Usapho O. s. Guqulela

Ulwimi Lwesitamil lulwimi Oluthethwa Ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-78 ubukhulu becala Eindiya, Esri Lanka Nasesingapore. Njengenye yeelwimi ezihlala ixesha elide emhlabeni, Itamil inembali etyebileyo, sele ithethwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2000. Olu lwimi luye lwabunjwa ziimpembelelo ezininzi zenkcubeko ukususela ekusekweni kwalo, kuquka Amandiya, amapersi nesiarabhu.

Ngenxa yoko, Ulwimi Lwesitamil lulwimi olufanelwe yintlonelo nokwamkelwa. Ulwimi sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu; lulwimi olusemthethweni lwelizwe Laseindiya Itamil Nadu, kwaye ikwayenye yeelwimi ezisemthethweni Zasesri Lanka.

Ngenxa yokubaluleka Kwesitamil, akumangalisi ukuba amashishini amaninzi ajonge ukusebenzisa olu lwimi lukhulu. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela ngoku ziyafumaneka kwabo bafuna ukunxibelelana nabantu abathetha Isitamil. Nokuba yeyokusetyenziswa kweshishini okanye izizathu zobuqu, abantu abaninzi bafumana izibonelelo zokuba namaxwebhu abo, iiwebhusayithi, okanye ezinye izinto eziguqulelwe Ngesitamil.

Inkqubo yokuguqulela ukusuka kulwimi lomthombo ukuya Kulwimi Lwesitamil ingaba nzima kwaye ichitha ixesha. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka baqonde kakuhle ulwimi lomthombo kunye nolwimi olujoliswe kulo, njengoko kukho ukungafani okucacileyo phakathi kwabo. Abaguquleli akufuneki baqonde igrama yolwimi lomthombo kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo luchanekile, kodwa kufuneka babe nokuqonda okunzulu kwenkcubeko kunye nemilinganiselo yolwimi Lwesitamil ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke intsingiselo yesicatshulwa idluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Abaguquleli abanamava Basetamil E-CyraCom bangaphezulu kokukwazi ukunyamekela iimfuno zakho zokuguqulela. Ukuba iminyaka yamava entsimini, baqonda ukubaluleka kokudlulisela umyalezo ngokuchanekileyo ngendlela eyinyaniso kulwimi lwenkobe. Ngokuqonda kwinqanaba leengcali kwigrama yolwimi Lwesitamil, isigama, kunye nemiba yenkcubeko, baqinisekile ukukunika eyona nguqulelo ichanekileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu kunokwenzeka.

Nokuba ufuna ukuguqulela uxwebhu lomntu okanye iwebhusayithi yeshishini, iinkonzo zokuguqulela Zesitamil ezinokuthenjwa zinokukunceda ufezekise iinjongo zakho. Ezi nkonzo aziboneleli ngokuchaneka kunye nokulula, kodwa zinokukunceda uvule amathuba amatsha kuwe okanye kwishishini lakho. Nxibelelana nenkonzo yokuguqulela yobungcali namhlanje ukufumana ukuba kulula kangakanani ukufumana amaxwebhu akho, iiwebhusayithi, okanye ezinye izinto eziguqulelwe Ngesitamil.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha Ulwimi Lwesitamil?

Isitamil lulwimi olusemthethweni Eindiya, Esri Lanka, Esingapore Nasemalaysia. Ikwathethwa kwimimandla Yasemzantsi Afrika, Emauritius Naseunited states.

Luluphi ulwimi Oluthethwa Ngesitamil?

Ulwimi Lwesitamil lunembali ende kwaye inembali. Kukholelwa ukuba yenye yeelwimi ezindala eziphilayo emhlabeni, kunye neerekhodi ezibuyela kwi-2 yekhulu LEMINYAKA BCE. Iphuhliswe ngokudityaniswa kweelwimi Zeproto-Dravidian kunye nesisanskrit, ezikhokelela kubuntu bayo obahlukileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ulwimi lwasasazeka Kulo Lonke Elasemzantsi Asia nakwinxalenye Ye-Southeast Asia ngexesha Le-Tamil Sangam (300BCE UKUYA KWI-300C). Ngexesha lobukoloniyali Basebritane, ulwimi lwakhula njengoko abantu babefuna ukugcina inkcubeko yabo iphila kwaye balondoloze isazisi sabo. Emva kokuba I-Indiya iphumelele inkululeko, Itamil yanikwa isikhundla esisemthethweni Kumgaqo-Siseko Wase-Indiya kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuba yenye yeelwimi ezithethwayo nezihloniphekileyo kweli lizwe namhlanje.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi Lwesitamil?

1. Thiruvalluvar 2. Subramanyam Bharathi 3. U. V. Swaminatha Iyer 4. Kuba 5. Avvaiyarname

Uluphi ulwimi Lwesitamil?

Isitamil lulwimi oludala kakhulu, kwaye ubume bayo bubonisa oku. I-agglutinative ulwimi-oko kuthetha ukuba amagama akhiwa ngokudibanisa iiyunithi ezincinci zentsingiselo. I-Tamil nayo inomyalelo Wesifundo Sesenzi, kunye nenkqubo etyebileyo ye-morphology yegama kunye nomlomo. Lulwimi oludityanisiweyo - oko kuthetha ukuba endaweni yokuxhomekeka kumyalelo wegama kunye neziphakamiso ukubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwamagama, I-Tamil ixhomekeke ekongezeni izimaphambili, izimamva, kunye ne-infixes ukuguqula amagama kunye nokubonisa umsebenzi wabo kwisivakalisi. Oku kuthetha ukuba igama elifanayo linokuba neentsingiselo ezininzi okanye lisebenzise nje ngokutshintsha i-affix okanye i-infix.

Indlela yokufunda Ulwimi Lwesitamil ngendlela echanekileyo?

1) Mamela iincoko Zesitamil: Qala ngokumamela iincoko Zesitamil kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqhelane nolwimi kwaye uqonde indlela amagama abizwa ngayo.
2) Bukela Iimovie KUNYE Nemiboniso YETV: Ukubukela iimovie Zesitamil kunye nemiboniso YETV yindlela entle yokufunda ulwimi ngokwendalo. Nika ingqalelo kwiingxoxo kwaye uzame ukuthabatha igrama kunye nesigama.
3) Funda iincwadi: Ukufunda iincwadi Ngesitamil kunokunceda ukuphucula ukuqonda kwakho ulwimi. Khangela iincwadi ezikwinqanaba lakho kwaye ubonelele ngemithambo okanye iinguqulelo.
4) Thatha iiklasi: Ukuthatha iiklasi yindlela enhle yokufunda ulwimi ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Jonga iikhosi ezinikezelwa ziiyunivesithi zendawo okanye izikolo zolwimi ezikwi-intanethi.
5) Sebenzisa tamil tutors: Ukusebenza nabahlohli Tamil okanye abacebisi yindlela esebenzayo yokuphucula ngokukhawuleza izakhono zakho zolwimi. Fumana abahlohli abakwi-intanethi abanokukunika ingxelo rhoqo kunye neengcebiso.
6) Ukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha: eyona ndlela yokufunda ulwimi kukuziqhelanisa nokuthetha rhoqo. Fumana amathuba okuthetha nezithethi zomthonyama Zesitamil okanye usebenzise usetyenziso lokutshintsha ulwimi.

Itajik, okanye Itajik, lulwimi oluthethwa Kumbindi Asia Nakumbindi Mpuma. Ulwimi Lwase-Indo-Iran, olunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesipersi kodwa kunye neempawu zayo ezahlukileyo. Etajikistan, lulwimi olusemthethweni, kwaye ikwathethwa ngabancinci Ekazakhstan, Euzbekistan, Eafghanistan Naserussia. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, kukho imfuno eyandayo yokuguqulela ukusuka nasetajik.

Inguqulelo yetajik yinkonzo ebalulekileyo kumashishini nakubantu ngabanye. Kumashishini, iinkonzo zokuguqulela etajik zibonelela ngokufikelela kwiimarike ezintsha, zivumela iinkampani ukuba zinxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo nabanye kwicandelo labo. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwabo benza urhwebo lwamanye amazwe kunye norhwebo. Iinkonzo zokuguqulela zinokusetyenziselwa ukuququzelela unxibelelwano phakathi kwamasebe karhulumente, ukunceda imibutho yoluntu kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente ukuba ihlale iphendula kwaye isebenza.

Abantu kusenokufuneka basebenzise iinkonzo zomguquleli xa befaka isicelo somsebenzi okanye xa befuna uncedo lwezonyango. Amashishini abandakanyeka kwintengiso ye-intanethi anokufumana kuluncedo ukusebenzisa iinguqulelo zomxholo wewebhusayithi kunye nezinto zokwazisa etajik.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zobungcali xa kuguqulelwa phakathi kwazo naziphi na iilwimi ezimbini. Abaguquleli abaqeqeshiweyo banobuchule kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye baqonda izinto zolwimi ngalunye. Baqinisekisa ukuchaneka, ukucaca nokufundeka kwiinguqulelo zabo. Umguquleli oqeqeshiweyo naye uqhubeka enolwazi lwaso nasiphi na isigama esitshintshayo, esibalulekileyo ekuchanekeni.

Abaguquleli abaqinisekisiweyo baxabiseke kakhulu kwiindibaniselwano zolwimi ezingenayo imigangatho ephucukileyo. Bangakwazi ukuguqulela amaxwebhu ngokuchanekileyo nangendlela eya kwamkelwa ngabafuduki kunye nezinye iinkonzo zikarhulumente. Iinguqulelo eziqinisekisiweyo zihlala zifuneka kwizicelo kwiiyunivesithi kunye neenjongo zokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe.

Ukuba ufuna iinkonzo zokuguqulela itajik, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe umboneleli onokuthenjwa, oqeqeshiweyo. Khetha umguquleli onamava kwicandelo lakho kwaye unokuhambisa ngexesha. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqwalasele umgangatho womsebenzi wabo, njengoko iinguqulelo ezininzi zineempazamo. Uphando olunzulu kunye nophononongo lwabathengi lunokukunceda ufumane umguquleli onokumthemba.

Ngawaphi amazwe athetha ulwimi lwesitajik?

Ulwimi lwesitajik ikakhulu luthethwa Etajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan nasekyrgyzstan. Ikwathethwa ngabantu abancinci Erashiya, Eturkey, Epakistan, Eiran, nakwamanye amazwe awayesakuba Yisoviet republics.

Yintoni imbali yolwimi lwesitajik?

I-Tajik yinguqulelo yanamhlanje yolwimi lwesipersi oluthethwa E-Iran Nase-Afghanistan. Ikakhulu yindibaniselwano yeelwimi ezivela kulwimi lwasepersi kunye nolwangaphambili, Umpersi Ophakathi (okwabizwa Ngokuba Ngupahlavi). Kuye kwachaphazeleka kakhulu kwezinye iilwimi, kubandakanya isirashiya, isingesi, Isimandarin, Isihindi, isiuzbek, isiturkmen kunye nabanye. Ulwimi lwangoku lwesitajik lwaqala ukusekwa ngexesha le-8th century AD, xa izizwe zasempuma Ze-Iranian, ezazize kummandla emva Kokunqoba Kwe-Arabhu Yasepersia, zamkela ulwimi kwaye zaqala ukulusebenzisa kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ngenkulungwane ye-9, isixeko Sasebukhara saba likomkhulu lobukhosi bamasamanid, obabuyindawo yokuqala yokuthetha amapersi Kumbindi Weasia. Ngeli xesha, inkcubeko kunye noncwadi lwachuma kuloo ndawo, kwaye ulwimi oluthethwayo lwalo mmandla ngokuthe ngcembe lwavela kwinto esiyaziyo ngoku njengetajik.
Ngekhulu lama-20, ulwimi lwesitajik lwaqulunqwa ngokusemthethweni kwaye lufakwe kwiikharityhulam zezikolo. Ukusukela ngoko, iye yaba lulwimi olubalulekileyo Kumbindi Asia. Ulwimi luye lwavela, kwaye amagama amatsha afakiwe kwisigama kule minyaka idlulileyo. Namhlanje, itajik lulwimi olusemthethweni Lwasetajikistan kwaye kuthethwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-7, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwelizwe.

Ngoobani abaphezulu be-5 abaye banegalelo elikhulu kulwimi lwesitajik?

1. Abdulmejid Dzhuraev-umphengululi, umbhali kunye unjingalwazi ulwimi Tajik owaba negalelo standardization yayo mihla.
2. Umirzo Tursunzoda-imbongi eyaziwayo, ezopolitiko kunye nombhali wasetajikistan owaziwayo ngendima yakhe ekudumiseni ulwimi lwesitajik kunye noncwadi.
3. I-Sadriddin Aini-umbhali odumileyo wasetajik onemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yelifa lemveli letajik.
4. Uakhmadjon Mahmudov-umbhali, ingcali yeelwimi, nomphengululi owayencedisa ekumiseleni iindibano zokubhala zale mihla zesitajik.
5. Umuhammadjon Sharipov - imbongi kunye nomlobi wezincoko oncedise ekubumbeni ulwimi lwesitajik ngemisebenzi yakhe.

Uluphi ulwimi lwetajik?

Ulwimi lwesitajik lolwesebe lase-Iranian losapho Lwe-Indo-European. Isakhiwo sayo esisisiseko sinamacandelo amabini: ulwimi lwakudala Lwase-Iranian, olubonakaliswa yinkqubo yesini esithathu, kunye neelwimi Zaseasia, ezibonakaliswa yinkqubo yesini esibini. Ukongeza, ulwimi luquka iziqalelo zesiarabhu,isipersi, kunye nezinye iilwimi, ezibonisa iyantlukwano yenkcubeko. Ulwimi lwetajik lunesakhiwo sokuhlalutya, esithetha ukuba sixhomekeke ngakumbi kulandelelwano lwegama kunye nezixhobo ezihambelanayo ezinjengeziphelo zecala kune-morphology ye-infectional. Umyalelo wegama ubaluleke kakhulu kwi-Tajik; izivakalisi ziqala ngesihloko kwaye ziphele ngesivisa.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi lwesitajik ngendlela echanekileyo?

1. Qala ngokufumana incwadi elungileyo yolwimi lwetajik okanye ikhosi ekwi-intanethi. Qiniseka ukuba igubungela igrama, ukufunda, ukubhala, ukuthetha kunye nokumamela.
2. Fumana ukurekhodwa kwevidiyo kwi-taiwan kwaye ubukele iividiyo kwi-taiwan. Qiniseka ukuba ugxininise ekubizeni kwaye uzame ukuxelisa.
3. Qala ukufunda iitekisi ezilula etajik. Zama ukuqikelela intsingiselo yamagama angaqhelekanga kwaye ujonge ukubizwa kwamagama kunye neenkcazo zala magama.
4. Ziqhelise ukuthetha Tajik kunye izithethi zomthonyama. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokutshintshiselana ngewebhusayithi ezifana Ne-Italki okanye I-Exchange Exchange. Unokujoyina iklabhu yolwimi lwetajik okanye ikhosi.
5. Practice ukubhala Tajik usebenzisa izixhobo online ezifana translate Okanye Google Translate.
6. Okokugqibela, zibekele usukelo oluthe rhoqo ukuze ugcine inkuthazo yakho iphezulu kwaye ulandele inkqubela yakho.