Javanese Udmurt Guqulela

Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Eindonesia luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-75. Olu lwimi lunembali ende, yaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani labantu abalufundayo liye landa. Ngaloo ndlela, abaguquleli abatyibilikayo Kwijavanese bafunwa kakhulu.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni Kwejavanese, ukuchaneka kunye nemvakalelo yenkcubeko kubaluleke kakhulu. Abaguquleli kufuneka baqonde iinkcubeko zolwimi kwaye bakwazi ukudlulisela ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo kunye nokusebenzisa amagama afanelekileyo. Nangona ukuguqulelwa komatshini kuya kuthandwa ngakumbi, akunakuyibamba ngokwenene imibono ekhethekileyo yolwimi. Ke ngoko, abaguquleli abangabantu abaqeqeshiweyo basabonwa njengolona khetho lufanelekileyo.

I-Javanese grammar ingaba nzima ukufunda nokuqonda, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana umntu olwazi kakuhle ulwimi. Abaguquleli bejavanese abaqeqeshiweyo bafanele baluqonde kakuhle ulwimi, isithethe salo, nemibono yeziyelelane. Kufuneka babe nolwazi olucokisekileyo lomxholo wesicatshulwa ekufuneka siguqulelwe, njengoko isigama kunye nokusetyenziswa kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli weprojekthi yakho, kubalulekile ukucela izikhombisi kunye neesampuli zomsebenzi wabo. Oku kuya kukunceda uhlole izakhono zakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba zilungele iprojekthi yakho. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuba ubuza abaguquleli malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yabucala abanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lwakho luhlala lukhuselekile.

Ngomguquleli onamava nethembekileyo, unokuqiniseka ukuba ufumana ezona nguqulelo zichanekileyo nezibuthathaka zenkcubeko ezikhoyo. Nokuba ufuna iinguqulelo Zejavanese zeshishini, ezomthetho okanye ezobuqu, umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo uya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho udluliselwa ngokuthembeka.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasejavanese?

I-Javanese lulwimi lwabantu basejavanese, ngokuyinhloko bahlala kwisiqithi Sasejava E-Indonesia. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo Zasesuriname, Esingapore, Emalaysia Nasenew Caledonia.

Yintoni Ijavascript?

Ulwimi Lwasejavanese lolona lwimi Luthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-85, ubukhulu becala kwisiqithi Sasejava Saseindonesia. Yenye yeelwimi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kusapho lweelwimi Zase-Australia, oluthethwa ikakhulu kwiziqithi zaseindonesia.
I-Javanese inembali ende kwaye ityebile, kunye neerekhodi zobukho bayo obubuyela kwi-12th century ce. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kukholelwa ukuba iye yaphenjelelwa kakhulu Sisisanskrit, Isitamil, Nesibalinese, kunye nezinye iilwimi Zaseostreliya. Le mpembelelo isabonakala ngokucacileyo kulwimi namhlanje, kunye namagama amaninzi amkelwe kwezi lwimi zakudala.
Kule mihla, Ijavanese ithethwa ikakhulu Kumbindi Nasempuma Java kwaye ikwayilwimi lwengingqi. Isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezisesikweni, kubandakanya ukusasazwa kweendaba kunye nonxibelelwano lukarhulumente, ngelixa i-colloquially isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengolwimi lwendabuko ngabahlali. I-Javanese nayo ifundiswa kwezinye izikolo, ikakhulukazi Kwi-Central And East Java.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasejavanese?

1. Uraden Adjeng Kartini (1879-1904): umfazi Wasejavanese owabhala ngokubanzi malunga nokuxhatshazwa kwabasetyhini kunye namalungelo abo kuluntu Lwasejavanese kunye nenkcubeko. Uthathwa njengovulindlela kwi-feminist movement, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-canon yeencwadi zasejavanese.
2. I-Pangeran Diponegoro (1785-1855): inkosana Yasejavanese kunye nenkokeli yezempi eyayikhokela ukuvukela ngempumelelo kwi-dutch colonial regime ngo-1825. Iingcamango zakhe kunye nemibhalo yakhe ibe negalelo elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kobuzwe Basejavanese.
3. I-RA Wiranatakusumah IV (1809-1851): i-intellectual yasejavanese yokuqala, umbhali kunye neelwimi ezijongene nokuphuhlisa inkqubo yokubhala Yasejavanese. Wabhala kwakhona iincwadi ezininzi malunga nenkcubeko yasejavanese kunye neencwadi.
4. Ii. Ii.Mm. I-Ronggowarsito (1822-1889): unozakuzaku Wasejavanese, umbhali kunye nembongi ebhala ngokubanzi kuluntu Lwasejavanese, imbali kunye nenkcubeko. Ukhuluma ngokubhalwa kwenkondlo eyaziwayo Yasejavanese Userat Centhini.
5. Umas Marco Kartodikromo (1894-1966): umphengululi owaziwayo Wasejavanese ophanda kwaye wabhala ngokubanzi ngolwimi Lwasejavanese, uncwadi, amasiko kunye nezithethe. Isichazi-magama sasemzantsi Afrika esilwimi-ntathu kushicilelo-magama, incwadi yokuqala ebhalwe kwinkqubo yokubhala yasejavanese.

Uyenza Njani Ijavascript?

Ulwimi Lwasejavanese lilungu losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Australia, olunxulumene Nesiindonesia kunye nezinye iilwimi ezithethwa Kumazantsi Mpuma Easia. Njengeelwimi ezininzi zalo mmandla, Ijavanese lulwimi olwahlukileyo; oko kukuthi, inezinto ezimbalwa zokungena kwaye amagama awadibananga nezimaphambili, izimamva, kunye nolunye utshintsho ukwenza iintsingiselo ezintsha. Izibizo aziphawulwanga ngesini, ubuninzi, kunye netyala, kunye nokudityaniswa kwesenzi kulula. Ukongeza, ngenxa yobudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi Kwejavanese Neindonesia, amagama amaninzi asisiseko kunye namabinzana kwabelwana ngawo phakathi kweelwimi ezimbini.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwasejavanese ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana inkqubo yolwimi lwejavanese okanye umhlohli. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, fumana enye egxile ekufundiseni ulwimi kwimeko yenkcubeko ukuze uqonde imeko yenkcubeko kunye nemiba yolwimi.
2. Qiniseka ukuba ukhetha inkqubo esebenzisa iindlela zokufunda zale mihla, ezinje ngezifundo zevidiyo, iifayile zomsindo, kunye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo.
3. Ukutyala imali kwizinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu zolwimi Lwasejavanese, ezinjengeencwadi zezifundo, izichazi-magama neencwadi zencoko.
4. Zifumanele iqabane lolwimi Lwasejavanese, njengesithethi somthonyama okanye umntu ofunda ulwimi.
5. Beka ixesha kunye nomzamo wokuziqhelanisa kunye nokuphononongwa rhoqo.
6. Joyina uluntu lwe-intanethi okanye amaqela apho unokuncokola nabanye abafundi kunye nezithethi zomthonyama Ngesijavanese.
7. Zibekele usukelo onokulufikelela ngokulula.
8. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yiya Kwijava kwaye uzicwilise kulwimi nenkcubeko.

Uguqulelo lwe-Udmurt yinkqubo yokuguqulela itekisi ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt. Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lulwimi Lwasefinno-Urgic oluthethwa ngabantu Base-Udmurt abahlala Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt, e-central Russia. Olu lwimi lunembali etyebileyo nenkcubeko, kwakunye nokuba lulwimi olusemthethweni Kwiriphabliki Yase-Udmurt. Nangona olu lwimi lusenokugqalwa njengolungamelwanga kakuhle kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, luselulwimi olubalulekileyo kwabo bazalelwe kuloo ndawo okanye banomdla kulwimi, kwinkcubeko nakwimbali yabantu Baseudmurt.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni Kwe-Udmurt, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinguqulelo ezisemgangathweni zenziwa. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa abaguquleli beelwimi abanamava, abanolwazi ngomxholo wolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Umguquleli kufuneka akwazi ukuqonda igrama, upelo, kunye nesemantiki yolwimi ukuze enze iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo ukwandisa kunye nokubaluleka kwamagama ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicatshulwa sisondele kwintsusa kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Inguqulelo ye-Udmurt inokunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweenkcubeko kwaye inike abantu abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ithuba lokuqondana. Oku kunokusetyenziswa phantse kuyo nayiphi na intsimi, kubandakanya ishishini, uncwadi, kunye nemithombo yeendaba. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukugcina inkcubeko kunye nembali yabantu Base-Udmurt ngokuvumela amabali abo kunye namazwi ukuba aviwe ngabaphulaphuli abakhulu.

Ngokubanzi, inguqulelo Ye-Udmurt inokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu sokuqonda ulwimi nenkcubeko yabantu Base-Udmurt. Ngokuqonda itekisi Ye-Udmurt, inokunika abaphulaphuli abaninzi ithuba lokuxabisa nokufunda kulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu Base-Udmurt. Ukongeza, inokuba yindlela entle yokukhuthaza ukuqonda phakathi kweenkcubeko kunye nokufunda ngakumbi malunga nomnye.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt luthethwa ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt, ekwingingqi Yevolga yaserussia. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo ezincinci kwezinye iindawo Zaserussia, nakumazwe angabamelwane afana Nekazakhstan, Ibelarus Kunye Nefinland.

Yintoni imbali Ye-Udmurt language?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lilungu le-Uralic language family kwaye luhambelana kakhulu neelwimi Zasefinno-Urgic. Kuthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nama-680,000, ikakhulu Kwiriphabhlikhi Yase-Udmurt (Erashiya) nakwindawo ejikelezileyo. Ifom yayo ebhaliweyo yabhalwa ngenkulungwane ye-18 ngabefundisi Bobuothodoki baserashiya, abenza inkqubo yokubhala esekelwe kwialfabhethi Yesicyrillic. Le nkqubo yokubhala yandiswa yaza yaphuculwa ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19 neyama-20, nto leyo eyakhokelela kulwimi olubhaliweyo lwale mihla. Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lusasetyenziswa namhlanje kwimimandla enabantu Base-Udmurts, kunye nokufundiswa ezikolweni nakwiiyunivesithi.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt?

1. Vasiliy Ivanovich Alymov-linguist kunye nombhali wemisebenzi emininzi kulwimi Lwe-Udmurt, owabhala igrama ecacileyo yolwimi kwaye wamisela imigaqo emininzi kunye neendibano ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje.
2. Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov-Umphengululi kunye nombhali imisebenzi emininzi ulwimi Udmurt nenkcubeko, kuquka igrama ebanzi ulwimi kunye nezifundo kwisakhiwo udmurt poetry.
3. Nina Vitalievna Kirsanova-Rodionova - i innovator entsimini Udmurt ebhaliweyo, wabhala iincwadi zokuqala ngolwimi wadala dictionary yokuqala Ukrainian-Udmurt.
4. Umikhayl Romanovich Pavlov-Owaziwa ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu kwintsimi yolwimi Lwe-Udmurt, uncwadi kunye neentsomi, wayengomnye wabantu bokuqala ukurekhoda nokubhala iingoma zomthonyama zommandla.
5. U-Olga Valerianovna Fyodorova - Lozhkina-omnye wabantu bokuqala ukufunda ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Ye-Udmurt, wapapasha amaphephandaba olwimi lokuqala Lwe-Udmurt kwaye wabhala igrama kunye nezinye izinto zemfundo.

Ulwakhiwo njani Ulwimi Udmurt?

Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt lulwimi Lwe-Uralic, olunxulumene kakhulu nesifinnish nesi-estonia, kwaye yabelana ngokufana kunye neelwimi Zekomi-Zyryan Kunye Ne-Permic. Ubume bayo bubonakaliswa yi-agglutinative morphology, oko kuthetha ukuba amagama ayenziwa ngokudibanisa kunye ukudibanisa iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kunye neekhonsepthi. Ulwimi lunemvisiswano yesikhamiso kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yezibizo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzi kunzima kakhulu, ngeemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo, iinkalo, kunye nokuqina, kunye nomahluko osisiseko phakathi kweefom ezigqibeleleyo nezingafezekanga.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwe-Udmurt ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokuziqhelanisa nolwimi. Funda malunga nealfabhethi kunye nokubiza amagama kwaye ufumane ukuqonda okuyisiseko kwegrama.
2. Funda kwaye umamele imithombo Ye-Udmurt yemveli. Mamela iindaba zendawo kwaye ungene kumculo kunye neenkqubo ZETV ngolwimi.
3. Thetha kwaye ubhale Kwi-Udmurt. Fumana iqabane lolwimi okanye usebenzise iiforamu ezikwi-intanethi kunye namagumbi okuncokola ukuziqhelanisa.
4. Thatha ikhosi ulwimi Udmurt. Kukho amaziko olwimi ezininzi ezifundisa izifundo Ulwimi Udmurt kwaye ungafumana kubo online.
5. Zibhokoxe kwinkcubeko nakulwimi lwakho. Ndwendwela Udmurtia kwaye uthethe nezithethi zomthonyama ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngeelwimi zalapha kunye nenkcubeko.