwimi alunawo umahluko ngokwesini, kwaye luneendlela ezintathu eziphambili zedilesi.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwase-Indonesia ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana incwadi elungileyo yolwimi Lwaseindonesia kwaye uyifunde ngokucokisekileyo. Qinisekisa ukusebenzisa isigama sakho, ukubiza, kunye nokudibanisa isenzi.
2. Thatha iklasi Yolwimi Lwaseindonesia ukuba kunokwenzeka. Inokukunceda ufunde igrama efanelekileyo kunye nokubiza amagama kwaye ikunike ithuba lokuziqhelanisa nokuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama.
3. Bukela iimovie zaseindonesia okanye iinkqubo zikamabonwakude ukuze ufumane isiphatho esingcono kulwimi.
4. Mamela Umculo Waseindonesia kunye neepodcasts. Oku kunokwenziwa ukusuka kwintuthuzelo yekhaya lakho kwaye kuya kukunika ukubonakaliswa ngakumbi kulwimi.
5. Bala Isi-Indonesia. Le yindlela entle yokuphucula ukuqonda kwakho ukufunda kunye nokwandisa isigama sakho.
6. Ukuthetha Nabantu base-Indonesia. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yiya Eindonesia ukuze ufumane amava okuntywila kwaye ufumane amathuba okuziqhelanisa nezithethi zomthonyama.
7. Thatha ikhefu amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ukufunda naluphi na ulwimi kunokuba yirhafu, ke qiniseka ukuba uthatha ikhefu xa uyidinga kwaye ungalibali ukonwaba ngelixa ufunda!

Isimaori lulwimi Lomthonyama Enew Zealand kunye nolwimi olusemthethweni lwabantu Basemaori. Sithetha ngabantu abangaphezu kwe-130,000 emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi Kwiziqithi Ezisenyakatho Nasenew Zealand. Ulwimi lwesimaori luthathwa njengolwimi lwesipolynesia, kwaye lubalulekile kwinkcubeko yamamaori nakwilifa lemveli. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zesimaori ziye zathandwa ngakumbi kumashishini, kwimibutho, nakubantu abafuna ukunxibelelana nabantu Besimaori okanye bafunde ngakumbi ngolwimi.

Inguqulelo yesimaori yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kuba ulwimi lunomongo kakhulu kwaye lunokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuqesha umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo olwazi ulwimi kwaye aqonde izinto zalo. Abaguquleli abangamamaori abaqeqeshiweyo badla ngokuba zizithethi zolwimi lweenkobe yaye baqeqeshwa kakhulu kwiinkalo zolwimi.

Ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kwenguqulelo Yesimaori, inokubiza imali eninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kusafanelekile. Awuyi kufumana uguqulelo oluchanekileyo kuphela, kodwa uya kuphucula unxibelelwano phakathi kweenkcubeko, ukwandisa ukuqonda, kunye nokwandisa ubudlelwane.

Xa usebenza nomguquleli Wemaori, kubalulekile ukubonelela ngomxholo omninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kubandakanya abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo, injongo, kunye nolunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo. Ukwenza oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo lwakho luchanekile kwaye lucacile.

Ngokubanzi, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zasemaori zinokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko kwaye zivulele amathuba amatsha oshishino kunye nonxibelelwano. Ngokuqesha umguquleli Oqeqeshiweyo Wemaori, unokuqiniseka ukuba umyalezo wakho unxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo nangentlonelo.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngamamaori?

Isimaori lulwimi Olusemthethweni Lwasenew Zealand. Ikwathethwa ngabantu Basemaori Eostreliya, Ecanada NASE-USA.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngamamaori?

Ulwimi Lwesimaori luthethwa Kwaye lusetyenziswa Enew Zealand ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-800, isenza ukuba ibe yenye yeelwimi ezindala emhlabeni. Imvelaphi yayo inokulandelwa emva kwabafuduki Basepolynesia abafika kuqala kwesi siqithi ngenkulungwane ye-13, bezisa ulwimi lwabo lwezinyanya. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ulwimi lwavela kwaye lwathatha iimpawu zalo ezahlukeneyo njengoko luhambelana nezinye iilwimi zasekuhlaleni kunye neziyelelane. Olu lwimi lwalupheleliselwe kwizithethe zomlomo de kwayiminyaka yoo-1800, xa abavangeli Abangamakristu baqalisa ukuguqulela izicatshulwa kulwimi Lwesimaori. Njengoko I-New Zealand yafudukela kwidemokhrasi kunye nobuzwe phakathi kwe-1900s, ulwimi lwanikwa isikhundla esisemthethweni kwaye lwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesazisi sikazwelonke Sasenew Zealand. Namhlanje, ulwimi Lwesimaori lusasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulo lonke ilizwe kwaye lufundiswa ezikolweni kulo lonke ilizwe.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesimaori?

1. Usir Apirana Ngata: Wayelilungu lokuqala Lepalamente Yamamaori (ngo-1905-1943) kwaye wayengumqhubi oqhuba emva kokuvuselelwa kolwimi Lwamamaori ngokusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kwimfundo yoluntu kunye nokuguqulelwa kweencwadi kulwimi.
2. I-rangi Hīroa (Umnumzana Peter Hēnare): wayeyinkokeli ebalulekileyo Yamamaori eyabandakanyeka Ekukhuthazeni inkcubeko yamamaori Neyamapakeha, kwaye wancedisa ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Lwamamaori kuzo zonke iinkalo zoluntu.
3. Udame Nganeko Minhinnick: wayenempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso lukanomathotholo Wasemaori, iminyhadala kunye namathuba emfundo kwaye wayenempembelelo ekuphuhliseni Umthetho Wekomishoni Yeelwimi Zasemaori ka-1987.
4. Udame Kōkai Hipango: wayengumfazi wokuqala Wasemaori ukuba abe yijaji Yenkundla Ephakamileyo Yasenew Zealand kwaye wayedume ngokuxhasa kwakhe ukuvuselelwa kolwimi Lwasemaori.
5. I Taura Whiri i I Reo Māori (Ikhomishini Yolwimi Lwesimaori): Ikhomishini yolwimi Lwesimaori isebenza ukukhuthaza nokugcina ulwimi Lwesimaori. Ukususela ekusekweni kwayo ngo-1987, Ikomishoni iye yaba negalelo ekuncedeni ukuvuselela ulwimi ngokuphuhlisa izixhobo ezitsha, iindlela zokufundisa kunye namanyathelo okufundisa.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngamamaori?

Ulwimi Lwesimaori lulwimi Lwesipolynesia, kwaye isakhiwo salo sibonakaliswa linani elikhulu lezibizo kunye nezenzi ezilinganiselweyo. Isebenzisa inkqubo yezimamva kwiintsingiselo ezithile kumagama, eyaziwa ngokuba yigrama yokwenziwa. Ikwanoluhlu olubanzi lwezandi kunye neesilabhasi ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza amagama anentsingiselo. I-word order isimahla, nangona inokuqina kwiimeko ezithile.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesimaori ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Zibhaptize ngolwimi Lwesimāori kunye nenkcubeko: Qala ngokuya kwiklasi yolwimi Lwesimāori, njengaleyo ibonelelwe Ngute Wananga o Aotearoa okanye iwi yakho yendawo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda imeko yenkcubeko apho ulwimi Lwesimāori kunye namasiko asetyenziswa kakhulu.
2. Mamela, bukela kwaye ufunde ulwimi Lwesimāori kangangoko kunokwenzeka: Fumana unomathotholo wolwimi Lwesimāori (UMZ. RNZ Māori), bukela iinkqubo zikamabonwakude zolwimi Lwesimāori kunye neefilimu, funda iincwadi, amahlaya kunye namabali Ngesimāori kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uphinda into oyivayo kwaye uyibona.
3. Ziqhelise ukuthetha ulwimi: Zama ukufumana amathuba okuncokola nezithethi zomthonyama Zesimāori ezinje ngosapho okanye abahlobo, okanye uye kwimisitho Yesimāori kunye nesikohanga reo (amaziko okufunda ulwimi lwasemāori).
4. Sebenzisa izixhobo ze-intanethi ukukunceda ufunde: zininzi izibonelelo ze-intanethi ezikhoyo, ezinje Ngesichazi-magama Solwimi Lwesimāori, eziprintiweyo kunye neencwadi ezirekhodiweyo, iziteshi Zeyoutube kunye namaqela eendaba ezentlalo anika inkxaso enkulu kubafundi bolwimi Lwesimāori.
5. Yonwaba: Ukufunda ulwimi kufuneka kube ngamava amnandi kwaye anomvuzo, ke musa ukoyiswa ngumceli mngeni-thatha inyathelo elinye ngexesha kwaye wonwabele uhambo!