Javanese Isislovak Guqulela

Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Eindonesia luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-75. Olu lwimi lunembali ende, yaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani labantu abalufundayo liye landa. Ngaloo ndlela, abaguquleli abatyibilikayo Kwijavanese bafunwa kakhulu.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni Kwejavanese, ukuchaneka kunye nemvakalelo yenkcubeko kubaluleke kakhulu. Abaguquleli kufuneka baqonde iinkcubeko zolwimi kwaye bakwazi ukudlulisela ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo kunye nokusebenzisa amagama afanelekileyo. Nangona ukuguqulelwa komatshini kuya kuthandwa ngakumbi, akunakuyibamba ngokwenene imibono ekhethekileyo yolwimi. Ke ngoko, abaguquleli abangabantu abaqeqeshiweyo basabonwa njengolona khetho lufanelekileyo.

I-Javanese grammar ingaba nzima ukufunda nokuqonda, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana umntu olwazi kakuhle ulwimi. Abaguquleli bejavanese abaqeqeshiweyo bafanele baluqonde kakuhle ulwimi, isithethe salo, nemibono yeziyelelane. Kufuneka babe nolwazi olucokisekileyo lomxholo wesicatshulwa ekufuneka siguqulelwe, njengoko isigama kunye nokusetyenziswa kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli weprojekthi yakho, kubalulekile ukucela izikhombisi kunye neesampuli zomsebenzi wabo. Oku kuya kukunceda uhlole izakhono zakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba zilungele iprojekthi yakho. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuba ubuza abaguquleli malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yabucala abanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lwakho luhlala lukhuselekile.

Ngomguquleli onamava nethembekileyo, unokuqiniseka ukuba ufumana ezona nguqulelo zichanekileyo nezibuthathaka zenkcubeko ezikhoyo. Nokuba ufuna iinguqulelo Zejavanese zeshishini, ezomthetho okanye ezobuqu, umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo uya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho udluliselwa ngokuthembeka.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasejavanese?

I-Javanese lulwimi lwabantu basejavanese, ngokuyinhloko bahlala kwisiqithi Sasejava E-Indonesia. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo Zasesuriname, Esingapore, Emalaysia Nasenew Caledonia.

Yintoni Ijavascript?

Ulwimi Lwasejavanese lolona lwimi Luthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-85, ubukhulu becala kwisiqithi Sasejava Saseindonesia. Yenye yeelwimi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kusapho lweelwimi Zase-Australia, oluthethwa ikakhulu kwiziqithi zaseindonesia.
I-Javanese inembali ende kwaye ityebile, kunye neerekhodi zobukho bayo obubuyela kwi-12th century ce. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kukholelwa ukuba iye yaphenjelelwa kakhulu Sisisanskrit, Isitamil, Nesibalinese, kunye nezinye iilwimi Zaseostreliya. Le mpembelelo isabonakala ngokucacileyo kulwimi namhlanje, kunye namagama amaninzi amkelwe kwezi lwimi zakudala.
Kule mihla, Ijavanese ithethwa ikakhulu Kumbindi Nasempuma Java kwaye ikwayilwimi lwengingqi. Isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezisesikweni, kubandakanya ukusasazwa kweendaba kunye nonxibelelwano lukarhulumente, ngelixa i-colloquially isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengolwimi lwendabuko ngabahlali. I-Javanese nayo ifundiswa kwezinye izikolo, ikakhulukazi Kwi-Central And East Java.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasejavanese?

1. Uraden Adjeng Kartini (1879-1904): umfazi Wasejavanese owabhala ngokubanzi malunga nokuxhatshazwa kwabasetyhini kunye namalungelo abo kuluntu Lwasejavanese kunye nenkcubeko. Uthathwa njengovulindlela kwi-feminist movement, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-canon yeencwadi zasejavanese.
2. I-Pangeran Diponegoro (1785-1855): inkosana Yasejavanese kunye nenkokeli yezempi eyayikhokela ukuvukela ngempumelelo kwi-dutch colonial regime ngo-1825. Iingcamango zakhe kunye nemibhalo yakhe ibe negalelo elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kobuzwe Basejavanese.
3. I-RA Wiranatakusumah IV (1809-1851): i-intellectual yasejavanese yokuqala, umbhali kunye neelwimi ezijongene nokuphuhlisa inkqubo yokubhala Yasejavanese. Wabhala kwakhona iincwadi ezininzi malunga nenkcubeko yasejavanese kunye neencwadi.
4. Ii. Ii.Mm. I-Ronggowarsito (1822-1889): unozakuzaku Wasejavanese, umbhali kunye nembongi ebhala ngokubanzi kuluntu Lwasejavanese, imbali kunye nenkcubeko. Ukhuluma ngokubhalwa kwenkondlo eyaziwayo Yasejavanese Userat Centhini.
5. Umas Marco Kartodikromo (1894-1966): umphengululi owaziwayo Wasejavanese ophanda kwaye wabhala ngokubanzi ngolwimi Lwasejavanese, uncwadi, amasiko kunye nezithethe. Isichazi-magama sasemzantsi Afrika esilwimi-ntathu kushicilelo-magama, incwadi yokuqala ebhalwe kwinkqubo yokubhala yasejavanese.

Uyenza Njani Ijavascript?

Ulwimi Lwasejavanese lilungu losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Australia, olunxulumene Nesiindonesia kunye nezinye iilwimi ezithethwa Kumazantsi Mpuma Easia. Njengeelwimi ezininzi zalo mmandla, Ijavanese lulwimi olwahlukileyo; oko kukuthi, inezinto ezimbalwa zokungena kwaye amagama awadibananga nezimaphambili, izimamva, kunye nolunye utshintsho ukwenza iintsingiselo ezintsha. Izibizo aziphawulwanga ngesini, ubuninzi, kunye netyala, kunye nokudityaniswa kwesenzi kulula. Ukongeza, ngenxa yobudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi Kwejavanese Neindonesia, amagama amaninzi asisiseko kunye namabinzana kwabelwana ngawo phakathi kweelwimi ezimbini.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwasejavanese ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana inkqubo yolwimi lwejavanese okanye umhlohli. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, fumana enye egxile ekufundiseni ulwimi kwimeko yenkcubeko ukuze uqonde imeko yenkcubeko kunye nemiba yolwimi.
2. Qiniseka ukuba ukhetha inkqubo esebenzisa iindlela zokufunda zale mihla, ezinje ngezifundo zevidiyo, iifayile zomsindo, kunye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo.
3. Ukutyala imali kwizinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu zolwimi Lwasejavanese, ezinjengeencwadi zezifundo, izichazi-magama neencwadi zencoko.
4. Zifumanele iqabane lolwimi Lwasejavanese, njengesithethi somthonyama okanye umntu ofunda ulwimi.
5. Beka ixesha kunye nomzamo wokuziqhelanisa kunye nokuphononongwa rhoqo.
6. Joyina uluntu lwe-intanethi okanye amaqela apho unokuncokola nabanye abafundi kunye nezithethi zomthonyama Ngesijavanese.
7. Zibekele usukelo onokulufikelela ngokulula.
8. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yiya Kwijava kwaye uzicwilise kulwimi nenkcubeko.

Inguqulelo yeslovak sisenzo sokuguqulela ulwimi olubhaliweyo okanye oluthethwayo ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye. Kuyinto intsimi ekhethekileyo kakhulu, kwaye ifuna isixa esikhulu solwazi kunye nobuchule. Islovak lulwimi olusemthethweni eslovakia, ke naluphi na uxwebhu okanye unxibelelwano oluza kuguqulelwa kufuneka luhambelane nemigangatho ephezulu yokuchaneka kunye nobungcali.

Inkqubo yokuguqulela islovak iqala ngokukhetha umguquleli ofanelekayo ukugqiba umsebenzi. Umguquleli kufuneka abe nolwazi kakuhle kulwimi lomthombo kunye nolwimi olujoliswe kulo, kwaye kufuneka baqhelane neendlela ezizodwa zenkcubeko kunye nolwimi oluhambelana neslovak. Ukongeza, umguquleli kufuneka akwazi ukutolika ngokuchanekileyo umyalezo ekujoliswe kuwo wesixhobo somthombo.

Nje ukuba kukhethwe umguquleli ofanelekileyo, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuba baqale ukuguqulela imathiriyeli yomthombo kulwimi ekujoliswe kulo. Kuxhomekeke kubunzima besicatshulwa, oku kungathatha naphi na ukusuka kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure ezininzi. Kwezinye iimeko, umguquleli unokufuna ukubonisana nengcali kulwimi okanye kwinkcubeko ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile kwaye luphelele.

Nje ukuba uguqulelo lugqityiwe, kubalulekile ukuba umguquleli ahlole umsebenzi wabo ngokuchaneka. Oku kuthetha ukufunda isicatshulwa amaxesha amaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinyani, amanani, kunye neemeko zihanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo. Umguquleli kufuneka ajonge ukungaqondakali okunokwenzeka kunye nokungachaneki kwimathiriyeli yomthombo, kwaye enze naluphi na ulungiso oluyimfuneko.

Inguqulelo yeslovak inokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kodwa onomvuzo. Ngolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nobuchule, umguquleli ofanelekileyo unokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezingenasiphako kwaye akhokelele kunxibelelwano oluyimpumelelo phakathi kweenkcubeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha islovak?

Ulwimi lweslovak luthethwa ikakhulu Eslovakia, kodwa lunokufumaneka nakwamanye amazwe kubandakanya Iaustria, Iczech Republic, Ihungary, Ipoland, Iserbia, Neukraine.

Ziziphi iilwimi zesislovak?

Islovak lulwimi Lwasentshona Slavic kwaye ineengcambu zayo Kwiproto-Slavic, ebuyela kwi-5th century ad. Ngexesha Lamaxesha Aphakathi, islovak yaqala ukukhula yaba lulwimi olwahlukileyo kwaye yaphenjelelwa kakhulu ziziyelelane zesilatini, isiczech nesijamani. Ngenkulungwane ye-11, Islavonic Endala Yecawa yayisele ilulwimi lwaseslovakia yaza yahlala injalo de kwayinkulungwane ye-19. Phakathi ne-1800s, kwaqala ukubekwa emgangathweni ngakumbi kweslovak kwaye kwasekwa igrama kunye ne-orthography. Ngowe-1843, Uanton Bernolák wapapasha inguqulelo yolwimi elungelelanisiweyo, eyathi kamva yaziwa ngokuba Yibernolák Standard. Lo mgangatho wahlaziywa waza wahlaziywa amatyeli aliqela ukutyhubela inkulungwane ye-19, ekugqibeleni wakhokelela kwislovak yanamhlanje esasetyenziswa namhlanje.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lweslovak?

1. 1815 - 1856): islovak linguist, umbhali kunye nezopolitiko owayengumntu obalulekileyo ngexesha lokuvuselelwa kwelizwe Laseslovakia ngekhulu le-19. Waqulunqa umgangatho wokuqala wolwimi lweslovak owaziwa Ngokuba Yi-Erudovítštúr.
2. Upavol Dobšinský (1827 - 1885): imbongi yaseslovak, umbhali wokudlala kunye nombhali weprose imisebenzi yakhe yadlala indima ephambili ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi lwangoku lweslovak.
3. Ujozef Miloslav Hurban (1817-1886): umbhali waseslovak, imbongi kunye nompapashi owayengumxhasi wokuqala wesazisi sesizwe saseslovak. Imisebenzi yakhe, kubandakanya imibongo kunye neenoveli zembali, yanceda ekubumbeni uphuhliso lolwimi lwangoku lweslovak.
4. Uanton Bernolák (1762 - 1813): isazi ngefilosofi saseslovak kunye nomfundisi owasungula uhlobo lokuqala lwe-Slovak yanamhlanje, awathi Ulwimi Lukabernolák.
5. Umartin Hattala (ngowe - 1910-1996): islovak linguist nombhali wesichazi-magama owabhala isichazi-magama sokuqala sesilovak waza wabhala ngokubanzi kwigrama yesilovak kunye nokwakheka kwamagama.

Njani ulwimi isislovak?

Ubume beslovak ubukhulu becala busekwe kuleyo yezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, ezinje ngesiczech nesirashiya. Ilandela i-syntax yesihloko-isenzi-into kwaye inenkqubo entsonkothileyo yesibizo sokuhla, ukudibanisa isenzi, kunye nokumakishwa kwetyala. Ulwimi olusebenzayo, olunamatyala asixhenxe kunye namadoda amabini. Islovak ikwabonisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zomlomo, kunye namaxesha amabini (akhoyo kunye nexesha elidlulileyo). Njengezinye iilwimi Zeslavic, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegrama zamagama zivela kwingcambu enye.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lweslovak ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Thenga incwadi yesifundo seslovak kunye nencwadi yomsebenzi. Oku kuya kuba ngumthombo wakho oyintloko wesigama, igrama kunye nenkcubeko.
2. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikwi-intanethi. I-YouTube ineevidiyo ezininzi zasimahla zokufundisa islovak simahla. Zininzi iiwebhusayithi ezibonelela ngemithambo kunye nezinye izinto zokufunda.
3. Cinga ngokuthatha iiklasi. Ukuba uzimisele ukufunda ulwimi, indlela efanelekileyo yokuqonda ngokwenene izivakalisi zendawo kukuqhagamshelana rhoqo nesithethi somthonyama esinokukunika ingxelo kwaye sikukhokele kwinkqubo.
4. Ziqhelise kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Unokuthetha kwaye umamele ngokuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama okanye ufumane iqabane lokutshintshiselana ngolwimi. Sebenzisa iifilimu, iinkqubo ZETV kunye neengoma kwislovak ukuphucula izakhono zakho zokufunda nokumamela.
5. Breathe into culture. Zama ukufunda malunga neslovak ubomi bemihla ngemihla, izithethe, iiholide kunye nokunye. Oku kuya kukunceda uqonde ngcono i-slang kunye namabinzana asekuhlaleni.
6. Musa ukunikezela. Ukufunda olunye ulwimi akukho lula, kodwa kunokwenziwa. Zibekele usukelo olusengqiqweni uze unamathele kulo. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba ukhathazekile, thatha ikhefu kwaye ubuye kuyo kamva.