Isirashiya Umkhiqizo Amathegi Humusha

Isirashiya siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi olunohlelo lolimi oluyingqayizivele nesakhiwo salo. Luwulimi olusemthethweni Erussia nasecommonwealth of Independent States (cis), inhlangano yesifunda yamazwe ayengaphansi Kwesoviet. Isirashiya sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-180 emhlabeni wonke futhi singesinye sezilimi ezingu-10 ezikhulunywa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Futhi kubhekwa njengolimi oluvamile ezweni elaliyisoviet Union, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nezokuxhumana, ukuhweba, nobuchwepheshe.

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi nokubaluleka kwayo enkundleni yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuhumusha isirashiya nokubuya kuso kuyikhono elibalulekile. Kudinga ukudlulisela ngokunembile incazelo yokuqala kuyilapho kucatshangelwa ama-nuances amasiko nokuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuqukethwe. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo nesidingo sokuqonda ulimi ngokujulile, kudingeka umhumushi onolwazi ukuze kuhunyushwe izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Ukuhunyushwa kwesirashiya kuvame ukudingeka emisebenzini emikhulu yebhizinisi efana nezingxoxo zomthetho, imibhalo ehlobene nezimali, nezinto zokumaketha. Izinkampani Ezisebenza Erussia noma kwamanye amazwe E-cis zidinga ukuhumusha okunembile ukuze zikwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi kumawebhusayithi azo nasekukhangiseni okuqukethwe. Umhumushi onekhono onolwazi emkhakheni angaqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo ohlosiwe udluliselwa futhi wamukelwa ngokunembile.

Ezinguqulweni ezincane, njengezingxoxo ezingahlelekile, kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene azenzakalelayo atholakala ku-inthanethi. La mathuluzi anganikeza ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kolimi, kodwa awanakho ukunemba nokuqaphela umongo womhumushi onguchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela injongo nobunzima bezinto ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha okufanele zisetshenziswe.

Ekuphetheni, ukuhumusha isirashiya ngokunembile nangokwethenjelwa kubalulekile ukuze kube nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwezinkampani nabantu ngabanye ezweni elikhuluma isirashiya. Ukuqasha umhumushi onguchwepheshe kuyoqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo ohlosiwe udluliselwa futhi uqondwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzelwe ibhizinisi, umuntu siqu, noma ezinye izinjongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kolimi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu kuzo zonke izidingo zokuhumusha.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isirashiya?

Ulimi lwesirussia lukhulunywa Erussia, Ebelarus, Ekazakhstan, Ekyrgyzstan, E-Ukraine, E-Estonia, Elatvia, Elatvia, Emoldova, Etajikistan, Elithuania, E-Uzbekistan, e-Azerbaijan, e-Armenia, Eturkmenistan, Egeorgia Nase-Abkhazia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesirussia?

Ulimi lwesirussia lusekelwe olimini Lwesislavic Sasempumalanga, elinye lamaqembu amathathu omlando wezilimi zesislavic. Lolu limi lwalukhulunywa futhi lubhalwe izizwe Zamaslav Asempumalanga ezazihlala endaweni manje Eyirussia, I-Ukraine Nebelarus ngekhulu lesi-9. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, Isislavonic Sesonto saqala ukuba ulimi olubhaliwe lwezincwadi, izinjongo zenkolo nezokuphatha, sathatha indawo yesigreki nesilatini sangaphambili.
Ngekhulu le-10, Isislavic Sasempumalanga sasiguqukela kancane kancane olimini lwesirussia lwanamuhla, sithonywe isibulgaria nesiserbia sasendulo, sona ngokwaso esasithonywe Kakhulu Isislavonic Sesonto. Ekhulwini le-11, umsebenzi omkhulu wezincwadi wesikhathi Sekievan rus, I-Primary chronicle, yabhalwa Ngesislavic Esidala Sasempumalanga.
Phakathi nekhulu le-14 nele-15, Amarashiya aqhubeka ekhulisa indawo yawo, ekugcineni afinyelela Olwandlekazi Ipacific, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ahlangana nezinye izilimi namasiko amaningi. Amarashiya abuyisa amathonya alezi ezinye izilimi futhi azifaka kulolu limi, akha lokho manje okwaziwa ngokuthi ulimi lwesirashiya Lwanamuhla.
Kusukela ngekhulu le-17, ulimi lwesirussia lwaqala ukuthuthuka ngokwengeziwe ngomsebenzi wababhali abanethonya abanjengo-Alexander pushkin no-Ivan turgenev, ababhala ngolimi olubizwa ngokuthi "isirashiya esibhaliwe". Lolu hlobo olusha, oluthuthuke kakhudlwana lolimi lwasakazeka ngokushesha, futhi ngokushesha lwaba ulimi oluthandwa kakhulu kwezombangazwe, ezincwadini, kwezesayensi nakwezamasiko.
Namuhla, isirashiya yiso esisakazeke kakhulu ezilimini Zesislavic, esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-145 abakhuluma isislavic, futhi singesinye sezilimi ezisemthethweni Zezizwe Ezihlangene.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesirussia?

1. U-Ivan turgenev (18181883) umbhali wamanoveli, imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yaseshashalazini owenza ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwesirussia kwaziwa futhi waba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zikazwelonke.
2. U – Alexander pushkin (17991837) - umsunguli wezincwadi zesimanje zaserussia nobaba wezinkondlo zaserussia.
3. Unikolai Karamzin (17661826) – imbongi nesazi-mlando esabhala kakhulu ngolimi lwesirussia futhi senza iminikelo eminingi emasikweni aserussia.
4. Uvladimir dal ' (18011872) isazi sezilimi, isazi sezichazamazwi nomhlanganisi wesichazamazwi sokuqala esibanzi solimi lwesirussia.
5. U – Alexander Blok (18801921) - omunye wabantu abahamba phambili embonini yezincwadi yaserussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 futhi ungumbhali weminye yemisebenzi edume kakhulu ezinkondlweni zaserussia.

Kanjani ukwakheka kolimi Russian?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesirussia sisekelwe kakhulu enhlanganisweni yezimiso zokuhlanganisa nokuhlaziya. Ukuhlanganiswa kuyinqubo lapho ama-morpheme, noma izingxenye zamagama, zihlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze kwakheke igama elilodwa eliveza umqondo owodwa. Izakhiwo zokuhlaziya zihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa umqondo owodwa ube amagama ahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuwuqonda. Ngesirashiya, izijobelelo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubonisa izigaba ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lolimi, njengobulili, icala, inombolo, isici, isikhathi nokutholwa. Amagama nezichasiso kungase kube nezimo eziyisithupha ezihlukene ngesirashiya. I-syntax yolimi nayo ihlukile, inohlelo lwemisho engabonakali, imishwana engaphansi kanye namafomu ezenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Russian ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Beka okulindelwe ongokoqobo kanye nemigomo: Ukuqonda ulimi Russian kungabonakala overwhelming ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa ungakwazi ukufeza impumelelo uma usetha okulindelwe ongokoqobo kanye nemigomo ngokwakho. Break down ulimi-learning uhambo lwakho zibe izingcezu ephathekayo futhi ube nesineke wena.
2. Thola umlingani cwaningo: Thola umlingani umfundi online noma umngane okhuluma isirashiya abangakusiza ukuba abenza ukukhuluma kwakho kanye pronunciation.
3. Gxila emasikweni aserussia: Funda izincwadi, ubuke amabhayisikobho nemibukiso yethelevishini, ulalele ama-podcast nomculo, futhi uzame ukwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kolimi nomongo walo wamasiko.
4. Thatha ikilasi lolimi lwesirussia: Ukuthatha ikilasi lolimi lwesirussia lomuntu siqu noma eliku-inthanethi kungaba yindlela enhle yokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo nokuthola impendulo evela kuthisha noma isikhulumi sendabuko.
5. Yenza flashcards: Yenza flashcards for amazwi ezivame kakhulu nemishwana in Russian. Lokhu kungasiza ekuqiniseni ulimi futhi kwenze kube lula ukukhumbula.
6. Sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokufunda ulimi: Izinhlelo Zokusebenza zokufunda Ulimi ezifana Neduolingo, Imemrise, Nerosetta Stone ziyizinto ezinhle kakhulu zokufunda isirashiya. Zizokunikeza isakhiwo esithile futhi zisize ekuhlukaniseni ulimi lube izingcezu ezilawulwayo.
7. Practice, practice, practice: okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngempela ulimi Russian iwukuba ukuzijayeza kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ingabe ukufunda, ukubhala, ukulalela, nokukhuluma umzimba njalo ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho.

Lapho uya Escotland noma uxhumana nabantu bomdabu basescotland, ikhono lokuqonda nokuxhumana ngolimi lwendabuko lwezwe lingaba usizo olukhulu. Isigaelic sasescotland siwulimi olwalukhulunywa kakhulu abantu bendawo kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqonda umlando, isiko namasiko Asescotland. Ngakho-ke, ukufunda izinto eziyisisekelo zolimi ngokuhumusha Isigaelic Sasescotland kunganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngaleli zwe elimangalisayo.

Kuyini Gaelic Scottish?

Isigaelic sasescotland, noma Isigàidhlig, siwulimi lwasendulo lomkhaya wamaceltic. Ihlobene kakhulu Nesigaelic Sase-Ireland Nesigaelic Sasemanx, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi ibisetshenziswa kusukela ngekhulu lesi-4. Yayikhulunywa ezweni lonke ngaphambi kwekhulu le-11, kodwa yasinda ezindaweni ezihlukene ngemva kwalokho. Namuhla, Isigaelic Sasescotland asiselona ulimi oluyinhloko Escotland, kodwa sisakhulunywa abantu abangaba ngu-60.000 kuleli zwe.

Kubaluleke ngani ukuhunyushwa Kwesigaelic Sasescotland?

Ukufunda Isigaelic Sasescotland kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Inikeza ukuqonda isiko nomlando Wasescotland, futhi ivumela izivakashi ithuba lokuxhumana nabantu bendawo ngendlela enenjongo. Ukwazi ulimi kuyokwenza abahambi bakwazi ukwazisa kangcono amazwi namasiko endawo, futhi bahlanganyele ezingxoxweni ezithakazelisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwazi ulimi kunganikeza ukuqonda ngokubaluleka kwamasiko kwamagama ezindawo, amagama ezizwe nezenzakalo zomlando ezibalulekile.

Ungayifunda kanjani inguqulo Yesigaelic Sasescotland?

Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela eziningi zokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo Zesigaelic Sasescotland. Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu futhi eziphumelelayo zokufunda ukuthatha izifundo Zesigaelic Sasescotland. Lezi zifundo, ngokuvamile eziqhutshwa emanyuvesi, zihlanganisa zonke izingxenye ezibalulekile Zesigaelic Sasescotland kusukela ekubizeni nasekufundeni uhlelo lolimi kuya emishweni eyisisekelo yengxoxo. Ngaphezu kwalezi zifundo ezisekelwe ekilasini, kunezifundo eziningi zesigaelic sasescotland ezitholakala kuyi-Internet. Ziyindlela enhle yokufunda ulimi ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya lakho.

Ekuphetheni, ukutadisha Isigaelic Sasescotland kunikeza ukuqonda okumangalisayo ngomlando namasiko Asescotland. Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lolimi lungavula umnyango wezwe elisha lokuqonda nokwazisa. With the ezahlukene izifundo kanye nemithombo etholakalayo, ukufunda ulimi kungaba mnandi futhi kunomvuzo. Ngakho uma ufuna ukubheka izwe nabantu Basescotland, ukuhunyushwa Kwesigaelic Sasescotland kuyindawo enhle yokuqala.

Yiluphi ulimi Lwesigaelic Sasescotland olukhulunywa kuwo?

Isigaelic sasescotland sikhulunywa Ikakhulukazi Escotland, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni Zasehighlands Naseziqhingini. Kukhulunywa Nasenova Scotia Ecanada, lapho kungukuphela kolimi oluncane olwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni esifundazweni.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesigaelic Sasescotland?

Ulimi Lwesigaelic Sasescotland belukhulunywa Escotland kusukela okungenani ngekhulu lesi-5 futhi kukholakala ukuthi lwavela olimini lwamacelt asendulo. Ihlobene nezilimi ezikhulunywa eireland, Ewales Nasebrittany (Efrance). Phakathi Nenkathi Ephakathi, yayikhulunywa kabanzi ezweni lonke, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwaqala ukwehla lapho Umbuso Wasescotland uhlanganiswa Nengilandi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, ulimi lwalulinganiselwe Kakhulu Ezindaweni Eziphakeme Naseziqhingini Zasescotland.
Phakathi nekhulu le-19 nele-20, Isigaelic Sasescotland savuselelwa, ikakhulu ngenxa yemizamo yezazi nezishoshovu. Manje sekunabantu Abangaphezu kuka-60 000 Abakhuluma Isigaelic Escotland futhi lolu limi lufundiswa ezikoleni. Futhi ulimi olusemthethweni Lwe-European Union futhi lunesimo esisemthethweni Escotland, kanye nesingisi.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu olimini Lwesigaelic Sasescotland?

1. Udonald macdonald (17671840): Owaziwa ngokuthi "Ubaba Wezincwadi Zesigaelic", Udonald macdonald wayengumbhali, imbongi, umhumushi, nomhleli odunyiswa ngokuhola ukuvuselelwa kwezincwadi Zesigaelic Escotland ngekhulu le-19.
2. U-Alexander macdonald (18141865): U-Alexander macdonald wayengumlando obalulekile Wasegaelic kanye nembongi eyabhala ezinye zezinkondlo ezinkulu Zamaceltic Escotland, kufaka phakathi i - "An Cnocan bàn" ne - "cumha nam Beann."Waphinde wasiza ekuthuthukiseni isichazamazwi sokuqala Sesigaelic Sasescotland.
3. Ucalum maclean (19021960): imbongi edumile Yesigaelic, Ucalum maclean naye wabhala uchungechunge lwezincwadi zokufundisa Isigaeilge (Isigaelic Sase-Ireland), esiza ukuvuselela ulimi Escotland ngekhulu lama-20.
4. Ugeorge campbell (18451914): Ucampbell wayengumfundi ovelele owanikela ngomsebenzi wakhe ekulondolozeni isiko nolimi Lwesigaelic. Incwadi yakhe Ethi, The popular tales Of The West highlands, ibhekwa njengomunye wemisebenzi emikhulu ezincwadini Zamaceltic.
5. Ujohn macinnes (1913-1989): Umacinnes wayengumqoqi obalulekile futhi eyisazi semikhuba yomlomo, ikakhulukazi izinganekwane nomculo ngolimi Lwesigaelic Sasescotland. Wanyathelisa ukuhlola okukhulu kwesiko lezingoma Zesigaelic ngo-1962, okwakuyitshe legumbi lefa lamasiko Asescotland.

Isakhiwo solimi Lwesigaelic Sasescotland sinjani?

Isigaelic sasescotland siwulimi Lwasendiya-Yurophu oluphakathi komndeni wamaceltic futhi luhlukaniswe izilimi ezimbili; Isigaelic Sase-Ireland, esikhulunywa Kakhulu e-Ireland, Nesigaelic Sasescotland, esikhulunywa kakhulu Escotland. Ulimi luyisakhiwo sendabuko esinohlelo lolimi olujwayelekile lwesiceltic nesakhiwo salo. Isimiso salo sokukhuluma sisekelwe ekuyinkimbinkimbi kokuhlanganiswa kwamafomu angawodwa, amabili, nawobuningi. Amagama anezinhlobo zobuningi nezobuningi futhi aphendukezelwe ngokobulili. Izibizo nezibizo ziyavumelana namagama ngokobulili, ngenombolo nangesimo. Izenzo zinezikhathi eziyisithupha, izimo ezintathu nezindlela ezingapheli.

Indlela Yokufunda Ulimi Scottish Gaelic ngendlela efanele kunazo?

1. Start Nge Pronunciation: Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda Gaelic ,ure uzijwayeze pronunciation efanele. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba uqonde izifundo zakamuva futhi wenze ukukhuluma nokuqonda kube bushelelezi kakhulu.
2. Funda Silulumagama Basic: Uma une ukuqonda pronunciation, zama ukufunda silulumagama okuningi eziyisisekelo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuzokunikeza isisekelo sezifundo zakamuva futhi kuzokwenza ukuqonda nokukhuluma Isigaelic kube lula kakhulu.
3. Ukutshala Imali Ezincwadini noma Izifundo Audio: kubalulekile ukuthi utshale kwezinye izincwadi noma izifundo audio. Lokhu kuzokusiza ufunde ulimi ngendlela efanele futhi kuzokuqinisekisa ukuthi ugcina ulwazi.
4. Thola Umlingani Wengxoxo: Uma kungenzeka, thola umuntu okhuluma Isigaelic Sasescotland bese uhlela ukuba nezingxoxo ezithile. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba usebenzise ulimi futhi uqede noma yikuphi ukwesaba ukwenza amaphutha ongase ube nawo.
5. Lalela Gaelic Radio: Ukulalela gaelic radio kuyindlela enhle yokufunda okwengeziwe ngolimi futhi uthole umuzwa wokuthi kuzwakala kanjani engxoxweni.
6. Buka Gaelic Ithelevishini Imibukiso: Ukuthola imibukiso Gaelic namabhayisikobho kuzokusiza uqonde indlela ulimi isetshenziswa ezimweni ezahlukene.
7. Funda Gaelic Amaphephandaba Nomagazini: Ukufunda amaphephandaba nomagazini ebhalwe Gaelic futhi kuyindlela enkulu yokufunda okwengeziwe ngolimi namasiko.
8. Sebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe: Ungasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze inzuzo yakho lapho ukufunda Gaelic. Kunamawebhusayithi amaningi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo zokukusiza ufunde ulimi.