Isi-estonia Yakut Humusha

Ukuhumusha ngesi-estonia kuyingxenye ebalulekile yamabhizinisi amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Ukuhunyushwa kwemibhalo ngolimi lwesi-estonia kungaba usizo olukhulu ezinkampanini ezifisa ukuxhumana namakhasimende azo angaba khona noma akhona ase-estonia.

Isi-estonia siwulimi Lwesifinnish-Ugric, oluhlobene nesifinnish futhi olukhulunywa iningi labantu Base-Estonia. Inezici zayo eziyingqayizivele nohlelo lolimi oluhluke kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, inguqulo yesi-estonia idinga umhumushi onolwazi owazi kahle ulimi nemininingwane yalo.

Lapho kucatshangelwa umsebenzi wokuhumusha ngesi-estonia, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuxhumana ngokunembile nangokusobala kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhumusha kumelwe kumelele ngokwethembeka umyalezo wokuqala, futhi noma yimaphi amaphutha noma ukushiywa kungenza ubudlelwane bebhizinisi phakathi kwamaqembu ahilelekile bube nzima. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubandakanya isikhulumi somdabu ngokuqonda okujulile kolimi nemininingwane yalo.

Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe izindleko zokuhumusha. Izinga liyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezici ezinjengokuphuthuma kwephrojekthi, ubude bombhalo, ubunzima bomyalezo, nezinye izici ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhumushi okhethiwe unokwethenjelwa, uyakwazi futhi unenani elifanele.

Imibhalo ehunyushwe ngobungcweti ibalulekile ekuzuzeni impumelelo kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi elihlobene Ne-Estonia, kanye nokuhlakulela ubudlelwano obuhlala njalo namakhasimende kanye nabalingani ezweni. Umhumushi onokwethenjelwa wase-estonia angasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imiyalezo nolwazi kudluliselwa ngokunembile futhi ngaphandle kwamaphutha, okuyisihluthulelo sokugcina noma yimuphi umzamo webhizinisi usendleleni.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-estonia?

Ulimi lwesi-estonia lukhulunywa kakhulu e-Estonia, nakuba kunezikhulumi ezincane Elatvia, e-United states, Ecanada Naserussia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-estonia?

Ulimi lwesi-estonia lungolunye lwezilimi ezindala Kunazo Zonke Eyurophu, futhi lwaqala Ngenkathi Yetshe. Izihlobo zayo eziseduze kakhulu eziphilayo isifinnish nesihungary, zombili ezingezomkhaya wolimi Lwesi-Uralic. Imibhalo yokuqala ebhalwe ngesi-estonia iqala ngekhulu le-13, lapho kunyatheliswa incwadi yokuqala ngalolu limi ngo-1525.
Ekhulwini le-16, isi-estonia sathonywa kakhulu isijalimane, njengoba Amajalimane amaningi athuthela e-Estonia phakathi Nenguquko. Ngekhulu le-19, iningi labantu abakhuluma isi-estonia lalikwazi ukukhuluma isirashiya, ngenxa yethonya elandayo Lombuso waserussia esifundeni.
Kusukela ekupheleni Kwempi Yezwe II, isi-estonia besilokhu siwulimi olusemthethweni E-Estonia futhi sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni yamuva, lolu limi luye lwavuselelwa, izizukulwane ezisencane zalwamukela futhi izifundo ezihlukahlukene zolimi zitholakala kuyi-internet.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-estonia?

1. Ufriedrich robert faehlmann (17981850) – imbongi nesazi sezilimi esasebenza ukuze sivumelanise ulimi lwesi-estonia Phakathi Nekhulu le-19.
2. Ujakob hurt (18391907) umfundisi nesazi sezilimi owahola ukunyakaza kolimi olubhaliwe lwase – estonia oluzimele.
3. Ujohannes Aavik (18801973) isazi sezilimi esivelele nesazi sohlelo lolimi esahlanganisa futhi sahlanganisa uhlelo lolimi lwesi – estonia nokupela amagama.
4. Ujuhan Liiv (18641913) – imbongi nomuntu wezincwadi owabhala kakhulu ngesi-estonia futhi waba nethonya elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulimi.
5. Ujaan kross (19202007) – umbhali odumile wezincwadi owasebenzisa ulimi lwesi-estonia ngendlela yesimanje, entsha, esiza ukuletha ekhulwini lama-21.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesi-estonia sakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi lwesi-estonia luwulimi oluhlanganisiwe, oluhlanganisiwe oluphakathi kwezilimi zase-Uralic. Inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokwemvelo, esinohlelo lwamagama angu-14, izikhathi ezimbili, izici ezimbili nezimo ezine. Isimiso sokukhuluma sase-estonia silula, sinokuhlanganiswa kathathu namazwi amabili. Ukuhleleka kwamagama kukhululekile futhi kuguquguquka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi estonia ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo. Beg ngokuzijwayeza izinhlamvu zesi-estonia nokufunda indlela yokubiza izinhlamvu. Ukwazi izinhlamvu zamagama kuyisisekelo sanoma yiluphi ulimi futhi kuyokusiza uzizwe uzethemba ekukhulumeni ngendlela efanele.
2. Lalela futhi ukhulume. Start ukuprakthiza ukulalela nokuphindaphinda imisindo namazwi ozwayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba ujwayelane kakhudlwana nolimi futhi uqonde kangcono indlela yokubiza amagama. Uma uzizwa usukulungele, uqale ukuprakthiza ukukhuluma isi-estonia ngokuzwakalayo, ngisho noma kungumndeni nabangane kuphela.
3. Funda futhi ubhale. Jwayelana lolimi Estonian futhi uqale ngokubhala imisho elula ngesi-estonia. Ungesabi ukwenza amaphutha! Ukufunda izincwadi, amabhulogi kanye nezihloko ngesi-estonia kuzokusiza futhi uthole ukuqonda okungcono kolimi.
4. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ulimi, ama-podcast namavidiyo ukuze uthole ukuchayeka okwengeziwe ngesi-estonia. Lokhu kuzokusiza wandise silulumagama yakho futhi ufunde ukusebenzisa ulimi ezihlukahlukene izimo ezahlukene.
5. Prakthiza nge isikhulumi bomdabu. Indlela enkulu ukuzijayeza estonia yakho ukuthola isikhulumi bomdabu ukuxoxa online noma mathupha. Cela ukuba ulungise lapho kudingeka futhi unikeze impendulo yokuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani.

Isiyakut siwulimi Lwesiturkic olukhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwesigamu sesigidi enyakatho-mpumalanga Yerussia. Njengoba lolu limi lusanda kuthola ukuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni, kusadingeka kakhulu izinsizakalo zokuhumusha Zesiyakut. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukubaluleka kokuhumusha ku - yakut futhi sixoxe ngezinselelo ezihambisana nale nqubo.

Ulimi Lwesiyakut alukhulunywa Erussia Kuphela, kodwa nasemazweni .engemongolia, Ichina Nekazakhstan. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunesidingo samazwe ngamazwe sezinsizakalo zokuhumusha I-yakut kanye nasekhaya. Inhloso eyinhloko yokuhumusha okuya Nokubuya E-yakut ukuvala izikhala zolimi ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwemiphakathi yomdabu nabanye abathintekayo. Ukuhumusha kuyadingeka futhi kumadokhumenti asemthethweni, izivumelwano zezombusazwe, izinto zokufundisa, izinto ezihlobene nabezindaba namasiko, neminye imibhalo.

Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni okuya Nokubuya Kuyakut, kunezinselele ezithile ezibalulekile okumelwe uzikhumbule. Okokuqala, kunendaba yokubiza amagama. Kunokwehluka ekubizweni kwamagama Ngesiyakut kuye ngolimi lwendawo olukhulunywayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kubalulekile ukuba abahumushi bajwayelane nalezi zinguquko zesifunda ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba. Enye inselele iqiniso lokuthi amagama amaningi anezincazelo eziningi kuye ngomongo asetshenziswa kuwo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngabahumushi ukuthola incazelo efanele yegama noma ibinzana, okwenza ukunemba kube okubaluleke nakakhulu.

Naphezu kwezinselele ezihlobene nokuhumushela Olimini Lwesiyakut nokubuya Kulo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwalenqubo. Njengoba ulimi Lwesiyakut luqhubeka luqashelwa, luyoba olubaluleke ngokwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinguqulo zesiyakut nezisuka Kuzo zisezingeni eliphakeme futhi zinembile. Ukuhumusha okusezingeni eliphezulu kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe inkhulumomphendvulwano nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwamasiko, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini yomdabu amasiko ayo avame ukuhlukaniswa.

Yiluphi ulimi Lwesiyakut olukhulunywa kuwo?

Ulimi Lwesiyakut lukhulunywa Erussia, Echina Nasemongolia.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesiyakut?

Ulimi Lwesiyakut luwulimi Lwesiturkic oluphakathi kwezilimi Zasecaspian Ezisenyakatho-Ntshonalanga yeturkic. Kukhulunywa ngabantu abangaba ngu-500,000 Eriphabhulikhi Yasesakha Yaserussia, ikakhulukazi emfuleni Ilena kanye nemifudlana yawo. Ulimi Lwesiyakut lunomlando ocebile wezincwadi osukela emuva ezincwadini zokuqala ezirekhodiwe maphakathi nekhulu le-14. Izincwadi zamayakut zazithonywe kakhulu ukubhala kwezimbongi Ezingamasufi Ezivela Empumalanga Ephakathi Nase-Asia Ephakathi, kanye nababhali nabalobi baserussia Abavela Embusweni Waserussia. Imisebenzi yokuqala eyabhalwa Ngesiyakut yayiyimibhalo yenkolo, kuhlanganise nokuhunyushwa kwezingxenye zekoran kanye nenganekwane Kayusuf Nozulaikha.
Imisebenzi yokuqala yokuqala eyabhalwa Ngesiyakut yavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, enezinkondlo, izindaba ezimfushane, namanoveli alandisa ngokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabantu abangamayakut. Abalobi abangamayakut baqala nokuhlola izingqikithi ezinkulu emisebenzini yabo, njengokulwa nekoloniyali, ukubaluleka kwesiko lendabuko Lasesiberia, kanye nesimo esibucayi sabantu abacindezelwe bakulesi sifunda. Ngawo-1920 nawo-1930, ulimi Lwesiyakut lwabhekana nokuvuselelwa kwezincwadi, okwaholwa ababhali abanjengoyuri chegerev, U-Anatoly krotov, Ugennady titov, no-Ivan tazetdinov. Lesi sikhathi sabona ukwanda kwenani lezincwadi ezanyatheliswa Ngesiyakut, kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kolimi emibhalweni kahulumeni neyokuphatha.
Namuhla, ulimi Lwesiyakut lujabulela ukuvuselelwa phakathi kwezikhulumi zalo zomdabu, njengoba kunyatheliswa amaphephandaba nomagazini abasha abaningana ngalolu limi. Kukhona nesithakazelo esandayo ezifundweni zolimi Lwesiyakut ngaphandle Kwerussia, namanyuvesi amaningana anikeza izifundo zolimi.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesiyakut?

1. Uyuri nikolaevich vinokurov isazi sezilimi, isazi-mlando nesazi sezilimi; 2. Ustepan Georgievich Ostrovsky-imbongi Yaseyakut, umbhali wemidlalo, umbhali nomhumushi; 3. U-Oleg Mikhailovich Belyaev-umhlaziyi wezincwadi Waseyakut nomkhangisi; 4. Uliliya Vladimirovna bagautdinova-isazi sezinkolelo-ze Zamayakut; 5. U-Akulina Yeelovna pavlova-isazi sezichazamazwi nomcwaningi wezilimi.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesiyakut sinjani?

Ulimi Lwesiyakut lungolwemindeni yezilimi Zamaturkic futhi luyingxenye yeqembu Lasenyakatho-Mpumalanga. Luwulimi oluhlanganisa amagama, okusho ukuthi lusebenzisa izijobelelo ezingangezwa emagameni ukuze kwakheke izincazelo namafomu amasha. I-yakut iguquguquka kakhulu, okusho ukuthi amagama ashintsha isimo sawo kuye ngokuthi asetshenziswa kanjani emshweni. Amagama, izabizwana, izimelabizo, nezenzi konke kudinga iziphetho ukuze kuboniswe isimo sazo kuye ngomongo.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Yakut ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola ikhophi Yakut language incwadi noma umfundisi guide. Ukusebenza ngezifundo kulezi zinto kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuba nekhono olimini.
2. Prakthiza ukukhuluma nokulalela. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda noma yiluphi ulimi iwukuzijwayeza ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho zama ukuthola umlingani wengxoxo ongazijwayeza naye.
3. Funda material ebhalwe Yakut. Lokhu kuzokusiza uqonde ukwakheka nohlelo lolimi.
4. Funda mayelana isiko kanye nomlando Yakuts. Ukwazi okwengeziwe ngabantu nendlela yabo yokuphila kungakusiza ukuba uqonde kangcono ulimi.
5. Bukela futhi ulalele yakut media. Kunezinsiza eziningi ezikuyi-internet, kuhlanganise nezinhlelo zomsakazo nemibukiso YE-TV, ezitholakala ngalolu limi.
6. Vakashela Yakutia. Ukuchitha isikhathi kule ndawo kuzokunikeza ithuba lokuzifaka olimini futhi uxhumane nabakhuluma ulimi lwendabuko.