Isirashiya Isilatini Humusha

Isirashiya siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi olunohlelo lolimi oluyingqayizivele nesakhiwo salo. Luwulimi olusemthethweni Erussia nasecommonwealth of Independent States (cis), inhlangano yesifunda yamazwe ayengaphansi Kwesoviet. Isirashiya sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-180 emhlabeni wonke futhi singesinye sezilimi ezingu-10 ezikhulunywa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Futhi kubhekwa njengolimi oluvamile ezweni elaliyisoviet Union, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nezokuxhumana, ukuhweba, nobuchwepheshe.

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi nokubaluleka kwayo enkundleni yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuhumusha isirashiya nokubuya kuso kuyikhono elibalulekile. Kudinga ukudlulisela ngokunembile incazelo yokuqala kuyilapho kucatshangelwa ama-nuances amasiko nokuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuqukethwe. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo nesidingo sokuqonda ulimi ngokujulile, kudingeka umhumushi onolwazi ukuze kuhunyushwe izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Ukuhunyushwa kwesirashiya kuvame ukudingeka emisebenzini emikhulu yebhizinisi efana nezingxoxo zomthetho, imibhalo ehlobene nezimali, nezinto zokumaketha. Izinkampani Ezisebenza Erussia noma kwamanye amazwe E-cis zidinga ukuhumusha okunembile ukuze zikwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi kumawebhusayithi azo nasekukhangiseni okuqukethwe. Umhumushi onekhono onolwazi emkhakheni angaqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo ohlosiwe udluliselwa futhi wamukelwa ngokunembile.

Ezinguqulweni ezincane, njengezingxoxo ezingahlelekile, kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene azenzakalelayo atholakala ku-inthanethi. La mathuluzi anganikeza ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kolimi, kodwa awanakho ukunemba nokuqaphela umongo womhumushi onguchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela injongo nobunzima bezinto ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha okufanele zisetshenziswe.

Ekuphetheni, ukuhumusha isirashiya ngokunembile nangokwethenjelwa kubalulekile ukuze kube nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwezinkampani nabantu ngabanye ezweni elikhuluma isirashiya. Ukuqasha umhumushi onguchwepheshe kuyoqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo ohlosiwe udluliselwa futhi uqondwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzelwe ibhizinisi, umuntu siqu, noma ezinye izinjongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kolimi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu kuzo zonke izidingo zokuhumusha.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isirashiya?

Ulimi lwesirussia lukhulunywa Erussia, Ebelarus, Ekazakhstan, Ekyrgyzstan, E-Ukraine, E-Estonia, Elatvia, Elatvia, Emoldova, Etajikistan, Elithuania, E-Uzbekistan, e-Azerbaijan, e-Armenia, Eturkmenistan, Egeorgia Nase-Abkhazia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesirussia?

Ulimi lwesirussia lusekelwe olimini Lwesislavic Sasempumalanga, elinye lamaqembu amathathu omlando wezilimi zesislavic. Lolu limi lwalukhulunywa futhi lubhalwe izizwe Zamaslav Asempumalanga ezazihlala endaweni manje Eyirussia, I-Ukraine Nebelarus ngekhulu lesi-9. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, Isislavonic Sesonto saqala ukuba ulimi olubhaliwe lwezincwadi, izinjongo zenkolo nezokuphatha, sathatha indawo yesigreki nesilatini sangaphambili.
Ngekhulu le-10, Isislavic Sasempumalanga sasiguqukela kancane kancane olimini lwesirussia lwanamuhla, sithonywe isibulgaria nesiserbia sasendulo, sona ngokwaso esasithonywe Kakhulu Isislavonic Sesonto. Ekhulwini le-11, umsebenzi omkhulu wezincwadi wesikhathi Sekievan rus, I-Primary chronicle, yabhalwa Ngesislavic Esidala Sasempumalanga.
Phakathi nekhulu le-14 nele-15, Amarashiya aqhubeka ekhulisa indawo yawo, ekugcineni afinyelela Olwandlekazi Ipacific, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ahlangana nezinye izilimi namasiko amaningi. Amarashiya abuyisa amathonya alezi ezinye izilimi futhi azifaka kulolu limi, akha lokho manje okwaziwa ngokuthi ulimi lwesirashiya Lwanamuhla.
Kusukela ngekhulu le-17, ulimi lwesirussia lwaqala ukuthuthuka ngokwengeziwe ngomsebenzi wababhali abanethonya abanjengo-Alexander pushkin no-Ivan turgenev, ababhala ngolimi olubizwa ngokuthi "isirashiya esibhaliwe". Lolu hlobo olusha, oluthuthuke kakhudlwana lolimi lwasakazeka ngokushesha, futhi ngokushesha lwaba ulimi oluthandwa kakhulu kwezombangazwe, ezincwadini, kwezesayensi nakwezamasiko.
Namuhla, isirashiya yiso esisakazeke kakhulu ezilimini Zesislavic, esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-145 abakhuluma isislavic, futhi singesinye sezilimi ezisemthethweni Zezizwe Ezihlangene.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesirussia?

1. U-Ivan turgenev (18181883) umbhali wamanoveli, imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yaseshashalazini owenza ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwesirussia kwaziwa futhi waba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zikazwelonke.
2. U – Alexander pushkin (17991837) - umsunguli wezincwadi zesimanje zaserussia nobaba wezinkondlo zaserussia.
3. Unikolai Karamzin (17661826) – imbongi nesazi-mlando esabhala kakhulu ngolimi lwesirussia futhi senza iminikelo eminingi emasikweni aserussia.
4. Uvladimir dal ' (18011872) isazi sezilimi, isazi sezichazamazwi nomhlanganisi wesichazamazwi sokuqala esibanzi solimi lwesirussia.
5. U – Alexander Blok (18801921) - omunye wabantu abahamba phambili embonini yezincwadi yaserussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 futhi ungumbhali weminye yemisebenzi edume kakhulu ezinkondlweni zaserussia.

Kanjani ukwakheka kolimi Russian?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesirussia sisekelwe kakhulu enhlanganisweni yezimiso zokuhlanganisa nokuhlaziya. Ukuhlanganiswa kuyinqubo lapho ama-morpheme, noma izingxenye zamagama, zihlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze kwakheke igama elilodwa eliveza umqondo owodwa. Izakhiwo zokuhlaziya zihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa umqondo owodwa ube amagama ahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuwuqonda. Ngesirashiya, izijobelelo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubonisa izigaba ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lolimi, njengobulili, icala, inombolo, isici, isikhathi nokutholwa. Amagama nezichasiso kungase kube nezimo eziyisithupha ezihlukene ngesirashiya. I-syntax yolimi nayo ihlukile, inohlelo lwemisho engabonakali, imishwana engaphansi kanye namafomu ezenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Russian ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Beka okulindelwe ongokoqobo kanye nemigomo: Ukuqonda ulimi Russian kungabonakala overwhelming ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa ungakwazi ukufeza impumelelo uma usetha okulindelwe ongokoqobo kanye nemigomo ngokwakho. Break down ulimi-learning uhambo lwakho zibe izingcezu ephathekayo futhi ube nesineke wena.
2. Thola umlingani cwaningo: Thola umlingani umfundi online noma umngane okhuluma isirashiya abangakusiza ukuba abenza ukukhuluma kwakho kanye pronunciation.
3. Gxila emasikweni aserussia: Funda izincwadi, ubuke amabhayisikobho nemibukiso yethelevishini, ulalele ama-podcast nomculo, futhi uzame ukwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kolimi nomongo walo wamasiko.
4. Thatha ikilasi lolimi lwesirussia: Ukuthatha ikilasi lolimi lwesirussia lomuntu siqu noma eliku-inthanethi kungaba yindlela enhle yokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo nokuthola impendulo evela kuthisha noma isikhulumi sendabuko.
5. Yenza flashcards: Yenza flashcards for amazwi ezivame kakhulu nemishwana in Russian. Lokhu kungasiza ekuqiniseni ulimi futhi kwenze kube lula ukukhumbula.
6. Sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokufunda ulimi: Izinhlelo Zokusebenza zokufunda Ulimi ezifana Neduolingo, Imemrise, Nerosetta Stone ziyizinto ezinhle kakhulu zokufunda isirashiya. Zizokunikeza isakhiwo esithile futhi zisize ekuhlukaniseni ulimi lube izingcezu ezilawulwayo.
7. Practice, practice, practice: okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngempela ulimi Russian iwukuba ukuzijayeza kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ingabe ukufunda, ukubhala, ukulalela, nokukhuluma umzimba njalo ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho.

Ukuhumusha ngesilatini kuwumkhuba osukela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Kuhilela ukuhumusha umbhalo usuka kolunye ulimi uye kolunye, ngokuvamile usuka olimini lwesilatini uye esingisini noma kolunye ulimi lwanamuhla. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, isilatini siwulimi lwezazi, ososayensi nababhali. Ngisho nanamuhla, isilatini sinendima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi, njengomthetho, imithi, Nesonto Lamakatolika.

Ukuze aqale umsebenzi wokuhumusha, umhumushi kumelwe akhombe ulimi oluwumthombo, ngokuvamile oluyisilatini olusho imisebenzi yokuhumusha ehilela isilatini. Khona-ke, kumelwe babe nokuqonda okuqinile ngolimi lwesilatini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba nolwazi lolimi kanye nesakhiwo salo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhumushi kumelwe abe nokuqonda okuhle kakhulu kolimi okubhekiswe kulo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwazi umehluko wamasiko olimi ukuze kuboniswe ngokunembile ithoni nencazelo yombhalo wokuqala.

Lapho ulimi oluwumthombo selukhonjwe futhi umhumushi esenamakhono adingekayo, angaqala ukuhumusha. Kuye ngobunzima bombhalo wokuqala nezilaleli ezihlosiwe, kunezindlela eziningana umhumushi angazisebenzisa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umbhalo uhunyushelwa izilaleli ezivamile ezingaqondi isilatini, umhumushi angase akhethe ukusebenzisa amagama namagama anamuhla kunamagama esilatini angokoqobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emibhalweni edinga ukuhunyushwa okusemthethweni, umhumushi angase akhethe ukuhlala ethembekile embhalweni wesilatini.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isilatini siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi. Inezinto eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingase zibe nzima kumhumushi ongaqondi kahle ulimi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokuvamile kungcono ukushiya izinguqulo eziyinkimbinkimbi zesilatini kumhumushi onguchwepheshe onolwazi kulo mkhakha.

Kunoma yikuphi ukuhumusha, ukunemba kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinguqulo kumelwe zidlulisele ngokunembile incazelo yombhalo wokuqala ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ithoni, isitayela, noma umyalezo owawuhloselwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho kuhunyushwa isilatini, njengoba amaphutha angaholela kalula ekudidekeni noma ekungaxhumani kahle. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba, ukuhlola nokuhlola kabili umbhalo ohunyushiwe kubalulekile.

Ukuhumusha kuyikhono elithatha isikhathi nokuzijwayeza ukuliqonda. Uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni isilatini, ngokuvamile ochwepheshe bayindlela engcono kakhulu. Banamathuluzi nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze bahumushe umbhalo wesilatini ngokunembile esingisini noma kolunye ulimi. Njengoba umhumushi ofanelekayo ephatha lo msebenzi, abahumushi besilatini bangaqiniseka ngokunikeza izinguqulo ezinembile nezithembekile.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo ulimi lwesilatini?

Ulimi lwesilatini alukhulunywa njengolimi oluyinhloko kunoma yiliphi izwe, kodwa lusetshenziselwa izinjongo eziningi ezisemthethweni Evatican City Naseriphabhuliki Yasesan Marino. Isilatini sifundwa futhi njengolimi noma sifundiswa njengengxenye yezifundo emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise Ne-United States, Ifrance, Ispain, Iportugal, I-Italy, Ipoland, Iromania, Ijalimane, I-Austria, Inetherlands, Ibelgium, Iswitzerland, Icanada, Imexico, Icolombia, Ibrazil, Ivenezuela, Iperu, I-Argentina, Ichile, I-Ecuador, Ibolivia, I-Uruguay, Iparaguay, namanye amazwe ahlukahlukene.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesilatini?

Ulimi lwesilatini lunomlando omude osukela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Yaqala njengolimi Lwasendiya-Yurophu futhi yasetshenziswa okokuqala enhlonhlweni yase-italy Phakathi Nenkathi yensimbi. Ukusuka lapho, yasakazekela kwezinye izindawo ezinjenge-Iberia, Igaul, Futhi ekugcineni Yasakazekela Ebrithani phakathi nenkathi yakudala yombuso Waseroma. Isilatini sasiwulimi olusemthethweni Lombuso Waseroma iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, futhi saba ulimi Lobukatolika Phakathi Nenkathi Ephakathi. Phakathi nenkathi Yokuvuselelwa kwesintu, isilatini savuselelwa futhi sasetshenziselwa izinjongo zesayensi, zemfundo nezemibhalo. Ekhulwini le-19, lathathelwa indawo izilimi Zesiromance njengolimi oluyinhloko lokuxhumana, kodwa lisasetshenziswa nanamuhla ezindaweni ezithile zezikhungo nasezinhlosweni zenkolo nezemfundo.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesilatini?

1. Ucicero (106 bc 43 bc) – isikhulu sikahulumeni Waseroma, ummeli nesikhulumi, okwathi ngokubhala kwakhe nangezinkulumo zakhe, sathonya kakhulu ulimi lwesilatini.
2. Uvirgil (70 bc – 19 bc) – imbongi yaseroma eyaziwa kakhulu ngenkondlo yayo ebabazekayo, i-Aeneid, eyayibhalwe ngesilatini. Umsebenzi wakhe uye waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zesilatini kanye ne-syntax.
3. Ujulius caesar (100 bc 44 bc) – umlawuli wamaroma kanye nosomabhizinisi imibhalo yakhe yaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lolimi lwesilatini kanye ne-syntax.
4. Uhorace (65 bc-8 bc) - imbongi yaseroma enezingoma zayo kanye namahlaya ayo abe nomthelela ohlala njalo ezinkondlweni zesilatini.
5. U-Ovid (43 bc 17 ad) - imbongi yaseroma eyaziwa kakhulu ngemisebenzi yayo elandisayo, Njenge-Metamorphoses, eye yacebisa kakhulu i-prose yesilatini.

Ulimi lwesilatini lwakhiwa kanjani?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesilatini sisekelwe esimisweni sokwehla okuyisihlanu, okuyiqembu lamagama nezichasiso ezihlanganyela iziphetho ezifanayo. Ukuhlehla ngakunye kuqukethe amacala ayisithupha ahlukene: okuqanjiwe, okuqanjiwe, okuqanjiwe, okuqanjiwe, nokuqanjiwe. Isilatini sinezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlanganiswa kwezenzi: okuvamile nokungajwayelekile. Isakhiwo sesilatini sihlanganisa nezijobelelo, izijobelelo, izijobelelo, nezibizo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi lwesilatini ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start izinto eziyisisekelo. Thatha izifundo noma uthenge incwadi ehlanganisa izisekelo zohlelo lolimi lwesilatini namagama, njengelithi "Essential latin" Likajohn c. Traupman noma elithi "Wheelock' s latin" likafrederic m. Wheelock.
2. Lalela latin okuqoshiwe audio. Uma kungenzeka, thola okuqoshiwe audio of Latin ezikhulunywa izikhulumi bomdabu. Lokhu kuzokusiza ufunde lengiyo pronunciation and intonation.
3. Prakthiza ukufunda Latin. Funda imibhalo yesilatini efana nemisebenzi yababhali bakudala kuhlanganise Novirgil Nocicero, izincwadi zemithandazo ezindala, nezincwadi zesimanje zezincwadi zesilatini.
4. Bhala ngesilatini. Njengoba uzizwa ukhululekile ngesilatini, umkhuba ukubhala ngesilatini ukuze ujwayelane kakhudlwana nohlelo lolimi olufanele nokusetshenziswa kwalo.
5. Khuluma Isilatini. Joyina iqembu lendawo lesilatini, ubhalise esifundweni sesilatini esiku-inthanethi, futhi uhlanganyele ezinseleleni zokuhumusha isilatini ukuze uzijwayeze ukukhuluma lolu limi.