Isirashiya Isishayina Humusha

Isirashiya siwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi olunohlelo lolimi oluyingqayizivele nesakhiwo salo. Luwulimi olusemthethweni Erussia nasecommonwealth of Independent States (cis), inhlangano yesifunda yamazwe ayengaphansi Kwesoviet. Isirashiya sikhulunywa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-180 emhlabeni wonke futhi singesinye sezilimi ezingu-10 ezikhulunywa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Futhi kubhekwa njengolimi oluvamile ezweni elaliyisoviet Union, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nezokuxhumana, ukuhweba, nobuchwepheshe.

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi nokubaluleka kwayo enkundleni yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuhumusha isirashiya nokubuya kuso kuyikhono elibalulekile. Kudinga ukudlulisela ngokunembile incazelo yokuqala kuyilapho kucatshangelwa ama-nuances amasiko nokuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuqukethwe. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo nesidingo sokuqonda ulimi ngokujulile, kudingeka umhumushi onolwazi ukuze kuhunyushwe izinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Ukuhunyushwa kwesirashiya kuvame ukudingeka emisebenzini emikhulu yebhizinisi efana nezingxoxo zomthetho, imibhalo ehlobene nezimali, nezinto zokumaketha. Izinkampani Ezisebenza Erussia noma kwamanye amazwe E-cis zidinga ukuhumusha okunembile ukuze zikwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi kumawebhusayithi azo nasekukhangiseni okuqukethwe. Umhumushi onekhono onolwazi emkhakheni angaqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo ohlosiwe udluliselwa futhi wamukelwa ngokunembile.

Ezinguqulweni ezincane, njengezingxoxo ezingahlelekile, kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene azenzakalelayo atholakala ku-inthanethi. La mathuluzi anganikeza ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kolimi, kodwa awanakho ukunemba nokuqaphela umongo womhumushi onguchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela injongo nobunzima bezinto ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinsizakalo zokuhumusha okufanele zisetshenziswe.

Ekuphetheni, ukuhumusha isirashiya ngokunembile nangokwethenjelwa kubalulekile ukuze kube nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwezinkampani nabantu ngabanye ezweni elikhuluma isirashiya. Ukuqasha umhumushi onguchwepheshe kuyoqinisekisa ukuthi umyalezo ohlosiwe udluliselwa futhi uqondwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzelwe ibhizinisi, umuntu siqu, noma ezinye izinjongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kolimi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu kuzo zonke izidingo zokuhumusha.

Yimaphi amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo isirashiya?

Ulimi lwesirussia lukhulunywa Erussia, Ebelarus, Ekazakhstan, Ekyrgyzstan, E-Ukraine, E-Estonia, Elatvia, Elatvia, Emoldova, Etajikistan, Elithuania, E-Uzbekistan, e-Azerbaijan, e-Armenia, Eturkmenistan, Egeorgia Nase-Abkhazia.

Uyini umlando wolimi lwesirussia?

Ulimi lwesirussia lusekelwe olimini Lwesislavic Sasempumalanga, elinye lamaqembu amathathu omlando wezilimi zesislavic. Lolu limi lwalukhulunywa futhi lubhalwe izizwe Zamaslav Asempumalanga ezazihlala endaweni manje Eyirussia, I-Ukraine Nebelarus ngekhulu lesi-9. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, Isislavonic Sesonto saqala ukuba ulimi olubhaliwe lwezincwadi, izinjongo zenkolo nezokuphatha, sathatha indawo yesigreki nesilatini sangaphambili.
Ngekhulu le-10, Isislavic Sasempumalanga sasiguqukela kancane kancane olimini lwesirussia lwanamuhla, sithonywe isibulgaria nesiserbia sasendulo, sona ngokwaso esasithonywe Kakhulu Isislavonic Sesonto. Ekhulwini le-11, umsebenzi omkhulu wezincwadi wesikhathi Sekievan rus, I-Primary chronicle, yabhalwa Ngesislavic Esidala Sasempumalanga.
Phakathi nekhulu le-14 nele-15, Amarashiya aqhubeka ekhulisa indawo yawo, ekugcineni afinyelela Olwandlekazi Ipacific, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ahlangana nezinye izilimi namasiko amaningi. Amarashiya abuyisa amathonya alezi ezinye izilimi futhi azifaka kulolu limi, akha lokho manje okwaziwa ngokuthi ulimi lwesirashiya Lwanamuhla.
Kusukela ngekhulu le-17, ulimi lwesirussia lwaqala ukuthuthuka ngokwengeziwe ngomsebenzi wababhali abanethonya abanjengo-Alexander pushkin no-Ivan turgenev, ababhala ngolimi olubizwa ngokuthi "isirashiya esibhaliwe". Lolu hlobo olusha, oluthuthuke kakhudlwana lolimi lwasakazeka ngokushesha, futhi ngokushesha lwaba ulimi oluthandwa kakhulu kwezombangazwe, ezincwadini, kwezesayensi nakwezamasiko.
Namuhla, isirashiya yiso esisakazeke kakhulu ezilimini Zesislavic, esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-145 abakhuluma isislavic, futhi singesinye sezilimi ezisemthethweni Zezizwe Ezihlangene.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesirussia?

1. U-Ivan turgenev (18181883) umbhali wamanoveli, imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yaseshashalazini owenza ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwesirussia kwaziwa futhi waba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zikazwelonke.
2. U – Alexander pushkin (17991837) - umsunguli wezincwadi zesimanje zaserussia nobaba wezinkondlo zaserussia.
3. Unikolai Karamzin (17661826) – imbongi nesazi-mlando esabhala kakhulu ngolimi lwesirussia futhi senza iminikelo eminingi emasikweni aserussia.
4. Uvladimir dal ' (18011872) isazi sezilimi, isazi sezichazamazwi nomhlanganisi wesichazamazwi sokuqala esibanzi solimi lwesirussia.
5. U – Alexander Blok (18801921) - omunye wabantu abahamba phambili embonini yezincwadi yaserussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 futhi ungumbhali weminye yemisebenzi edume kakhulu ezinkondlweni zaserussia.

Kanjani ukwakheka kolimi Russian?

Isakhiwo solimi lwesirussia sisekelwe kakhulu enhlanganisweni yezimiso zokuhlanganisa nokuhlaziya. Ukuhlanganiswa kuyinqubo lapho ama-morpheme, noma izingxenye zamagama, zihlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze kwakheke igama elilodwa eliveza umqondo owodwa. Izakhiwo zokuhlaziya zihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa umqondo owodwa ube amagama ahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuwuqonda. Ngesirashiya, izijobelelo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubonisa izigaba ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lolimi, njengobulili, icala, inombolo, isici, isikhathi nokutholwa. Amagama nezichasiso kungase kube nezimo eziyisithupha ezihlukene ngesirashiya. I-syntax yolimi nayo ihlukile, inohlelo lwemisho engabonakali, imishwana engaphansi kanye namafomu ezenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi Russian ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Beka okulindelwe ongokoqobo kanye nemigomo: Ukuqonda ulimi Russian kungabonakala overwhelming ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa ungakwazi ukufeza impumelelo uma usetha okulindelwe ongokoqobo kanye nemigomo ngokwakho. Break down ulimi-learning uhambo lwakho zibe izingcezu ephathekayo futhi ube nesineke wena.
2. Thola umlingani cwaningo: Thola umlingani umfundi online noma umngane okhuluma isirashiya abangakusiza ukuba abenza ukukhuluma kwakho kanye pronunciation.
3. Gxila emasikweni aserussia: Funda izincwadi, ubuke amabhayisikobho nemibukiso yethelevishini, ulalele ama-podcast nomculo, futhi uzame ukwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kolimi nomongo walo wamasiko.
4. Thatha ikilasi lolimi lwesirussia: Ukuthatha ikilasi lolimi lwesirussia lomuntu siqu noma eliku-inthanethi kungaba yindlela enhle yokufunda izinto eziyisisekelo nokuthola impendulo evela kuthisha noma isikhulumi sendabuko.
5. Yenza flashcards: Yenza flashcards for amazwi ezivame kakhulu nemishwana in Russian. Lokhu kungasiza ekuqiniseni ulimi futhi kwenze kube lula ukukhumbula.
6. Sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokufunda ulimi: Izinhlelo Zokusebenza zokufunda Ulimi ezifana Neduolingo, Imemrise, Nerosetta Stone ziyizinto ezinhle kakhulu zokufunda isirashiya. Zizokunikeza isakhiwo esithile futhi zisize ekuhlukaniseni ulimi lube izingcezu ezilawulwayo.
7. Practice, practice, practice: okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngempela ulimi Russian iwukuba ukuzijayeza kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ingabe ukufunda, ukubhala, ukulalela, nokukhuluma umzimba njalo ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho.

Ukuhunyushwa Kwesishayina: Isiqondiso Esibanzi

Ichina igcwele amathuba amabhizinisi afuna ukuthekelisa imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zawo emakethe enkulu, ekhula njalo. Nokho, ngenxa yobukhulu Obukhulu Bechina nezilimi zayo eziningi, eziningi zalezi zinkampani zidinga izinsizakalo zokuhumusha Zesishayina ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Kulesi sihloko, sizonikeza ukubuka konke okujulile kokuhunyushwa Kwesishayina futhi sixoxe ngezinye zezici okudingeka uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuhumusha.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilimi Ezikhulunywa Echina. Isishayina esivamile, esaziwa nangokuthi Isimandarin, siwulimi olusemthethweni Lwepeople ' s Republic Of China futhi siwulimi olusetshenziswa kakhulu ezweni. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilimi eziyinhloko zesifunda zihlanganisa Iwu (ulimi lwesifunda Sasejiangsu), Isicanton (ulimi olusemthethweni Lwasehong kong Nasemacau), Nesimin (ulimi lwesifundazwe Sasefujian). Zonke lezi zinhlobo zezilimi ziyaqondana ngezinga elithile, kodwa kunokwehluka okwanele phakathi kwazo okudinga izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zokuhumusha.

Lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuhumusha, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi bajwayelene nezinhlobo zolimi ozidingayo ezihunyushiwe. Abahlinzeki abaningi banikeza izinsizakalo zolimi eziphelele, kodwa abanye bagxile ohlotsheni olulodwa noma ezimbili kuphela zezilimi eziyinhloko. Kukhona futhi ithuba lokuqasha umhumushi odabuka kolunye ulimi futhi oqeqeshwe ngobungcweti kolunye - njengokhuluma Isimandarin futhi onekhono Lesicanton.

Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuhumusha izinga lokuhumusha kwabo. Cela umhlinzeki wakho ukuze uthole izibonelo zomsebenzi wakhe ukuze uhlole ukunemba nokuvumelana kwawo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho ulandela imikhuba emihle yomkhakha ukuqinisekisa amazinga aphakeme kakhulu ekhwalithi, njengokunikeza izazi zezilimi zesikhathi sangempela ubuchwepheshe besihloko sephrojekthi ngayinye.

Ekugcineni, amanani entengo ayisici esibalulekile okufanele sikhunjulwe lapho kukhethwa umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuhumusha. Abahlinzeki abaningi banikeza amaphakheji entengo ancintisanayo, aguquguqukayo nezaphulelo zamaphrojekthi amakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngesabelomali sakho nomhlinzeki wakho futhi uqiniseke ukuthi izindleko zephrojekthi zingokoqobo futhi zingabizi.

Ekuphetheni, ukuhumusha Isishayina kungaba umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi onzima, kodwa ngomhlinzeki ofanele, ungaqinisekisa izinguqulo ezinembile nezithembekile zanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilimi ezikhulunywa Echina, ukukhetha umhlinzeki wesevisi yokuhumusha enikeza izinsizakalo zekhwalithi, nokucabangela amanani, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuhumusha okungcono Kakhulu Kwesishayina kwephrojekthi yakho.

Yimaphi amazwe Okukhulunywa kuwo Ulimi Lwesishayina?

Isishayina sikhulunywa Echina, Etaiwan, Esingapore, Emalaysia, E-Indonesia, Ethailand, Ebrunei, Ephilippines nakwamanye amazwe anemiphakathi emikhulu Yamashayina ahlala kwamanye amazwe.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesishayina?

Ulimi Lwesishayina lungolunye lwezilimi ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, olunomlando obhaliwe osukela eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-3.500 edlule. Kukholakala ukuthi yavela ezinhlotsheni zakudala Zesishayina esikhulunywayo futhi ingalandelwa emuva embusweni wasendulo Waseshang (17661046 bc). Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, izilimi ezihlukahlukene zakhula futhi zasakazekela kuyo yonke le ndawo, okwaholela olimini lwesimandarin olujwayelekile lwanamuhla esilwaziyo namuhla. Kuwo wonke umlando wayo, ukubhala Kwasechina kuye kwathonywa kakhulu Ububuddha Nobuconfucius, okuye kwaba nethonya elikhulu emasikweni nasezincwadini Zasechina.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesishayina?

1. Uconfucius (551479 bce): isazi sefilosofi nomfundisi Wasechina kuthiwa wasungula isikole sokucabanga Sikaconfucius, esathonya kakhulu isiko nolimi Lwesishayina.
2. Uzheng he (13711435): umhloli wamazwe ovelele Wasechina no-admiral, Uzheng he ' s exploration voyage wasungula ukuxhumana okuningi okuhlala njalo phakathi kwabantu Basempumalanga Ekude Nasempumalanga Ephakathi okusabalulekile olimini Lwesishayina namuhla.
3. Ulu Xun( 18811936): Ulu Xun wayengumbhali Wasechina futhi engumvukeli owenza ukusetshenziswa Kwesishayina esivamile kwaziwa kakhulu ngokungafani nezindlela ezisemthethweni zolimi, okwabeka isiteji Sesishayina esibhaliwe sanamuhla.
4. Umao zedong (18931976): Umao Zedong wayengumholi wezepolitiki Wasechina owasungula uhlelo Lwe-pinyin Lokuhumusha ulimi Lwesishayina, olwenza inguquko ekufundiseni nasekufundeni Isishayina esikhulunywayo nesibhaliwe.
5. Uzhou Youguang( 1906-2017): Uzhou Youguang wayengusosayensi wezilimi Wasechina nosomabhizinisi owasungula izinhlamvu zamagama Zolimi Lwesishayina, ezaziwa Ngokuthi Ihanyu pinyin, manje eseyisilinganiso sokufundiswa kolimi Echina.

Ulimi Lwesishayina lwakhiwa kanjani?

Ulimi lwesishayina luwulimi olunezwi, okusho ukuthi igama elifanayo lingaba nezincazelo ezihlukile kuye ngezwi elikhulunywa ngalo. Isishayina naso siwulimi olunezinhlamvu, uhlamvu ngalunye lunombono noma incazelo eyodwa ephelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi Lwesishayina lwakhiwa izinhlamvu (noma amahanzi), ezakhiwe imivimbo ngayinye nama-radical.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Lwesishayina ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Start ngokufunda eziyisisekelo: tones, pronunciation, futhi eziyisisekelo lolimi Chinese. 2. Chitha isikhathi ukutadisha futhi ngekhanda izinhlamvu ezivame kakhulu nemishwana. 3. Prakthiza nsuku zonke nge inkambo inthanethi noma isikhulumi bomdabu. 4. Lalela Podcasts Chinese noma ubuke movie Chinese ukuba bajwayelane pronunciation bomdabu. 5. Thola umlingani language exchange ukuzijayeza njalo. 6. Vakashela China noma ukuya esikoleni ulimi Chinese ukucwilisa wena ulimi. 7. Funda izincwadi, amaphephandaba kanye nomagazini Chinese. 8. Joyina umphakathi chinese ulimi-learning online noma mathupha.