Isi-ukraine Isi-vietnam Humusha

Ukuhumusha isi-ukraine kubalulekile kumabhizinisi amaningi nezinhlangano ezidinga ukuxhumana nabantu abavela noma ngaphakathi Kwe-Ukraine. Kunezinsizakalo eziningi ezitholakalayo ukuze zibasize bafinyelele izilaleli ezihlosiwe, kusukela kubahumushi abazimele kuya ezinkampanini ezikhethekile zokuhumusha. Isidingo sokuhunyushwa kwesi-ukraine siyaqhubeka sikhula njengoba umnotho wezwe nobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe buqhubeka nokwanda.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni isi-ukraine ukuthola umhumushi oneziqu nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuze ahumushe ngokunembile ulimi oluwumthombo olimini lwesi-ukraine. Ngaphandle kokuba nemfundo yezilimi nezilimi abazihumushayo, kumelwe futhi babe nolwazi lwangaphambili nokuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza kumaphrojekthi okuhumusha ase-ukraine.

Umhumushi kudingeka abe nolwazi oluhle ngemininingwane yolimi lwesi-ukraine nanoma yiziphi izinkomba zamasiko okungase kudingeke ukuba zicatshangelwe. Izinguqulo eziningi zingathintwa umlando wezwe, isiko, nesimo sezombangazwe, ngakho kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umhumushi owazi ulimi futhi owazi ngentuthuko yamuva e-Ukraine.

Uma kuziwa ekusebenzeni nomhumushi ofanelekayo wase-ukraine, kubalulekile ukukhetha eyodwa enezinqubo ezichazwe kahle nezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo, ngoba ukunemba nokuvumelana kubalulekile ekuxhumaneni okuphumelelayo. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi enhle kuhilela ukuhlola njalo ukuhumusha ngokumelene nomthombo wokuqala futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi noma yikuphi ukungafani kulethwa kumhumushi ukuze kuhunyushwe kabusha.

Kuyasiza futhi ukusebenzisa inkampani enikeza izinsizakalo ezengeziwe ezifana nokwenziwa kwendawo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhumusha kufanelekile ngokwendabuko nangokwezilimi kubabukeli ababhekiswe kubo. Lokhu kusho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulimi luhambisana nesifunda esithile, kusetshenziswa izilimi zendawo nemifanekiso lapho kudingeka khona. Kuhlanganisa nokunikeza ukufometha okufanele nokwakhiwa kokuhlelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto ezihunyushiwe zibukeka zifana nezinto eziwumthombo.

Ngokuyinhloko, ukuhumusha ngesi-ukraine kumayelana nokudlulisa umyalezo ohlosiwe ngokunembile, kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa nokuthi konke ukuzwela kwamasiko nomongo jikelele kuyacatshangelwa. Ukuthola umhumushi okwazi ukukwenza lokhu, futhi lokho kusebenza nezindinganiso eziphakeme zobungcweti nezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uthola imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Yiliphi ulimi olukhulunywa e-ukraine?

Ulimi lwesi-ukraine lukhulunywa ikakhulukazi e-Ukraine nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zaserussia, Ebelarus, Emoldova, Epoland, Eslovakia, Ehungary, Eromania Nasebulgaria. Ibuye isetshenziswe njengolimi oluncane Ekazakhstan, Eserbia, Egrisi Nasecroatia.

Uyini umlando ulimi ukraine?

Ulimi lwesi-ukraine lunomlando omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi wokuthuthuka. Luwulimi Lwesislavic Sasempumalanga, oluphakathi komkhaya ofanayo nesirashiya nesibelarusian. Sekuyisikhathi Eside sikhulunywa e-Ukraine kusukela ngekhulu le-11. Phakathi nengxenye enkulu yomlando Wayo kwakuyingxenye yolimi Lwesislavonic Sesonto, olwalusetshenziswa ezincwadini zenkolo nasemibhalweni. Phakathi nengxenye enkulu yekhulu le-16 nele-19, yaqhubeka ibhekwa njengesilimi sesirashiya, naphezu kwezici ezithile ezihlukile.
Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19 lapho isi-ukraine saqala khona ukuqashelwa njengolimi oluhlukile, njengengxenye yokuvuselelwa kwezincwadi e-Ukraine. Isisekelo sesi-ukraine sanamuhla sasungulwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, isi-ukraine sase siwulimi lwabantu Abaningi base-Ukraine.
Ngo-1917 I-Ukraine yamemezela ukuzimela Kwayo Erussia futhi yamukela isi-ukraine njengolimi olusemthethweni lombuso. Lokhu kwaqala inkathi yokujwayeza nokuthuthukisa ulimi, kwanyatheliswa izichazamazwi eziningi, izincwadi zohlelo lolimi, nezinto zokufundisa ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusetshenziswa kwalo.
Kusukela ithola inkululeko ngo-1991, i-ukraine iye yavuselelwa nakakhulu. Sesibe ulimi olusemthethweni lwesizwe, futhi sifundiswa kabanzi ezikoleni futhi sisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana nomphakathi. Naphezu kokuba khona kwesirashiya kwezinye izindawo zezwe, isi-ukraine sihlala siwulimi oluyinhloko e-Ukraine.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwesi-ukraine?

1. U-Ivan kotlyarevsky (17691838): Ebhekwa njengomsunguli wezincwadi zesimanje zase-ukraine, Ukotlyarevsky wabhala inkondlo yokuqala yesizwe ngesi-ukraine, I-Eneyida. Imisebenzi yakhe yasiza ekwandiseni nasekulinganiseni ulimi.
2. Utaras Shevchenko (18141861): umuntu ovelele wezincwadi nobuciko base-ukraine, ushevchenko kwesinye isikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi "ubaba wolimi lwase-ukraine". Wayengumsekeli oshisekayo wokusetshenziswa kwesi-ukraine ezincwadini nasemasikweni futhi wabhala izinkondlo eziningi namanoveli ngolimi.
3. U-Ivan Franko (18561916): umbhali nombongi onethonya, Ufranko wabhala eminye yemisebenzi yokuqala yezincwadi zanamuhla zase-ukraine. Wabuye wasungula I-Ivan Franko National University Yaselviv, eyakha izindlela zemfundo ezishintshayo ezigcizelela ukubaluleka kolimi lwesi-ukraine.
4. Uvolodymyr vernadsky (18631945): isazi-mlando esivelele, isazi sefilosofi, nesazi sokuma komhlaba, Uvernadsky wayengumholi oyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni isiko lesimanje lase-ukraine. Wayengomunye wabasunguli Beshevchenko Scientific Society futhi wabhala izincwadi eziningi nezindatshana ngezihloko zase-ukraine ngolimi.
5. U-Oleksandr Oles (18841962): isazi sezilimi esivelele nesazi sezilimi, U-Oles waba namandla amakhulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lolimi lwesi-ukraine lwanamuhla. Wayengumbhali wemisebenzi eminingana emikhulu ngolimi, kufaka Phakathi Ulimi lwesi-ukraine Ezikoleni Zamabanga Aphansi, futhi wayeyilungu elinamandla Le-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.

Kanjani ukwakheka kolimi ukraine?

Ulimi lwesi-ukraine luwulimi Lwesislavic olukhulunywa ikakhulukazi e-Ukraine, lapho luwulimi olusemthethweni khona. Ihlobene kakhulu Nesibelarusian, isipolish nesirashiya nezinye izilimi zamaslav. Inezinhlamvu zayo ezithathwe Olimini Lwesicyrillic, futhi uhlelo lwayo lolimi lufana nolwezinye izilimi Zesislavic, ezinamagama, izichasiso, izenzi nezichasiso ezinokuhlehla nokuhlanganiswa okuhlukile. Ngokuvamile ukuhleleka kwamagama kuyisihloko isenzo into, kodwa kuyaguquguquka futhi kungahluka kuye ngokugcizelelwa kwesikhulumi.

Indlela yokufunda ulimi ukraine ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thola isifundo solimi oluhle: Start ngokuthola isifundo solimi oluhle esigxile olimini lwesi-ukraine. Bheka okuthile olunzulu futhi likufundisa kokubili uhlelo lolimi kanye silulumagama ulimi.
2. Thenga ezinye izincwadi ezinhle zokufunda ulimi: Izincwadi zingenye yezinsiza ezinhle kakhulu uma kuziwa ekufundeni ulimi. Bheka izincwadi ezigxile olimini lwesi-ukraine hhayi kuphela ngohlelo lolimi kodwa nangamasiko, umlando nezisho.
3. Prakthiza! Indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda ulimi iwukuyenza ngangokunokwenzeka. Bheka ithuba lokuba nezingxoxo nezikhulumi zomdabu, kungaba ku-inthanethi noma endaweni yakho. Lalela umsakazo ukraine futhi ubuke amabhayisikobho ukraine kanye TV. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba ujwayelane kakhudlwana nolimi futhi ululawule ngokushesha.
4. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza namawebhusayithi: Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi namawebhusayithi angakusiza ukuba uthuthukise amakhono akho olimi lwase-ukraine. Bheka izinkundla ze-inthanethi, amabhulogi namawebhusayithi agxile ekufundiseni isi-ukraine.
5. Zicwilise: Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokufunda ulimi ukuhamba nokuzicwilisa emasikweni nasendaweni ezungezile. Uma ukuya E-Ukraine akuyona inketho kuwe, zama ukuthola iqembu lendawo lokuhlangana noma uhlelo lokushintshana ngolimi.

Isivietnam siwulimi oluyingqayizivele olunama-alfabhethi,, izilimi kanye nemithetho yohlelo lolimi eyenza kube olunye lwezilimi eziyinselele kakhulu ukuhumusha. Ngenxa yalokho, labo abafuna izinguqulo ezinembile kumelwe baqasha umhumushi wasevietnam onguchwepheshe oqonda imininingwane ehlukahlukene yolimi namasiko.

Evietnam, ulimi lukazwelonke lubizwa ngokuthi itiếng Việt, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "ulimi Lwesivietnam."Lolu limi lunezilimi zalo eziningi nezigqi ezihlukahluka kuye ngesifunda futhi ngokuvamile kwenza kube nzima ukuba abantu abangakhulumi ulimi lwendabuko baluqonde. Isivietnam sinama-alfabhethi aso, aziwa ngokuthi I-Ch Qu Quŏc Ngữ, noma "I-Quŏc Ng" Script", eyakhiwa izithunywa zevangeli ngekhulu le-17 ukuze zibhale lolu limi lube izinhlamvu zesilatini.

Uhlelo lolimi lwesivietnam, njengezilimi eziningi, lulandela imithetho ethile nezakhiwo ezithile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lolimi Lwesivietnam, futhi izikhathi nezimo zengqondo zibonisa isimo samanje noma esizayo sesenzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagama nezichasiso Ngesivietnam zinobulili obuthile futhi zingashintsha kuye ngomongo womusho. Amagama angasho ngisho nezincazelo ezihlukahlukene kuye ngokuthi abekwe kuphi emshweni.

Isivietnam sinezisho eziningi, amagama, nemishwana okungaba nzima ukuyihumusha ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokujulile ulimi namasiko. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ethi hạnh phúc ingahunyushwa ngokuthi "injabulo" ngesingisi, kodwa ingaphezu kwalokho — ihlanganisa umqondo wokufinyelela ukuthula kwangaphakathi, ukulinganisela, injabulo nokwaneliseka. Abahumushi abangochwepheshe kumelwe baqonde lokhu kwehluka okuncane ukuze badlulisele umyalezo ngokunembile olimini okubhekiswe kulo.

Ukuhunyushwa okunembile Kwesivietnam kubalulekile kwezamabhizinisi, kwezomthetho nakwezinye izincwadi. Ukuqasha umhumushi Oqeqeshiwe Wasevietnam kuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imininingwane yolimi iyabanjwa futhi ivezwe ngokunembile olimini okuhloswe ngalo. Ngosizo lomhumushi wasevietnam onolwazi, noma yimuphi umbhalo ungahunyushwa ngokunembile, okuvumela abafundi ukuba baqonde ngokugcwele umyalezo nencazelo ehlosiwe.

Yimaphi amazwe Olimi Lwesivietnam olukhulunywa kuwo?

Isivietnam siwulimi olusemthethweni Lwasevietnam futhi lukhulunywa Nase-Australia, Ecambodia, Ecanada, Efrance, Ejalimane, Elaos, Ephilippines, Etaiwan, e-United states nasezingxenyeni ezithile Zasechina.

Uyini umlando wolimi Lwesivietnam?

Ulimi Lwesivietnam luyingxenye yolimi lwase-Austroasiatic, oluhlanganisa izilimi ezikhulunywa ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene Eningizimu-Mpumalanga Ye-Asia. Ekuqaleni kwakukholelwa ukuthi lolu limi luvela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-9, kodwa Kucatshangwa ukuthi Isivietnam sanamuhla sivela ohlotsheni lolimi olwalukhulunywa enyakatho Yevietnam maphakathi nekhulu le-17.
Isivietnam siwulimi olunezwi, okusho ukuthi lusebenzisa amathoni( amazinga e-pitch) ukuhlukanisa amagama nencazelo ngaphakathi kwamagama. Futhi ulimi olunezinhlamvu ezimbili, okusho ukuthi amagama amaningi akhiwe uhlamvu olulodwa. Isivietnam sibhalwa kusetshenziswa izinhlamvu zamagama zesilatini eziguquliwe, inguqulo yezinhlamvu zesishayina zendabuko ezaziwa ngokuthi i-chu nom, nenguqulo ye-kanji Yasejapane eyaziwa ngokuthi i-chô nôm.
Ulimi olusemthethweni Lwasevietnam, Isivietnam luye lwathonywa Kakhulu Isishayina phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Kuye kwaba namathonya anamandla avela esifulentshi, isiputukezi nesingisi. Namuhla, kunezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene Zokubhala Ngesivietnam: ukubhala okusemthethweni, ukubhala izincwadi, nokubhala okuvamile.

Bangobani abantu abaphezulu aba-5 abaye baba negalelo elikhulu olimini Lwesivietnam?

1. Unguyễn Du (1766-1820): imbongi yasevietnam ehlonishwa kakhulu, eyaziwa kakhulu ngenkondlo yayo ebabazekayo, Ithe tale of kiŏu.
2. Uphan Bŏi châu (1867 1940): umholi Wesizwe nesazi - mlando, okucatshangwa ukuthi wasungula Isivietnam sanamuhla njengolimi olubhaliwe.
3. Uhŏ chí Minh (1890 1969): Wahola Ivietnam ekuzimeleni ngo – 1945 futhi ungumuntu odume kakhulu futhi onethonya emlandweni wezwe.
4. Utrylvania Kim (18721928): isazi Esidumile kanye nosomabhizinisi, wabhala imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile emlandweni nasemasikweni Asevietnam.
5. Uphạm Quang sáng (19262011): Imbongi, umhlaziyi wezincwadi kanye nesazi sezilimi esaziwa kakhulu ngeminikelo yakhe emikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi Lwesivietnam.

Ulimi Lwesivietnam lukhulunywa kanjani?

Ulimi Lwesivietnam luwulimi olunezwi, okusho ukuthi uhlamvu olufanayo lungaba nezincazelo ezihlukile kuye ngethoni yezwi eliphinyiselwa kulo. Futhi ulimi lokuhlaziya, okusho ukuthi amagama akhiwa amayunithi amancane (ikakhulukazi, izinhlayiya zohlelo lolimi nezinguquko zamagama). Ulimi Lwesivietnam lubhalwa kusetshenziswa izinhlamvu zamagama ezisekelwe olimini lwesilatini, ezinamamaki engeziwe okubhala ukuze kuboniswe amathoni. Ekugcineni, ngenxa yokuthi Ivietnam iye yathonywa kakhulu isiko Lamashayina, ulimi olukhulunywayo luqukethe namagama amaningi abawaboleka Esishayina.

Indlela yokufunda Ulimi Vietnamese ngendlela efanele kakhulu?

1. Thatha ikilasi lolimi Lwesivietnam. Ukufunda noma yiluphi ulimi kwenziwa kangcono nothisha ekilasini. Bheka ekilasini ofanelekayo ukuthi ofanelana ikhono lakho level futhi has othisha bomdabu.
2. Prakthiza ukukhuluma nge izikhulumi bomdabu. Funa izikhulumi bomdabu noma ulimi exchange abalingani ukuze abenza pronunciation yakho futhi sandise silulumagama yakho.
3. Sebenzisa izinsiza. Sebenzisa izincwadi, izifundo ezilalelwayo, izifundo ezikuyi-internet, nezinye izinto zokufunda ezingakusiza ukuba uqonde ulimi kangcono.
4. Lalela futhi ufunde njalo. Zama ukulalela isiteshi somsakazo Vietnamese noma ukubukela amabhayisikobho In Vietnamese kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuzokusiza uthole ukujwayela umsindo ulimi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda Amaphephandaba Vietnamese noma izincwadi kuyokwandisa ukuqonda kwakho lolimi kanye silulumagama.
5. Ngekhanda imishwana ezivamile. Ukubamba ngekhanda imishwana evamile Ngesivietnam kuyokusiza ukuba uqonde izinto eziyisisekelo zolimi ngokushesha futhi kwenze kube lula ukwakha izingxoxo.
6. Yiba njalo. Ukufunda ulimi kuthatha isikhathi nokuzijwayeza. Ungalindeli ukuba ukhulume kahle ubusuku bonke; kunalokho, zama ukuchitha okungenani imizuzu embalwa usuku ngalunye ufunda futhi uzijwayeze.