Isi-estonia Isidanishi Humusha

Ukuhumusha ngesi-estonia kuyingxenye ebalulekile yamabhizinisi amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Ukuhunyushwa kwemibhalo ngolimi lwesi-estonia kungaba usizo olukhulu ezinkampanini ezifisa ukuxhumana namakhasimende azo angaba khona noma akhona ase-estonia.

Isi-estonia siwulimi Lwesifinnish-Ugric, oluhlobene nesifinnish futhi olukhulunywa iningi labantu Base-Estonia. Inezici zayo eziyingqayizivele nohlelo lolimi oluhluke kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, inguqulo yesi-estonia idinga umhumushi onolwazi owazi kahle ulimi nemininingwane yalo.

Lapho kucatshangelwa umsebenzi wokuhumusha ngesi-estonia, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuxhumana ngokunembile nangokusobala kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhumusha kumelwe kumelele ngokwethembeka umyalezo wokuqala, futhi noma yimaphi amaphutha noma ukushiywa kungenza ubudlelwane bebhizinisi phakathi kwamaqembu ahilelekile bube nzima. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubandakanya isikhulumi somdabu ngokuqonda okujulile kolimi nemininingwane yalo.

Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe izindleko zokuhumusha. Izinga liyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezici ezinjengokuphuthuma kwephrojekthi, ubude bombhalo, ubunzima bomyalezo, nezinye izici ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhumushi okhethiwe unokwethenjelwa, uyakwazi futhi unenani elifanele.

Imibhalo ehunyushwe ngobungcweti ibalulekile ekuzuzeni impumelelo kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi elihlobene Ne-Estonia, kanye nokuhlakulela ubudlelwano obuhlala njalo namakhasimende kanye nabalingani ezweni. Umhumushi onokwethenjelwa wase-estonia angasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imiyalezo nolwazi kudluliselwa ngokunembile futhi ngaphandle kwamaphutha, okuyisihluthulelo sokugcina noma yimuphi umzamo webhizinisi usendleleni.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-estonia?

Ulimi lwesi-estonia lukhulunywa kakhulu e-Estonia, nakuba kunezikhulumi ezincane Elatvia, e-United states, Ecanada Naserussia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-estonia?

Ulimi lwesi-estonia lungolunye lwezilimi ezindala Kunazo Zonke Eyurophu, futhi lwaqala Ngenkathi Yetshe. Izihlobo zayo eziseduze kakhulu eziphilayo isifinnish nesihungary, zombili ezingezomkhaya wolimi Lwesi-Uralic. Imibhalo yokuqala ebhalwe ngesi-estonia iqala ngekhulu le-13, lapho kunyatheliswa incwadi yokuqala ngalolu limi ngo-1525.
Ekhulwini le-16, isi-estonia sathonywa kakhulu isijalimane, njengoba Amajalimane amaningi athuthela e-Estonia phakathi Nenguquko. Ngekhulu le-19, iningi labantu abakhuluma isi-estonia lalikwazi ukukhuluma isirashiya, ngenxa yethonya elandayo Lombuso waserussia esifundeni.
Kusukela ekupheleni Kwempi Yezwe II, isi-estonia besilokhu siwulimi olusemthethweni E-Estonia futhi sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni yamuva, lolu limi luye lwavuselelwa, izizukulwane ezisencane zalwamukela futhi izifundo ezihlukahlukene zolimi zitholakala kuyi-internet.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-estonia?

1. Ufriedrich robert faehlmann (17981850) – imbongi nesazi sezilimi esasebenza ukuze sivumelanise ulimi lwesi-estonia Phakathi Nekhulu le-19.
2. Ujakob hurt (18391907) umfundisi nesazi sezilimi owahola ukunyakaza kolimi olubhaliwe lwase – estonia oluzimele.
3. Ujohannes Aavik (18801973) isazi sezilimi esivelele nesazi sohlelo lolimi esahlanganisa futhi sahlanganisa uhlelo lolimi lwesi – estonia nokupela amagama.
4. Ujuhan Liiv (18641913) – imbongi nomuntu wezincwadi owabhala kakhulu ngesi-estonia futhi waba nethonya elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulimi.
5. Ujaan kross (19202007) – umbhali odumile wezincwadi owasebenzisa ulimi lwesi-estonia ngendlela yesimanje, entsha, esiza ukuletha ekhulwini lama-21.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesi-estonia sakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi lwesi-estonia luwulimi oluhlanganisiwe, oluhlanganisiwe oluphakathi kwezilimi zase-Uralic. Inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokwemvelo, esinohlelo lwamagama angu-14, izikhathi ezimbili, izici ezimbili nezimo ezine. Isimiso sokukhuluma sase-estonia silula, sinokuhlanganiswa kathathu namazwi amabili. Ukuhleleka kwamagama kukhululekile futhi kuguquguquka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi estonia ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo. Beg ngokuzijwayeza izinhlamvu zesi-estonia nokufunda indlela yokubiza izinhlamvu. Ukwazi izinhlamvu zamagama kuyisisekelo sanoma yiluphi ulimi futhi kuyokusiza uzizwe uzethemba ekukhulumeni ngendlela efanele.
2. Lalela futhi ukhulume. Start ukuprakthiza ukulalela nokuphindaphinda imisindo namazwi ozwayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba ujwayelane kakhudlwana nolimi futhi uqonde kangcono indlela yokubiza amagama. Uma uzizwa usukulungele, uqale ukuprakthiza ukukhuluma isi-estonia ngokuzwakalayo, ngisho noma kungumndeni nabangane kuphela.
3. Funda futhi ubhale. Jwayelana lolimi Estonian futhi uqale ngokubhala imisho elula ngesi-estonia. Ungesabi ukwenza amaphutha! Ukufunda izincwadi, amabhulogi kanye nezihloko ngesi-estonia kuzokusiza futhi uthole ukuqonda okungcono kolimi.
4. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ulimi, ama-podcast namavidiyo ukuze uthole ukuchayeka okwengeziwe ngesi-estonia. Lokhu kuzokusiza wandise silulumagama yakho futhi ufunde ukusebenzisa ulimi ezihlukahlukene izimo ezahlukene.
5. Prakthiza nge isikhulumi bomdabu. Indlela enkulu ukuzijayeza estonia yakho ukuthola isikhulumi bomdabu ukuxoxa online noma mathupha. Cela ukuba ulungise lapho kudingeka futhi unikeze impendulo yokuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani.

Ukuhunyushwa kwesidanish: Ukubuka Konke Kwensizakalo

Isidanish siwulimi olusemthethweni Edenmark, futhi ngokuvamile sikhulunywa Nasegreenland Naseziqhingini zasefaroe. Ngenxa yalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesidanish ziye zaba ithuluzi elibaluleke ngokwengeziwe kumabhizinisi nakubantu ngabanye ngokufanayo. Ngomlando wayo omude futhi onemigqa, ulimi lwesidanish luyitshe legumbi lesiko nobunikazi basedenmark, futhi selwamukelwe nakwamanye amazwe.

Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, ukuhumusha ngesidanish kuhilela ukuguqula umbhalo usuke kolunye ulimi uye kolunye. Le nqubo idinga abahumushi abanekhono abaqonda ama-nuances nobunzima bolimi lwesidanish futhi abangakwazi ukuhumusha ngokunembile lokho okushiwoyo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezinsizakalo zokuhumusha zihlanganisa ukuhumusha imibhalo, ukuhumusha iwebhusayithi nesofthiwe, ukuhumusha izingqungquthela, ukuhumusha imultimedia, ukubhalwa komsindo nevidiyo, nokuhumusha okusemthethweni. Ukunemba kwedokhumenti ehunyushiwe kuncike ekhwalithi yomsebenzi womhumushi.

Lapho ukhetha umhumushi wasedenmark, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga labo lobungcweti nokuhlangenwe nakho. Umhumushi kufanele abe nolwazi olunzulu kuzo zonke izici zolimi lwesidanish futhi abe nokuqonda isiko namasiko ahlobene nalo. Kufanele futhi bakwazi ukuhumusha ngokunembile nangempumelelo idokhumenti yokuqala ngolimi okuhloswe ngalo.

Ekuhumusheni imibhalo, kunezici eziningana ezingathinta ukunemba nekhwalithi yokuhumusha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imibhalo enegama eliyinkimbinkimbi elingokomthetho noma lobuchwepheshe idinga izinga eliphakeme lobungcweti kunemibhalo ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhumushi kufanele abe nolwazi olukhethekile ngale ndaba ukuze aqinisekise ukunemba.

Ukuze kutholakale iwebhusayithi noma isofthiwe, kunezici eziningana eziyinhloko okumelwe zicatshangelwe. Iwebhusayithi noma isofthiwe kufanele yenziwe ngezifiso ukuze isetshenziswe izilaleli ezihlosiwe futhi yenziwe endaweni yolimi namasiko azo. Akufanele nje kuphela ukuthi okuqukethwe kunembile, kodwa futhi kufanele kube lula ukuzulazula, kube lula ukuyisebenzisa futhi kube mnandi ngobuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokwenziwa kwendawo kufanele icabangele noma yimaphi ama-nuances amasiko azohlangana nezithameli ezihlosiwe.

Ukuhumusha izingqungquthela kudinga umhumushi onekhono ukuba alalele futhi aqonde izingxoxo phakathi kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu abakhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene. Umhumushi kumelwe akwazi ukuhumusha ingxoxo ngokunembile kuyilapho egcina ubuqotho bomyalezo.

Ukufakwa endaweni kwe-multimedia kuhilela ukuhunyushwa kwezinto ezilalelwayo nezibonwayo zibe ulimi okuhloswe ngalo. Lolu hlobo lokuhumusha ludinga ukuqonda ngokucophelela kokubili ulimi oluwumthombo nolimi oluqondisiwe.

Ukubhalwa komsindo nevidiyo kuhilela ukuthatha ukuqoshwa komsindo nokukuguqula kube umbhalo obhaliwe. Umlobi kufanele abe nokuqonda okuhle ngolimi olusetshenziswe ekuqopheni kanye nencazelo ehlosiwe.

Ekugcineni, ukuhumusha okungokomthetho kuhilela ukuhumusha imibhalo engokomthetho enjengezivumelwano, imibhalo yasenkantolo, izahlulelo nemithetho. Abahumushi kumelwe baqonde amagama angokomthetho ahlobene nale mibhalo futhi bakwazi ukuhumusha ngokunembile incazelo yombhalo.

Ngamafuphi, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesidanish zivumela izinkampani nabantu ngabanye ukuba baxhumane ngokuphumelelayo nozakwabo abakhuluma isidanish. Abahumushi abanekhono nabanolwazi babalulekile ekuhumusheni okuphumelelayo nasekuchazeni okunembile. Lapho kukhethwa umhumushi, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye kufanele bacabangele amazinga obuchwepheshe nokuhlangenwe nakho komhumushi, kanye nohlobo lwedokhumenti abafuna ukulihumusha.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isidanish?

Ulimi lwesidanish lukhulunywa Kakhulu Edenmark nasezindaweni ezithile Zasejalimane Naseziqhingini zasefaroe. Kukhulunywa futhi ngezinga elincane yimiphakathi emincane Enorway, Esweden Nasecanada.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesidanish?

Ulimi lwesidanish lunomlando ocebile ohlanganisa iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, osukela Emuva Esinorse Esidala nakwezinye izilimi Zasenyakatho Germanic zangaphambi komlando. Phakathi Nenkathi Yamaviking, isidanish sasiwulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu endaweni manje eyaziwa Ngokuthi Idenmark naseningizimu Yesweden. Yaqhubeka isetshenziswa njengolimi olusemthethweni Lwasedenmark kwaze kwaba cishe ngekhulu le-16 futhi kancane kancane yavela yaba ulimi lwesidanish lwanamuhla. Maphakathi nawo-1800, isidanish sasiwulimi lwesibili olukhulunywa Kakhulu Edenmark ngemva kwesijalimane. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lolu limi luye lwavela ngezinguquko eziningana zefonoloji, ze-morphological, nezamagama. Namuhla, isidanish siwulimi lukazwelonke Lwasedenmark Naseziqhingini Zasefaroe, futhi sikhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-6 emhlabeni wonke.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesidanish?

1. U-N. F. s. Grundtvig (17831872): owaziwa ngokuthi "Uyise Wesidanish Sanamuhla", Ugundtvig wabhala izingoma eziningi zikazwelonke Zasedenmark futhi wasiza ekwakheni ulimi lwanamuhla.
2. U-Adam Oehlenschläger (17791850): imbongi nombhali wemidlalo, kuthiwa wadala amagama amagama amaningi asedenmark, njenge - "ørnen" (ukhozi).
3. Urasmus rask (17871832): isazi sezilimi nesazi sezilimi, Urask wasungula uhlelo lokubhala isidanish olwalusetshenziswa kabanzi kwaze kwaba ngawo-1900.
4. Ujacob peter mynster (17751854): isazi semfundiso yenkolo nesimbongi esinamandla Esingumluthela, wabhala kabanzi ngesidanish futhi wacebisa ulimi ngamagama amasha nezinkulumo.
5. Uknud holbøll (19091969): owaziwa ngokuthi "Umshisekeli Wolimi lwesidanish", Uholbøll wayephethe ukwethula imithetho emisha namagama olimini.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesidanish sakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi lwesidanish luwulimi Lwasendiya-Yurophu lwegatsha Lasenyakatho Jalimane. Ihlobene kakhulu nesisweden nesinorway,ezakha ukuqhubeka kolimi okuqondakalayo. Isidanish sibonakala nge-morphology elula kanye ne-syntax. Ulimi ngokuyinhloko YI-svo (Subject Verb Object) ngokulandelana kwamagama futhi lunezinhlanganisela ezimbalwa zezenzi namacala ezinhlamvu.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Danish ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngezinto eziyisisekelo. Makeiseka ukuthi ufunda uhlelo lolimi oluyisisekelo, ukubiza amagama, kanye nesakhiwo somusho wesidanish ngaphambi kokudlulela ezihlokweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Funda izinto eziyisisekelo zolimi olubhaliwe ukuze uqonde ukuthi amagama abhalwa kanjani futhi ahlelwe kanjani lapho uwafunda.
2. Sebenzisa imithombo efana nezincwadi, izifundo eziku-inthanethi kanye nezifundo ezilalelwayo. Ukutshala imali enkambweni enhle yasedenmark kuzokusindisa isikhathi nemali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kukusize ufunde ulimi ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
3. Lalela izingxoxo Danish nomculo. Prakthiza ukuqonda izingxoxo in Danish ngokulalela radio danish, podcasts, noma ngisho ukubukela Ama Youtube. Futhi, lalela umculo Danish njengoba kuzokusiza ngcono pronunciation yakho kanye accent.
4. Zicwilise olimini. Chitha isikhathi uhlala Edenmark, uxhumana njalo nabantu abakhuluma isidanish, futhi ubuke imibukiso yethelevishini yasedenmark. Ukuzungeza ulimi kuyokusiza ukuba ufunde ngokushesha nangendlela engokwemvelo.
5. Prakthiza ukukhuluma nsuku zonke. Joyina club ingxoxo noma uthole umlingani exchange ulimi ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma isidanish njalo. Prakthiza nge umfundisi online noma umqeqeshi ulimi too. Lokhu ngeke nje kukusize ukuba ukhululeke kakhudlwana ukukhuluma ulimi kodwa futhi ngcono pronunciation yakho futhi izwi choice.