Isidanishi Isi-arabh Humusha

Ukuhunyushwa kwesidanish: Ukubuka Konke Kwensizakalo

Isidanish siwulimi olusemthethweni Edenmark, futhi ngokuvamile sikhulunywa Nasegreenland Naseziqhingini zasefaroe. Ngenxa yalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesidanish ziye zaba ithuluzi elibaluleke ngokwengeziwe kumabhizinisi nakubantu ngabanye ngokufanayo. Ngomlando wayo omude futhi onemigqa, ulimi lwesidanish luyitshe legumbi lesiko nobunikazi basedenmark, futhi selwamukelwe nakwamanye amazwe.

Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, ukuhumusha ngesidanish kuhilela ukuguqula umbhalo usuke kolunye ulimi uye kolunye. Le nqubo idinga abahumushi abanekhono abaqonda ama-nuances nobunzima bolimi lwesidanish futhi abangakwazi ukuhumusha ngokunembile lokho okushiwoyo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezinsizakalo zokuhumusha zihlanganisa ukuhumusha imibhalo, ukuhumusha iwebhusayithi nesofthiwe, ukuhumusha izingqungquthela, ukuhumusha imultimedia, ukubhalwa komsindo nevidiyo, nokuhumusha okusemthethweni. Ukunemba kwedokhumenti ehunyushiwe kuncike ekhwalithi yomsebenzi womhumushi.

Lapho ukhetha umhumushi wasedenmark, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga labo lobungcweti nokuhlangenwe nakho. Umhumushi kufanele abe nolwazi olunzulu kuzo zonke izici zolimi lwesidanish futhi abe nokuqonda isiko namasiko ahlobene nalo. Kufanele futhi bakwazi ukuhumusha ngokunembile nangempumelelo idokhumenti yokuqala ngolimi okuhloswe ngalo.

Ekuhumusheni imibhalo, kunezici eziningana ezingathinta ukunemba nekhwalithi yokuhumusha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imibhalo enegama eliyinkimbinkimbi elingokomthetho noma lobuchwepheshe idinga izinga eliphakeme lobungcweti kunemibhalo ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhumushi kufanele abe nolwazi olukhethekile ngale ndaba ukuze aqinisekise ukunemba.

Ukuze kutholakale iwebhusayithi noma isofthiwe, kunezici eziningana eziyinhloko okumelwe zicatshangelwe. Iwebhusayithi noma isofthiwe kufanele yenziwe ngezifiso ukuze isetshenziswe izilaleli ezihlosiwe futhi yenziwe endaweni yolimi namasiko azo. Akufanele nje kuphela ukuthi okuqukethwe kunembile, kodwa futhi kufanele kube lula ukuzulazula, kube lula ukuyisebenzisa futhi kube mnandi ngobuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokwenziwa kwendawo kufanele icabangele noma yimaphi ama-nuances amasiko azohlangana nezithameli ezihlosiwe.

Ukuhumusha izingqungquthela kudinga umhumushi onekhono ukuba alalele futhi aqonde izingxoxo phakathi kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu abakhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene. Umhumushi kumelwe akwazi ukuhumusha ingxoxo ngokunembile kuyilapho egcina ubuqotho bomyalezo.

Ukufakwa endaweni kwe-multimedia kuhilela ukuhunyushwa kwezinto ezilalelwayo nezibonwayo zibe ulimi okuhloswe ngalo. Lolu hlobo lokuhumusha ludinga ukuqonda ngokucophelela kokubili ulimi oluwumthombo nolimi oluqondisiwe.

Ukubhalwa komsindo nevidiyo kuhilela ukuthatha ukuqoshwa komsindo nokukuguqula kube umbhalo obhaliwe. Umlobi kufanele abe nokuqonda okuhle ngolimi olusetshenziswe ekuqopheni kanye nencazelo ehlosiwe.

Ekugcineni, ukuhumusha okungokomthetho kuhilela ukuhumusha imibhalo engokomthetho enjengezivumelwano, imibhalo yasenkantolo, izahlulelo nemithetho. Abahumushi kumelwe baqonde amagama angokomthetho ahlobene nale mibhalo futhi bakwazi ukuhumusha ngokunembile incazelo yombhalo.

Ngamafuphi, izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zesidanish zivumela izinkampani nabantu ngabanye ukuba baxhumane ngokuphumelelayo nozakwabo abakhuluma isidanish. Abahumushi abanekhono nabanolwazi babalulekile ekuhumusheni okuphumelelayo nasekuchazeni okunembile. Lapho kukhethwa umhumushi, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye kufanele bacabangele amazinga obuchwepheshe nokuhlangenwe nakho komhumushi, kanye nohlobo lwedokhumenti abafuna ukulihumusha.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isidanish?

Ulimi lwesidanish lukhulunywa Kakhulu Edenmark nasezindaweni ezithile Zasejalimane Naseziqhingini zasefaroe. Kukhulunywa futhi ngezinga elincane yimiphakathi emincane Enorway, Esweden Nasecanada.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesidanish?

Ulimi lwesidanish lunomlando ocebile ohlanganisa iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, osukela Emuva Esinorse Esidala nakwezinye izilimi Zasenyakatho Germanic zangaphambi komlando. Phakathi Nenkathi Yamaviking, isidanish sasiwulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu endaweni manje eyaziwa Ngokuthi Idenmark naseningizimu Yesweden. Yaqhubeka isetshenziswa njengolimi olusemthethweni Lwasedenmark kwaze kwaba cishe ngekhulu le-16 futhi kancane kancane yavela yaba ulimi lwesidanish lwanamuhla. Maphakathi nawo-1800, isidanish sasiwulimi lwesibili olukhulunywa Kakhulu Edenmark ngemva kwesijalimane. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lolu limi luye lwavela ngezinguquko eziningana zefonoloji, ze-morphological, nezamagama. Namuhla, isidanish siwulimi lukazwelonke Lwasedenmark Naseziqhingini Zasefaroe, futhi sikhulunywa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-6 emhlabeni wonke.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesidanish?

1. U-N. F. s. Grundtvig (17831872): owaziwa ngokuthi "Uyise Wesidanish Sanamuhla", Ugundtvig wabhala izingoma eziningi zikazwelonke Zasedenmark futhi wasiza ekwakheni ulimi lwanamuhla.
2. U-Adam Oehlenschläger (17791850): imbongi nombhali wemidlalo, kuthiwa wadala amagama amagama amaningi asedenmark, njenge - "ørnen" (ukhozi).
3. Urasmus rask (17871832): isazi sezilimi nesazi sezilimi, Urask wasungula uhlelo lokubhala isidanish olwalusetshenziswa kabanzi kwaze kwaba ngawo-1900.
4. Ujacob peter mynster (17751854): isazi semfundiso yenkolo nesimbongi esinamandla Esingumluthela, wabhala kabanzi ngesidanish futhi wacebisa ulimi ngamagama amasha nezinkulumo.
5. Uknud holbøll (19091969): owaziwa ngokuthi "Umshisekeli Wolimi lwesidanish", Uholbøll wayephethe ukwethula imithetho emisha namagama olimini.

Isakhiwo solimi lwesidanish sakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi lwesidanish luwulimi Lwasendiya-Yurophu lwegatsha Lasenyakatho Jalimane. Ihlobene kakhulu nesisweden nesinorway,ezakha ukuqhubeka kolimi okuqondakalayo. Isidanish sibonakala nge-morphology elula kanye ne-syntax. Ulimi ngokuyinhloko YI-svo (Subject Verb Object) ngokulandelana kwamagama futhi lunezinhlanganisela ezimbalwa zezenzi namacala ezinhlamvu.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Danish ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngezinto eziyisisekelo. Makeiseka ukuthi ufunda uhlelo lolimi oluyisisekelo, ukubiza amagama, kanye nesakhiwo somusho wesidanish ngaphambi kokudlulela ezihlokweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Funda izinto eziyisisekelo zolimi olubhaliwe ukuze uqonde ukuthi amagama abhalwa kanjani futhi ahlelwe kanjani lapho uwafunda.
2. Sebenzisa imithombo efana nezincwadi, izifundo eziku-inthanethi kanye nezifundo ezilalelwayo. Ukutshala imali enkambweni enhle yasedenmark kuzokusindisa isikhathi nemali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kukusize ufunde ulimi ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
3. Lalela izingxoxo Danish nomculo. Prakthiza ukuqonda izingxoxo in Danish ngokulalela radio danish, podcasts, noma ngisho ukubukela Ama Youtube. Futhi, lalela umculo Danish njengoba kuzokusiza ngcono pronunciation yakho kanye accent.
4. Zicwilise olimini. Chitha isikhathi uhlala Edenmark, uxhumana njalo nabantu abakhuluma isidanish, futhi ubuke imibukiso yethelevishini yasedenmark. Ukuzungeza ulimi kuyokusiza ukuba ufunde ngokushesha nangendlela engokwemvelo.
5. Prakthiza ukukhuluma nsuku zonke. Joyina club ingxoxo noma uthole umlingani exchange ulimi ukuzijayeza ukukhuluma isidanish njalo. Prakthiza nge umfundisi online noma umqeqeshi ulimi too. Lokhu ngeke nje kukusize ukuba ukhululeke kakhudlwana ukukhuluma ulimi kodwa futhi ngcono pronunciation yakho futhi izwi choice.

Ukubaluleka kokuhunyushwa kwesi-arabhu akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile. Njengolunye lwezilimi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, isi-arabhu siyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxhumana emikhakheni eminingi yokuphila. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhizinisi, ezombangazwe, ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe noma ukushintshana ngamasiko, ukuhumusha kusuka olimini lwesi-arabhu kuya kwezinye izilimi, futhi okuphambene nalokho, kungaba okubalulekile ekuxhumaneni okuphumelelayo.

Ebhizinisini, ikhono lokuhumusha ngokunembile imibhalo yebhizinisi nezincwadi libaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba amazwe akhuluma isi-arabhu eba yingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho womhlaba, abahumushi abanekhono besi-arabhu babalulekile ezingxoxweni eziphumelelayo, ekumaketheni nasekusebenzeleni amakhasimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi lwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha ngesi-arabhu lusiza izinkampani ukuba zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho zakha izimpahla, izinsizakalo namasu emakethe ekhuluma isi-arabhu.

Ngokwezombangazwe, ukuhumusha kusuka olimini lwesi-arabhu kuya kwezinye izilimi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi wonke amaqembu asekhasini elilodwa. Kusukela ekuqondeni izivumelwano zokuhwebelana nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle kuya ekuqondiseni izingxoxo zokuthula, ukuhumusha ngesi-arabhu kunendima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izithakazelo nemibono ehlukene iyahlonishwa.

Ngokwesiko, ukuhumusha isi-arabhu kubalulekile ekuqondeni umlando, izincwadi, izinkondlo, inkolo nobuciko bemiphakathi ekhuluma isi-arabhu. Ngokuhunyushwa okunembile kwemibhalo, abezindaba, imibhalo, nezingxoxo ezikhulunywayo, abantu bangafunda ngemikhuba yamasiko eyingqayizivele yalaba bantu. Ukuze sinikeze isibonelo, izinguqulo zesingisi zezincwadi zakudala zesi-arabhu ezinjenge-Thousand And One nights zingasiza labo abanesithakazelo sokufunda ngamasiko Ama-Arabhu namasiko awo.

Ekugcineni, emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ukubhalwa kwemibhalo yezokwelapha yesi-arabhu kuwumsebenzi obalulekile onganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi odokotela abasichitha bezama ukuhumusha le mibhalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhumusha okunembile kungasiza ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ngokuvumela izisebenzi zezokwelapha ukuba ziqonde ngokushesha umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli nezidingo zokunakekelwa.

Kusukela kwezamabhizinisi nakwezombangazwe kuya ezincwadini nakwezokwelapha, ukubaluleka kokuhunyushwa kwesi-arabhu akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile. Abahumushi abanekhono kudingeka bavale ngokunembile igebe phakathi kwamasiko futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukuxhumana kuhlala kucacile futhi kufushane. Ngokuhumusha okunembile, izinkampani, izinhlangano, abantu ngabanye, nezizwe zingakwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo, okwenza kube lula ukuzulazula emhlabeni.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isi-arabhu?

Isi-arabhu siwulimi olusemthethweni e-Algeria, Ebahrain, Ecomoros, Echad, Edjibouti, Egibhithe, E-Iraq, Ejordani, Ekuwait, Elebanon, Elibya, Emauritania, Emorocco, E-Oman, Epalestine, Eqatar, Esaudi Arabia, Esomalia, Esudan, Esyria, Etunisia, E-United Arab Emirates Naseyemen. Kukhulunywa nasezingxenyeni ezithile zamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise nasezingxenyeni Ezithile Zase-United States, Efrance, Espain Nase-Israel.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesi-arabhu?

Ulimi lwesi-arabhu lunomlando omude futhi ovelele, ohlanganisa iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Kukholakala ukuthi lolu limi lwavela ohlotsheni lwezilimi zamasemite zasendulo, okucatshangwa ukuthi zavela Enhlonhlweni Yase-arabia ngekhulu lesi-4 bc. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu limi lwasakazekela nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwatholakala ezingxenyeni Ezithile Ze-Afrika Nasempumalanga Ephakathi.
Ulimi lwathola izinguquko eziningana ezibalulekile phakathi neminyaka yalo yokuqala, hhayi okungenani ukwanda Kobusulumane ngekhulu lesi-7 ad kanye nokwethulwa Kwekoran. Lokhu kwasiza ekwakheni ulimi, kwaletha amagama amasha amaningana, imishwana nemigomo yohlelo lolimi, kuyilapho kuqiniswa nokusetshenziswa kwesi-Arabhu Sakudala.
Emakhulwini eminyaka kusukela yasakazeka emhlabeni wonke, ulimi lwesi-arabhu luye lwaba ingxenye ebalulekile yezincwadi, lapho luye lwasetshenziselwa khona ukwenza imisebenzi engaphelelwa isikhathi yezinkondlo, ifilosofi nemfundiso yenkolo. Ezikhathini zamuva, iye yamukelwa nasezifundweni eziningi zesayensi, isekelwe emlandweni wayo ocebile njengolimi lolwazi nokukhuluma kahle.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-arabhu?

1. U-Abu al-Qasim al-zahiri (wekhulu lesi – 9 kuya kwele-10) - isazi sohlelo lolimi esivelele, kuthiwa wakhiqiza imisebenzi eminingi ngolimi lwesi-arabhu, kuhlanganise Nekitab al-Ayn (Incwadi Yolwazi), omunye wemisebenzi yokuqala futhi ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo lolimi lwesi-arabhu lwakudala.
2. U-Ibn Qutaiba (828896 ad) – umbhali onethonya nesazi esabhala umsebenzi onemiqulu engu-12 ngohlelo lolimi lwesi-arabhu nezilimi ezinesihloko Esithi kitab al-shi 'r wa al-Shu' ara (Incwadi yezinkondlo Nezimbongi).
3. U-al – Jahiz (776869 ad) - umuntu othandekayo wezincwadi nesazi-mlando, imisebenzi yakhe yahlola izihloko eziningi kusukela kuhlelo lolimi kuya kwezesayensi yezilwane.
4. U – Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad (717791 ad) isazi sezilimi esidumile nesazi esasisebenzisa uhlelo lwaso lwezilimi Ekitab al-Ayn (Incwadi Yolwazi) yamukelwa kabanzi ngekhulu lesi-8.
5. U-Ibn muqaffa ' (721756 ad) – umhumushi odumile nommeli wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi zomdabu imisebenzi yakhe yayihlanganisa ukuhunyushwa kwemisebenzi yasendulo yasepheresiya ngesi-arabhu.

Ulimi lwesi-arabhu lunesakhiwo esingakanani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesi-arabhu sisekelwe ekubunjweni kwezimpande namaphethini. Amagama amaningi olimini atholakala emsukeni onezinhlamvu ezintathu( ezinhlangothi ezintathu), lapho kungangezwa khona onkamisa abahlukahlukene nemisindo ukuze kwakhiwe amagama amasha anencazelo ehlobene. Lokhu kutholakala kuhilela ukushintsha onkamisa nemisindo, kanye nokwengeza iziqalo noma izijobelelo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza ulimi lwesi-arabhu lucebe ngendlela emangalisayo futhi luveze imizwa yalo.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Arabic ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Thola umfundisi ofanelekayo. Uma ufuna ukufunda ulimi Arabic ngendlela efanele kakhulu, indlela engcono yokwenza lokhu ukuthola umfundisi ofanelekayo ongakufundisa. Bheka umfundisi onolwazi lokufundisa ulimi futhi angakusiza uqonde izakhiwo zohlelo lolimi kanye nemininingwane yolimi.
2. Sebenzisa imithombo ehlukahlukene. Nakuba ukufunda kumfundisi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi ngendlela efanele, kufanele usebenzise nezinye izinsiza ezinjengezincwadi, izifundo ezikuyi-internet, ama-video akuyi-internet, nezinto ezilalelwayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulimi ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene futhi kuzokusiza uthole ukuqonda okungcono kolimi.
3. Prakthiza njalo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuba umuntu akwazi ukukhuluma kahle ulimi iwukuzijwayeza njalo. Prakthiza ukubhala, ukukhuluma, ukufunda, nokulalela ulimi. Zama ukuzicwilisa olimini ngokubuka amafilimu esi-arabhu, ukukhuluma nabantu abakhuluma isi-arabhu, noma ukulalela umculo wesi-arabhu.
4. Yenze eyakho ngempela. The more ungakwazi ngezifiso yokufunda yakho isipiliyoni, the kangcono off uzoba. Thola ukuthi yimaphi amasu asebenza kangcono ngohlobo lwakho lokufunda bese wenza ngokwezifiso indlela yakho yolimi ngokufanele.