Isi-estonia Chuvash Humusha

Ukuhumusha ngesi-estonia kuyingxenye ebalulekile yamabhizinisi amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Ukuhunyushwa kwemibhalo ngolimi lwesi-estonia kungaba usizo olukhulu ezinkampanini ezifisa ukuxhumana namakhasimende azo angaba khona noma akhona ase-estonia.

Isi-estonia siwulimi Lwesifinnish-Ugric, oluhlobene nesifinnish futhi olukhulunywa iningi labantu Base-Estonia. Inezici zayo eziyingqayizivele nohlelo lolimi oluhluke kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, inguqulo yesi-estonia idinga umhumushi onolwazi owazi kahle ulimi nemininingwane yalo.

Lapho kucatshangelwa umsebenzi wokuhumusha ngesi-estonia, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuxhumana ngokunembile nangokusobala kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhumusha kumelwe kumelele ngokwethembeka umyalezo wokuqala, futhi noma yimaphi amaphutha noma ukushiywa kungenza ubudlelwane bebhizinisi phakathi kwamaqembu ahilelekile bube nzima. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubandakanya isikhulumi somdabu ngokuqonda okujulile kolimi nemininingwane yalo.

Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe izindleko zokuhumusha. Izinga liyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezici ezinjengokuphuthuma kwephrojekthi, ubude bombhalo, ubunzima bomyalezo, nezinye izici ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhumushi okhethiwe unokwethenjelwa, uyakwazi futhi unenani elifanele.

Imibhalo ehunyushwe ngobungcweti ibalulekile ekuzuzeni impumelelo kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi elihlobene Ne-Estonia, kanye nokuhlakulela ubudlelwano obuhlala njalo namakhasimende kanye nabalingani ezweni. Umhumushi onokwethenjelwa wase-estonia angasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imiyalezo nolwazi kudluliselwa ngokunembile futhi ngaphandle kwamaphutha, okuyisihluthulelo sokugcina noma yimuphi umzamo webhizinisi usendleleni.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-estonia?

Ulimi lwesi-estonia lukhulunywa kakhulu e-Estonia, nakuba kunezikhulumi ezincane Elatvia, e-United states, Ecanada Naserussia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-estonia?

Ulimi lwesi-estonia lungolunye lwezilimi ezindala Kunazo Zonke Eyurophu, futhi lwaqala Ngenkathi Yetshe. Izihlobo zayo eziseduze kakhulu eziphilayo isifinnish nesihungary, zombili ezingezomkhaya wolimi Lwesi-Uralic. Imibhalo yokuqala ebhalwe ngesi-estonia iqala ngekhulu le-13, lapho kunyatheliswa incwadi yokuqala ngalolu limi ngo-1525.
Ekhulwini le-16, isi-estonia sathonywa kakhulu isijalimane, njengoba Amajalimane amaningi athuthela e-Estonia phakathi Nenguquko. Ngekhulu le-19, iningi labantu abakhuluma isi-estonia lalikwazi ukukhuluma isirashiya, ngenxa yethonya elandayo Lombuso waserussia esifundeni.
Kusukela ekupheleni Kwempi Yezwe II, isi-estonia besilokhu siwulimi olusemthethweni E-Estonia futhi sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni yamuva, lolu limi luye lwavuselelwa, izizukulwane ezisencane zalwamukela futhi izifundo ezihlukahlukene zolimi zitholakala kuyi-internet.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-estonia?

1. Ufriedrich robert faehlmann (17981850) – imbongi nesazi sezilimi esasebenza ukuze sivumelanise ulimi lwesi-estonia Phakathi Nekhulu le-19.
2. Ujakob hurt (18391907) umfundisi nesazi sezilimi owahola ukunyakaza kolimi olubhaliwe lwase – estonia oluzimele.
3. Ujohannes Aavik (18801973) isazi sezilimi esivelele nesazi sohlelo lolimi esahlanganisa futhi sahlanganisa uhlelo lolimi lwesi – estonia nokupela amagama.
4. Ujuhan Liiv (18641913) – imbongi nomuntu wezincwadi owabhala kakhulu ngesi-estonia futhi waba nethonya elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulimi.
5. Ujaan kross (19202007) – umbhali odumile wezincwadi owasebenzisa ulimi lwesi-estonia ngendlela yesimanje, entsha, esiza ukuletha ekhulwini lama-21.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesi-estonia sakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi lwesi-estonia luwulimi oluhlanganisiwe, oluhlanganisiwe oluphakathi kwezilimi zase-Uralic. Inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokwemvelo, esinohlelo lwamagama angu-14, izikhathi ezimbili, izici ezimbili nezimo ezine. Isimiso sokukhuluma sase-estonia silula, sinokuhlanganiswa kathathu namazwi amabili. Ukuhleleka kwamagama kukhululekile futhi kuguquguquka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi estonia ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo. Beg ngokuzijwayeza izinhlamvu zesi-estonia nokufunda indlela yokubiza izinhlamvu. Ukwazi izinhlamvu zamagama kuyisisekelo sanoma yiluphi ulimi futhi kuyokusiza uzizwe uzethemba ekukhulumeni ngendlela efanele.
2. Lalela futhi ukhulume. Start ukuprakthiza ukulalela nokuphindaphinda imisindo namazwi ozwayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba ujwayelane kakhudlwana nolimi futhi uqonde kangcono indlela yokubiza amagama. Uma uzizwa usukulungele, uqale ukuprakthiza ukukhuluma isi-estonia ngokuzwakalayo, ngisho noma kungumndeni nabangane kuphela.
3. Funda futhi ubhale. Jwayelana lolimi Estonian futhi uqale ngokubhala imisho elula ngesi-estonia. Ungesabi ukwenza amaphutha! Ukufunda izincwadi, amabhulogi kanye nezihloko ngesi-estonia kuzokusiza futhi uthole ukuqonda okungcono kolimi.
4. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ulimi, ama-podcast namavidiyo ukuze uthole ukuchayeka okwengeziwe ngesi-estonia. Lokhu kuzokusiza wandise silulumagama yakho futhi ufunde ukusebenzisa ulimi ezihlukahlukene izimo ezahlukene.
5. Prakthiza nge isikhulumi bomdabu. Indlela enkulu ukuzijayeza estonia yakho ukuthola isikhulumi bomdabu ukuxoxa online noma mathupha. Cela ukuba ulungise lapho kudingeka futhi unikeze impendulo yokuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani.

Ukuhumusha kwesichuvash, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhumusha Kwesichuvash, kuyindlela ekhethekile yokuhumusha esetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngolimi Lwesichuvash. Lolu limi luvela kubantu Abangamachuvash, abahlala ezingxenyeni ezithile Zaserussia nase-Ukraine. Ingolunye lwezilimi Zamaturkic futhi inezikhulumi ezingaphezu kwesigidi, okwenza kube ulimi olubalulekile ukuhumushela kulo.

Ukuze uhumushe kahle Kusuka Noma uye Olimini Lwesichuvash, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhumusha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlamvu Zamagama Zesichuvash zihlukile ezinhlamvwini zesilatini, ezisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izilimi Zaseyurophu. Ngenxa yalokho, amagama aqukethe izinhlamvu Zesicyrillic ezifana No-A, П, С, Records kumelwe aguqulwe abe amagama afanayo esilatini ukuze aqondwe umfundi.

Inqubo yokuhumushela Olimini Lwesichuvash ihilela izinyathelo eziningana. Okokuqala, umhumushi kudingeka abe nokuqonda okukhulu kokubili izilimi eziwumthombo neziqondisiwe. Kumelwe baqonde ukwakheka kwemisho, incazelo, nokubizwa kolimi oluwumthombo. Khona-ke kumelwe bakwazi ukudlulisela lokhu ngendlela efanele olimini okuhloswe ngalo, becabangela imithetho yohlelo lolimi nesakhiwo semisho yolimi okuhloswe ngalo.

Lapho izinguqulo seziqediwe, umhumushi kumelwe aqhathanise ngokucophelela umbhalo wokuqala nenguqulo ehunyushiwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kunembile futhi kudlulisela umyalezo ohlosiwe ngendlela efanele. Futhi kuwumthwalo womhumushi ukwenza ukuhlola okwengeziwe ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkomba zamasiko namagama esipelingi ahunyushwa ngokunembile.

Kulabo abafuna ukufunda Isichuvash, kunezifundo ezihlukahlukene ezitholakala kuyi-internet nasemanyuvesi. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukufunda ulimi ngeke kunikeze ukuqonda okuphelele kokuhunyushwa Kwesichuvash. Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokuhumusha kungenziwa kuphela ngeminyaka yokusebenza nokuzinikela.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhumusha Isichuvash kuyikhono elibalulekile lokulawula uma ufisa ukuxhumana nabantu basechuvash. Ngendlela efanele nolwazi, kungaba okuhlangenwe nakho okudla isikhathi kodwa okuzuzisayo.

Yiluphi ulimi Lwesichuvash olukhulunywa kuwo?

Ulimi Lwesichuvash lukhulunywa kakhulu Eriphabhuliki Yasechuvash Yaserussia, kanye nasezingxenyeni Zasemari El, Etatarstan nase-Udmurtia Erussia, Nasekazakhstan nase-Ukraine.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesichuvash?

Ulimi Lwesichuvash luwulimi Lwesiturkic olukhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1,5 erussia. Yilona kuphela ilungu elisindile legatsha Lama-Oghur lezilimi Zamaturkic. Ulimi lwalukhulunywa kakhulu ezindaweni manje ezaziwa Ngokuthi Yiriphabhulikhi Yasechuvashia, etholakala esifundeni Sasevolga Erussia.
Umlando obhaliwe wolimi Lwesichuvash ungahle uhlehlele emuva ekhulwini le-13 kanti imibhalo yokuqala ebhaliwe itholakala emibhalweni yesandla kusukela ngekhulu le-14 nele-15. Eziningi zalezi zincwadi zembula ukuthi ulimi luye lwashintsha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ekhulwini le-15, ulimi Lwesichuvash lwaluthonywe kakhulu ulimi lwesitatar oluzungezile lwegolden horde futhi lwalubhalwe ngezinhlamvu zamagama zesitatar esidala.
Ekhulwini le-18, izinhlamvu Zamagama Zesichuvash zadalwa isazi saserussia, Usemyon remezov, esazisekela ezinhlamvwini Zamagama Zesicyrillic. Lolu alu lwezinhlamvu olusha lwasetshenziselwa ukudala izincwadi zokuqala ezinyathelisiwe Zesichuvash ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ulimi Lwesichuvash lwaqashelwa njengolimi olusemthethweni Lombuso waserussia futhi kwenziwa eminye imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezincwadi ngalesi sikhathi.
Ulimi Lwesichuvash luyaqhubeka lukhulunywa namuhla futhi lufundiswa nakwezinye izikole Eriphabhuliki Yasechuvashia. Kukhona nemizamo esebenzayo yokulondoloza nokukhuthaza lolu limi Erussia nakwamanye amazwe.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesichuvash?

1. Umikhail vasilevich yakovlev isazi sezilimi noprofesa Echuvash State Pedagogical University, owasungula uhlelo lolimi lokuqala oluphelele lolimi.
2. Uyakov Kostyukov-isazi sezilimi noprofesa Echuvash State Pedagogical University, owaba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni ulimi ngokuhlela nokushicilela imisebenzi eminingi.
3. Unikolay Ziberov-umsizi omkhulu ekungenisweni kwezinhlamvu zesilatini zolimi Lwesichuvash.
4. Uvasily peskov-uthisha, owasungula incwadi yokuqala yesikole yolimi Lwesichuvash ngo-1904.
5. U – Oleg bessonov-umuntu onethonya ekuthuthukiseni I-standard chuvash yanamuhla, owasebenza ukuhlanganisa izilimi ezahlukene zolimi.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesichuvash sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesichuvash lungolwemindeni yezilimi zamaturkic. Luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa ngokungeza uchungechunge lwezijobelelo nezijobelelo egameni eliyisisekelo. Ukuhleleka kwamagama ngokuvamile kuyisihloko-into-isenzo, ngokuhleleka kwamagama okukhululekile ngaphakathi kwemisho. Amagama ahlukaniswe aba ubulili obubili futhi athatha izijobelelo ezisekelwe ekilasini ukuze abonise inombolo, icala, nokucaciswa. Izenzo ziyavumelana nesihloko somusho nesihlanganisi kuye ngokuthi isikhathi nesici.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Chuvash ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda izisekelo zolimi, njengohlelo lolimi, indlela yokubiza amagama, nohlelo lolimi oluyisisekelo. Kukhona ezinye izinsiza ezinkulu ezitholakala ku-inthanethi, njenge Chuvash.org noma Chuvash.eu lokho kungakusiza ngalokhu.
2. Sebenzisa ukuqoshwa komsindo kwezikhulumi zomdabu nemisho eyisampula ukuze wakhe ngokushesha isisekelo samagama nemishwana engxoxweni. Lalela izinhlelo zomsakazo futhi ubuke amabhayisikobho nezinhlelo zethelevishini Chuvash. Gxila olimini ukuze ukhulume kahle futhi ukhululeke kakhudlwana ngalo.
3. Prakthiza lokho okufundile nge izikhulumi bomdabu, kungaba mathupha noma ngokusebenzisa izinkundla online. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uthole ama-nuances endawo futhi uthole ukuqonda ngamasiko.
4. Funda izincwadi namaphephandaba Chuvash ukuthuthukisa silulumagama yakho kanye nohlelo lolimi. Lapho ufunda okwengeziwe, kulapho ukuqonda kwakho nohlelo lolimi kuyoba ngcono khona.
5. Ekugcineni, ukwengeza ukufunda kwakho ngemisebenzi efana ukubhala Chuvash, iqhaza chuvash izinkundla online futhi ukutadisha izivivinyo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uqinise ukubamba kwakho ulimi.