Javanese Yiddishname Guqulela

Ulwimi Lwaseburhulumenteni Eindonesia luthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-75. Olu lwimi lunembali ende, yaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani labantu abalufundayo liye landa. Ngaloo ndlela, abaguquleli abatyibilikayo Kwijavanese bafunwa kakhulu.

Xa kuziwa ekuguquleleni Kwejavanese, ukuchaneka kunye nemvakalelo yenkcubeko kubaluleke kakhulu. Abaguquleli kufuneka baqonde iinkcubeko zolwimi kwaye bakwazi ukudlulisela ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo kunye nokusebenzisa amagama afanelekileyo. Nangona ukuguqulelwa komatshini kuya kuthandwa ngakumbi, akunakuyibamba ngokwenene imibono ekhethekileyo yolwimi. Ke ngoko, abaguquleli abangabantu abaqeqeshiweyo basabonwa njengolona khetho lufanelekileyo.

I-Javanese grammar ingaba nzima ukufunda nokuqonda, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana umntu olwazi kakuhle ulwimi. Abaguquleli bejavanese abaqeqeshiweyo bafanele baluqonde kakuhle ulwimi, isithethe salo, nemibono yeziyelelane. Kufuneka babe nolwazi olucokisekileyo lomxholo wesicatshulwa ekufuneka siguqulelwe, njengoko isigama kunye nokusetyenziswa kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo.

Xa ukhetha umguquleli weprojekthi yakho, kubalulekile ukucela izikhombisi kunye neesampuli zomsebenzi wabo. Oku kuya kukunceda uhlole izakhono zakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba zilungele iprojekthi yakho. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuba ubuza abaguquleli malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yabucala abanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lwakho luhlala lukhuselekile.

Ngomguquleli onamava nethembekileyo, unokuqiniseka ukuba ufumana ezona nguqulelo zichanekileyo nezibuthathaka zenkcubeko ezikhoyo. Nokuba ufuna iinguqulelo Zejavanese zeshishini, ezomthetho okanye ezobuqu, umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo uya kuqinisekisa ukuba umyalezo wakho udluliselwa ngokuthembeka.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwasejavanese?

I-Javanese lulwimi lwabantu basejavanese, ngokuyinhloko bahlala kwisiqithi Sasejava E-Indonesia. Ikwathethwa kwiindawo Zasesuriname, Esingapore, Emalaysia Nasenew Caledonia.

Yintoni Ijavascript?

Ulwimi Lwasejavanese lolona lwimi Luthethwa ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-85, ubukhulu becala kwisiqithi Sasejava Saseindonesia. Yenye yeelwimi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kusapho lweelwimi Zase-Australia, oluthethwa ikakhulu kwiziqithi zaseindonesia.
I-Javanese inembali ende kwaye ityebile, kunye neerekhodi zobukho bayo obubuyela kwi-12th century ce. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kukholelwa ukuba iye yaphenjelelwa kakhulu Sisisanskrit, Isitamil, Nesibalinese, kunye nezinye iilwimi Zaseostreliya. Le mpembelelo isabonakala ngokucacileyo kulwimi namhlanje, kunye namagama amaninzi amkelwe kwezi lwimi zakudala.
Kule mihla, Ijavanese ithethwa ikakhulu Kumbindi Nasempuma Java kwaye ikwayilwimi lwengingqi. Isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezisesikweni, kubandakanya ukusasazwa kweendaba kunye nonxibelelwano lukarhulumente, ngelixa i-colloquially isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengolwimi lwendabuko ngabahlali. I-Javanese nayo ifundiswa kwezinye izikolo, ikakhulukazi Kwi-Central And East Java.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwasejavanese?

1. Uraden Adjeng Kartini (1879-1904): umfazi Wasejavanese owabhala ngokubanzi malunga nokuxhatshazwa kwabasetyhini kunye namalungelo abo kuluntu Lwasejavanese kunye nenkcubeko. Uthathwa njengovulindlela kwi-feminist movement, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-canon yeencwadi zasejavanese.
2. I-Pangeran Diponegoro (1785-1855): inkosana Yasejavanese kunye nenkokeli yezempi eyayikhokela ukuvukela ngempumelelo kwi-dutch colonial regime ngo-1825. Iingcamango zakhe kunye nemibhalo yakhe ibe negalelo elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kobuzwe Basejavanese.
3. I-RA Wiranatakusumah IV (1809-1851): i-intellectual yasejavanese yokuqala, umbhali kunye neelwimi ezijongene nokuphuhlisa inkqubo yokubhala Yasejavanese. Wabhala kwakhona iincwadi ezininzi malunga nenkcubeko yasejavanese kunye neencwadi.
4. Ii. Ii.Mm. I-Ronggowarsito (1822-1889): unozakuzaku Wasejavanese, umbhali kunye nembongi ebhala ngokubanzi kuluntu Lwasejavanese, imbali kunye nenkcubeko. Ukhuluma ngokubhalwa kwenkondlo eyaziwayo Yasejavanese Userat Centhini.
5. Umas Marco Kartodikromo (1894-1966): umphengululi owaziwayo Wasejavanese ophanda kwaye wabhala ngokubanzi ngolwimi Lwasejavanese, uncwadi, amasiko kunye nezithethe. Isichazi-magama sasemzantsi Afrika esilwimi-ntathu kushicilelo-magama, incwadi yokuqala ebhalwe kwinkqubo yokubhala yasejavanese.

Uyenza Njani Ijavascript?

Ulwimi Lwasejavanese lilungu losapho Lweelwimi Zase-Australia, olunxulumene Nesiindonesia kunye nezinye iilwimi ezithethwa Kumazantsi Mpuma Easia. Njengeelwimi ezininzi zalo mmandla, Ijavanese lulwimi olwahlukileyo; oko kukuthi, inezinto ezimbalwa zokungena kwaye amagama awadibananga nezimaphambili, izimamva, kunye nolunye utshintsho ukwenza iintsingiselo ezintsha. Izibizo aziphawulwanga ngesini, ubuninzi, kunye netyala, kunye nokudityaniswa kwesenzi kulula. Ukongeza, ngenxa yobudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi Kwejavanese Neindonesia, amagama amaninzi asisiseko kunye namabinzana kwabelwana ngawo phakathi kweelwimi ezimbini.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lwasejavanese ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Fumana inkqubo yolwimi lwejavanese okanye umhlohli. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, fumana enye egxile ekufundiseni ulwimi kwimeko yenkcubeko ukuze uqonde imeko yenkcubeko kunye nemiba yolwimi.
2. Qiniseka ukuba ukhetha inkqubo esebenzisa iindlela zokufunda zale mihla, ezinje ngezifundo zevidiyo, iifayile zomsindo, kunye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo.
3. Ukutyala imali kwizinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu zolwimi Lwasejavanese, ezinjengeencwadi zezifundo, izichazi-magama neencwadi zencoko.
4. Zifumanele iqabane lolwimi Lwasejavanese, njengesithethi somthonyama okanye umntu ofunda ulwimi.
5. Beka ixesha kunye nomzamo wokuziqhelanisa kunye nokuphononongwa rhoqo.
6. Joyina uluntu lwe-intanethi okanye amaqela apho unokuncokola nabanye abafundi kunye nezithethi zomthonyama Ngesijavanese.
7. Zibekele usukelo onokulufikelela ngokulula.
8. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yiya Kwijava kwaye uzicwilise kulwimi nenkcubeko.

I-Yiddish lulwimi lwakudala oluneengcambu Ngekhulu le-10 Lejamani, nangona luthethwe Kumbindi Nasempuma Yurophu ukususela kwixesha eliphakathi. Iyindibaniselwano yeelwimi ezininzi, ikakhulu isijamani, isihebhere, Isiaramiki, Kunye neslavic iilwimi. I-Yiddish ngamanye amaxesha ithathwa njengesiyelelane, kodwa ngokwenene, ulwimi olupheleleyo kunye ne-syntax yayo, i-morphology kunye nesigama. Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kuye kwancipha ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ngenxa yokufuduka, ukufana, kunye notshintsho kwiimeko zentlalo, kodwa kusathethwa Ngamayuda amaninzi Obuothodoki kwamanye amazwe namhlanje.

Nangona kungekho sikhokelo esisemthethweni se-Yiddish, abo basathetha ngayo bayazi ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ngeenjongo zolwimi kunye nenkcubeko. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho abantu kwihlabathi liphela abazinikele ekugcineni ulwimi ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela Zeyiddish. Abaguquleli banceda ukuvala ukwahlula phakathi kwabo baqonda I-Yiddish kunye nabo bangenayo.

Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zaseyiddish zinokunceda ekufumaneni amagama esihebhere aye aba yinxalenye yolwimi Lwaseyiddish, njengamagama avela Ebhayibhileni okanye amabinzana asetyenziselwa amasiko onqulo. Ngoncedo lokuguqulela, la mabinzana angcwele anokufakwa ngokufanelekileyo ekubhaleni okanye ekuthetheni Ngesiyiddish. Kulabo abangazi kakuhle ulwimi, ukukwazi ukufikelela kwiinguqulelo Ze-Yiddish kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Iinguqulelo zamaxwebhu Eyiddish ziye zasetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi ukutyhubela imbali, njengokufuduka nokufuduka, unqulo, uncwadi, iilwimi, nembali Yamayuda. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukufumana abaguquleli abafanelekileyo Baseyiddish abaqinisekisiweyo ngesihebhere nangesijamani. Ukongeza kulwimi ngokwalo, ezi ngcali kufuneka zazi inkcubeko, umongo, kunye neemeko zemibhalo eyahlukeneyo ukuze iinguqulelo zazo zithathe ngokuchanekileyo injongo yoqobo.

Iinguqulelo zeyiddish aziboleki nje kuphela uncedo olukhulu kwabo bazama ukufunda ulwimi, kodwa zikwanceda ukugcina ulwimi luphila. Ngokuncedisa ukuthutha amagama Kunye namabinzana kwezinye iilwimi, iinguqulelo zinceda ukuthintela ulwimi ukuba lungapheli ngokupheleleyo. Ngoncedo lwabaguquleli abanezakhono, I-Yiddish igcinwa iphilile kwaye iphilile ngelixa inikezela ifestile kwinkcubeko kunye nezithethe zabantu Bamayuda.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lweyiddish?

I-Yiddish ithethwa ikakhulu kwimimandla Yamayuda Eunited States, Kwasirayeli, Erashiya, Ebelarus, Eukraine, Epoland Nasehungary. Kwakhona kuthethwa ngamanani amancinane Amayuda Efransi, Eargentina, Eostreliya, Emzantsi Afrika, Ecanada nakwamanye amazwe.

Yintoni I-Yiddish language?

I-Yiddish lulwimi oluneengcambu Zalo Kwisijamani Esiphakathi Kwaye kuthethwa kwihlabathi Lonke Ngamayuda Aseashkenazi. Iye yasebenza njengolwimi oluphambili Lwamayuda Ase-Ashkenazi ukususela ekusekweni kwayo kwinkulungwane ye-9, xa uluntu lwamayuda lwachuma kwindawo ngoku ebizwa Ngokuba Yijamani kunye nomntla Wefransi. Ngumxube weelwimi ezininzi kubandakanya isihebhere Nesiaramiki, Kunye Neslavic,Uthando Kunye Neelwimi Eziphakathi zasejamani.
I-Yiddish yaqala ukuthandwa phakathi Kwamayuda Aseyurophu malunga nekhulu le-12, xa yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengolwimi oluthethwayo kunokuba lubhalwe ngokuqhelekileyo. Oku kwakubangelwa yindawo Yamayuda, ayesoloko ehlukaniswa ngokwendawo kwaye ngaloo ndlela aphuhlise iziyelelane ezihlukeneyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-15 neye-16, Iyiddish yasasazeka Kulo Lonke Elaseyurophu, isiba lulwimi lwamayuda Aseyurophu.
I-Yiddish iye yaphenjelelwa kakhulu ziilwimi zasekuhlaleni Apho Amayuda ayehlala khona, ukwenzela ukuba iziyelelane ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphuhliswa Eyurophu, Eafrika Nasemerika. Phezu kwako nje ukwahluka kwangaphakathi, iilwimi zaseyiddish zabelana ngegrama, isivakalisi nesigama esiqhelekileyo, ezinye iziyelelane ziphenjelelwa ngamandla sisihebhere nezinye ngeelwimi ezisandul ' ukudibana.
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, uncwadi Lwesiyiddish lwachuma yaye kwapapashwa iincwadi namaphephancwadi amaninzi ngolwimi. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwe-anti-Semitism, ukufuduswa kwamayuda amaninzi emva Kwemfazwe YEHLABATHI II, kunye nokwamkelwa kwesingesi njengolwimi oluphambili Eunited States kwakhokelela ekunciphiseni Kweyiddish njengolwimi oluthethwayo. Namhlanje, kusekho izigidi zabantu abathetha Iyiddish ehlabathini lonke, ubukhulu becala Emntla Merika Nakwasirayeli, nangona olu lwimi lungasasetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengangaphambili.

Ngoobani abona bantu ba-5 baphambili abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lweyiddish?

1. U-Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (1858-1922): Uben-Yehuda ubizwa ngokuvuselela ulwimi lwesihebhere, awenzayo ngokufaka amagama Amaninzi Aseyiddish kwisihebhere. Kwakhona waba ngowokuqala ukuqulunqa isichazi-magama esibanzi sesihebhere sale mihla waza wabhala amanqaku neencwadi ngolwimi.
2. Usholem Aleichem (1859-1916): U-Aleichem wayengumlobi odumileyo Waseyiddish owabhala ngobomi Bamayuda empuma Yurophu. Imisebenzi yakhe, kuquka Utevye I-Dairyman, yanceda ukwandisa nokusabalalisa I-Yiddish kwihlabathi lonke.
3. Ibanga le-Chaim (1910-1982): Ibanga lalingumlobi Owaziwayo We-Yiddish kunye nembongi. Imisebenzi yakhe, echaza imizabalazo yobomi Bamayuda, ithathwa njengenye yezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo ngolwimi Lweyiddish.
4. Umax Weinreich (1894-1969): ingcali yeelwimi, unjingalwazi kunye nomsunguli kunye nomlawuli WEYIVO Institute For Jewish Research Evilnius, Elithuania, Weinreich wanikezela umsebenzi wakhe wobomi kwisifundo kunye nokukhuthaza Iyiddish.
5. Itzik Manger (1900-1969): Manger wayeyimbongi Yiddish kwaye omnye wababhali abakhulu bekhulu lama-20. Wayenempembelelo enkulu ekuvuseleleni nasekuphuculeni ulwimi.

Uluphi ulwimi Lwe-Yiddish?

Inkqubo Ye-Yiddish iphantse yafana neyesijamani. Inamagama, amabinzana, kunye nezivakalisi ezakhiwe ngokulandelelana kwesihloko-isenzi-into. I-Yiddish ithambekele ekubeni imfutshane kunesijamani, isebenzisa amanqaku ambalwa, izindululo, kunye nezihlanganisi ezingaphantsi. I-Yiddish ayinayo inkqubo efanayo yokudibanisa izenzi njengesijamani, kwaye ezinye izenzi zihluke kulabo basejamani. I-Yiddish inamasuntswana ongezelelweyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingafumanekiyo ngesijamani.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi Lweyiddish ngendlela echanekileyo?

Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda I-Yiddish kukuntywila kulwimi. Oku kuthetha ukumamela iincoko Zeyiddish, ukufunda iincwadi Zeyiddish kunye namaphephandaba, kunye nokubukela iimovie Zeyiddish kunye nemiboniso kamabonwakude. Unokuthatha iklasi Ye-Yiddish kwiziko loluntu lendawo, iyunivesithi okanye kwi-intanethi. Qiniseka ukuba uyaziqhelanisa nokuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama ukukunceda ukuba uqhele ukubiza kunye negrama. Okokugqibela, gcina i-Yiddish-English dictionary kunye neetafile zesenzi zikulungele ukukunceda ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba unayo.